DENİZE KIYISI OLMAYAN DEVLETLERİN DENİZE ÇIKIŞLARINA İLİŞKİN BAZI UÇ ÖNERİ VE PROJELERİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2010, Cilt 12 Özel Sayı, 1257 - 1301, 01.07.2010

Anıl Çamyamaç

Öz

ünümüzde yaklaşık 195 bağımsız devletin1
45’ini, bir başka ifadeyle
yaklaşık %23’ünü denize kıyısı olmayan devletler oluşturmaktadır. Bu devletlerin yaşadıkları en önemli problem ise, denize ulaşım konusundadır.
Avrupa’daki birçok denize kıyısı olmayan devlet3
dışında kalan denize kıyısı
olmayan devlet “gelişmekte olan” veya “en az gelişmiş” devletler kategorisinde değerlendirilmektedir4
. Bu devletlerin geri kalmışlıklarının temel
sebeplerinden biri olarak, “denize ve denizden ulaşım”da yaşadıkları zorluklar gösterilebilir. Bilindiği üzere, dünya ticaretinin %80’den fazlası denizler
üzerinden gerçekleştirilmektedir5
; ki bu durumun bir devletin ekonomik
kalkınmışlığına sağladığı katkının payı göz ardı edilemeyecektir. Denize
kıyısı olmayan devletlerin denize uzaklıkları, ulaşım yollarında komşu devletlere bağımlı olmaları sonucunu doğurmakta ve bu durum fizikî sorunlar
yarattığı gibi, malî sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Denize kıyısı
olmayan devletlerin, denizden uzak konumlanmalarının, gerek ihraç, gerek
ithal ürünlerde maliyetlere ciddî oranda ek külfetler yüklediği hesaplanmaktadır.6
Bunun dışında, denize kıyısı olmayan devletlerin komşularıyla
yaşadığı gerginlikler ve siyasî sorunların da etkileri ön plânda tutulmalıdır

Kaynakça

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