Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1 , 1 - 16 , 29.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1575553
https://izlik.org/JA42TP24KS

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, L. (2014). On the reproduction of capitalism: Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (G. M. Goshgarian, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 1971).
  • Benda, J. (2007). The Treason of the intellectuals (R. Aldington, Trans.) [eBook edition]. Transaction Publishers. (Original work published 1927).
  • Chalmers, David J. (1995). Facing up to the problem of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2 (3), 200-219.
  • Dawkins, R. (2006). The selfish gene. Oxford University Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original work published 1975).
  • Gramsci, A. (1999). Selections from the prison notebooks (Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith, Trans. & Eds.) [eBook edition]. (Original work published 1948-1951).
  • Habermas, J. (1972). Knowledge and human interests (J. J. Shapiro, Trans.). Beacon Press. (Original work published 1968).
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2005). Phenomenology of perception (D. A. Landes, Trans.). Routledge. (Original work published 1945).
  • Nagel, T. (1974). What is it like to be a bat? The Philosophical Review, 83(4), 435–450. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183914
  • National Theatre (2015, March 12). Tom Stoppard and Nicholas Hytner on The Hard Problem [Video]. Youtube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7J8rWu6HJg&ab_channel=NationalTheatre
  • Peterson, M. (2015). Introduction. In Martin Peterson (Ed.), The prisoner’s dilemma (pp. 1-15). Cambridge University Press.
  • Said, E. W. (1994). Representations of the intellectual. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Searle, J. R. (1992). The rediscovery of the mind. MIT Press Cambridge.
  • Shils, E. (1968). Intellectuals. In David L. Sills (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (pp. 399-414). The Macmillan Company & Free Press.
  • Stoppard, T. (2019) The hard problem. Faber & Faber.

ENTELEKTÜEL ARAYIŞLAR VE ETİK İKİLEMLER: TOM STOPPARD’IN THE HARD PROBLEM ADLI OYUNU ÜZERİNE ELEŞTİREL BİR ANALİZ

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1 , 1 - 16 , 29.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1575553
https://izlik.org/JA42TP24KS

Öz

Bu çalışma, Tom Stoppard’ın The Hard Problem adlı eserinde entelektüelliğin doğasına odaklanarak, insan bilincinin ve etik sorumlulukların doğası üzerine derinlemesine bir inceleme sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın ana odağı olan entelektüel tartışma, ‘özgecilik’, ‘tutsak ikilemi’ ve ‘bencil gen’ teorisi gibi fikir ve kavramlar üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmada bu kavram ve fikirler, insan doğasını tamamen evrimsel biyoloji ve bencil gen teorisi ile açıklayan başkahraman Spike ile insan doğasını sadece fiziksel eylemlerin bir sonucu olarak açıklayan evrimsel yaklaşımlara şüpheyle yaklaşan ve özgecilik kavramının gerekliliğini ve önemini vurgulayan Hilary üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Bu makale, entelektüalizm açısından gerçek özgeciliğin uygulanabilirliğini sorgulamakta ve evrimsel biyolojide soylu bir çaba gibi görünen şeyin çoğu zaman kişisel çıkarla iç içe geçtiğini öne süren tartışmalara bir bakış sunmaktadır. Makale ayrıca çağdaş toplumlarda entelektüellerin rollerini ve sorumluluklarını tartışmakta ve Louis Althusser, Antonio Gramsci, Julien Benda ve Edward Said’in entelektüeller hakkındaki teorileri ışığında oyundaki iki ana fikri karşılaştırmaktadır. Makale, felsefi fikirleri ve bilincin zor problemini ele alarak çağdaş toplumda entelektüellerin rolü ve kimliği üzerine eleştirel bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, L. (2014). On the reproduction of capitalism: Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (G. M. Goshgarian, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 1971).
  • Benda, J. (2007). The Treason of the intellectuals (R. Aldington, Trans.) [eBook edition]. Transaction Publishers. (Original work published 1927).
  • Chalmers, David J. (1995). Facing up to the problem of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2 (3), 200-219.
  • Dawkins, R. (2006). The selfish gene. Oxford University Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original work published 1975).
  • Gramsci, A. (1999). Selections from the prison notebooks (Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith, Trans. & Eds.) [eBook edition]. (Original work published 1948-1951).
  • Habermas, J. (1972). Knowledge and human interests (J. J. Shapiro, Trans.). Beacon Press. (Original work published 1968).
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2005). Phenomenology of perception (D. A. Landes, Trans.). Routledge. (Original work published 1945).
  • Nagel, T. (1974). What is it like to be a bat? The Philosophical Review, 83(4), 435–450. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183914
  • National Theatre (2015, March 12). Tom Stoppard and Nicholas Hytner on The Hard Problem [Video]. Youtube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7J8rWu6HJg&ab_channel=NationalTheatre
  • Peterson, M. (2015). Introduction. In Martin Peterson (Ed.), The prisoner’s dilemma (pp. 1-15). Cambridge University Press.
  • Said, E. W. (1994). Representations of the intellectual. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Searle, J. R. (1992). The rediscovery of the mind. MIT Press Cambridge.
  • Shils, E. (1968). Intellectuals. In David L. Sills (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (pp. 399-414). The Macmillan Company & Free Press.
  • Stoppard, T. (2019) The hard problem. Faber & Faber.

INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1 , 1 - 16 , 29.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1575553
https://izlik.org/JA42TP24KS

Öz

This study offers an in-depth examination of the nature of human consciousness and ethical responsibilities, focusing on the nature of the intellectualism in Tom Stoppard’s The Hard Problem. The intellectual debate, which is the main focus of the study, is discussed through ideas and concepts such as, ‘altruism’ and ‘the prisoner’s dilemma’ and ‘selfish gene’ theory. This study elaborates on these concepts and ideas through the protagonist Spike, who explains human nature entirely in terms of evolutionary biology and the selfish gene theory, and Hilary, who is sceptical of evolutionary approaches that explain human nature solely as a result of physical actions and emphasises the necessity and importance of the concept of altruism. This article questions the feasibility of true altruism in terms of intellectualism and offers a glimpse into debates in evolutionary biology which suggests that what appears to be a noble endeavour is often intertwined with self-interest. The article further discusses the roles, responsibilities and positions of intellectuals in contemporary societies and compares the two main ideas in the play in the light of the theories on intellectuals of Louis Althusser, Antonio Gramsci, Julien Benda and Edward Said. The article offers a critical perspective on the role and identity of intellectuals in contemporary society dealing with the philosophical ideas and the hard problem of consciousness.

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, L. (2014). On the reproduction of capitalism: Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (G. M. Goshgarian, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 1971).
  • Benda, J. (2007). The Treason of the intellectuals (R. Aldington, Trans.) [eBook edition]. Transaction Publishers. (Original work published 1927).
  • Chalmers, David J. (1995). Facing up to the problem of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2 (3), 200-219.
  • Dawkins, R. (2006). The selfish gene. Oxford University Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original work published 1975).
  • Gramsci, A. (1999). Selections from the prison notebooks (Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith, Trans. & Eds.) [eBook edition]. (Original work published 1948-1951).
  • Habermas, J. (1972). Knowledge and human interests (J. J. Shapiro, Trans.). Beacon Press. (Original work published 1968).
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2005). Phenomenology of perception (D. A. Landes, Trans.). Routledge. (Original work published 1945).
  • Nagel, T. (1974). What is it like to be a bat? The Philosophical Review, 83(4), 435–450. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183914
  • National Theatre (2015, March 12). Tom Stoppard and Nicholas Hytner on The Hard Problem [Video]. Youtube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7J8rWu6HJg&ab_channel=NationalTheatre
  • Peterson, M. (2015). Introduction. In Martin Peterson (Ed.), The prisoner’s dilemma (pp. 1-15). Cambridge University Press.
  • Said, E. W. (1994). Representations of the intellectual. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Searle, J. R. (1992). The rediscovery of the mind. MIT Press Cambridge.
  • Shils, E. (1968). Intellectuals. In David L. Sills (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (pp. 399-414). The Macmillan Company & Free Press.
  • Stoppard, T. (2019) The hard problem. Faber & Faber.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü, Çağdaş Tiyatro Çalışmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yavuz Pala 0000-0003-2691-6706

Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1575553
IZ https://izlik.org/JA42TP24KS
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Pala, Y. (2026). INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1575553
AMA 1.Pala Y. INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;13(1):1-16. doi:10.69878/deuefad.1575553
Chicago Pala, Yavuz. 2026. “INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13 (1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1575553.
EndNote Pala Y (01 Nisan 2026) INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13 1 1–16.
IEEE [1]Y. Pala, “INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 13, sy 1, ss. 1–16, Nis. 2026, doi: 10.69878/deuefad.1575553.
ISNAD Pala, Yavuz. “INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13/1 (01 Nisan 2026): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1575553.
JAMA 1.Pala Y. INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;13:1–16.
MLA Pala, Yavuz. “INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 13, sy 1, Nisan 2026, ss. 1-16, doi:10.69878/deuefad.1575553.
Vancouver 1.Yavuz Pala. INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 01 Nisan 2026;13(1):1-16. doi:10.69878/deuefad.1575553