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INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM

Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1 29 Nisan 2026
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INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM

Öz

This study offers an in-depth examination of the nature of human consciousness and ethical responsibilities, focusing on the nature of the intellectualism in Tom Stoppard’s The Hard Problem. The intellectual debate, which is the main focus of the study, is discussed through ideas and concepts such as, ‘altruism’ and ‘the prisoner’s dilemma’ and ‘selfish gene’ theory. This study elaborates on these concepts and ideas through the protagonist Spike, who explains human nature entirely in terms of evolutionary biology and the selfish gene theory, and Hilary, who is sceptical of evolutionary approaches that explain human nature solely as a result of physical actions and emphasises the necessity and importance of the concept of altruism. This article questions the feasibility of true altruism in terms of intellectualism and offers a glimpse into debates in evolutionary biology which suggests that what appears to be a noble endeavour is often intertwined with self-interest. The article further discusses the roles, responsibilities and positions of intellectuals in contemporary societies and compares the two main ideas in the play in the light of the theories on intellectuals of Louis Althusser, Antonio Gramsci, Julien Benda and Edward Said. The article offers a critical perspective on the role and identity of intellectuals in contemporary society dealing with the philosophical ideas and the hard problem of consciousness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Althusser, L. (2014). On the reproduction of capitalism: Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (G. M. Goshgarian, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 1971).
  2. Benda, J. (2007). The Treason of the intellectuals (R. Aldington, Trans.) [eBook edition]. Transaction Publishers. (Original work published 1927).
  3. Chalmers, David J. (1995). Facing up to the problem of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2 (3), 200-219.
  4. Dawkins, R. (2006). The selfish gene. Oxford University Press.
  5. Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original work published 1975).
  6. Gramsci, A. (1999). Selections from the prison notebooks (Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith, Trans. & Eds.) [eBook edition]. (Original work published 1948-1951).
  7. Habermas, J. (1972). Knowledge and human interests (J. J. Shapiro, Trans.). Beacon Press. (Original work published 1968).
  8. Merleau-Ponty, M. (2005). Phenomenology of perception (D. A. Landes, Trans.). Routledge. (Original work published 1945).

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü, Çağdaş Tiyatro Çalışmaları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

29 Nisan 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

29 Ekim 2024

Kabul Tarihi

19 Mart 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Pala, Y. (2026). INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1575553
AMA
1.Pala Y. INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;13(1):1-16. doi:10.69878/deuefad.1575553
Chicago
Pala, Yavuz. 2026. “INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13 (1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1575553.
EndNote
Pala Y (01 Nisan 2026) INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13 1 1–16.
IEEE
[1]Y. Pala, “INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 13, sy 1, ss. 1–16, Nis. 2026, doi: 10.69878/deuefad.1575553.
ISNAD
Pala, Yavuz. “INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13/1 (01 Nisan 2026): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1575553.
JAMA
1.Pala Y. INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;13:1–16.
MLA
Pala, Yavuz. “INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 13, sy 1, Nisan 2026, ss. 1-16, doi:10.69878/deuefad.1575553.
Vancouver
1.Yavuz Pala. INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TOM STOPPARD’S THE HARD PROBLEM. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 01 Nisan 2026;13(1):1-16. doi:10.69878/deuefad.1575553