İklim Değişikliğinin Anne ve Yenidoğan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Özellikle son yıllarda üzerinde durulan iklim değişikliği; on yıllardır süren sıcaklık, yağış, rüzgâr gibi hava olaylarındaki değişiklik olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İklim değişikliği ile birlikte, temiz suya erişim, hava kalitesi, hava sıcaklıklarında değişim, güvenli barınma ve gıda güvenliği gibi sağlığın belirleyicileri olumsuz etkilenerek insan sağlığı etkilenmektedir. Bu durumdan etkilenen risk grubunda bulunan bireyler, özellikle gebeler ve yenidoğanlar, savunmasız ve duyarlı alt grupları oluşturmaktadırlar. İklim değişikliği ve sağlığa etkilerini konu alan çalışmaların özellikle son yıllarda yürütülmüş olduğu dikkati çekmektedir. Bu derlemede iklim değişikliğinin anne ve yenidoğan sağlığı üzerine etkilerinin neler olduğuna dikkat çekilmek istenmiştir. İncelenen araştırmalardan yüksek derece sıcaklığa maruz kalma ve hava kirliliği ile gestasyonel diyabet, hipertansiyon, erken doğum, erken membran rüptürü, düşük doğum ağırlığı, ölü doğum, yenidoğan cinsiyeti ve konjenital anomaliler arasında ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. İklim değişikliğinin sağlık üzerine olumsuz etkilerini azaltmada hemşirelere önemli sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Toplumun ve bireyin dayanıklılık kapasitesini arttırma, başa çıkma stratejilerini ve ileriye dönük davranışlarını geliştirme, sosyal destek ve yeşil çevre için politikalar geliştirmeye yönelik eğitici, savunucu, değişim ajanı, liderlik, bakım verici ve denetleyici gibi var olan rollerini hemşireler etkili bir biçimde kullanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim Değişikliği
• Anne Sağlığı
• Yenidoğan Sağlığı
• Hemşirelik

The Effect of Climate Change on Maternal and Newborn Health

Öz

Climate change, which has been emphasized in recent years; is defined as the change in weather events such as temperature, precipitation, wind over decades. With climate change, determinants of health such as access to clean water, temperature, air quality, safe housing and food security are negatively affected, and human health is affected. Individuals in the risk group affected by this situation, especially pregnant women and newborns, constitute vulnerable and sensitive subgroups. It is noteworthy that studies on climate change and its effects on health have been carried out especially in recent years. This review, it is aimed to draw attention to the effects of climate change on maternal and newborn health. Among the studies examined, it was determined that there is a relationship between exposure to high temperatures and air pollution and gestational diabetes, hypertension, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight, stillbirth and newborn sex and congenital anomalies. Nurses have important responsibilities in reducing the negative effects of climate change on health. Nurses should effectively use their roles such as educator, advocate, change agent, leadership, caring and supervisor to increase the resilience capacity of the society and the individual, to develop coping strategies and forward-looking behaviors, to develop policies for social support and green environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Climate Change
• Maternal Health
• Newborn Health
• Nursing

Kaynakça

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