Biyoetanol Üretiminde Ön İşlem Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi

Öz

Küresel enerji talebinin sürekli artışı ve yeni enerji kaynaklarına duyulan ihtiyaç, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına olan ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri ve döngüsel ekonomi bağlamında, atıklardan biyoyakıt üretimi umut verici bir teknolojidir. Bu bağlamda, biyoetanol en yaygın kullanılan biyoyakıt olarak kabul edilmektedir. Maya ve bakteri fermentasyonu yoluyla meyve ve sebze atıklarından (MSA) biyoyakıt üretimi yenilikçi ve sürdürülebilir bir tekniktir. Yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi, ürünlerin ve süreçlerin çevresel etkisini anlamak için küresel ısınma potansiyeli, ötrofikasyon, asidifikasyon, ozon tükenmesi gibi etki faktörlerini dikkate alarak kullanılan bir tekniktir. Bu çalışma, meyve ve sebze atıklarından biyoyakıt üretimi için yaşam döngüsü değerlendirme metodolojisi kullanarak dört ön işlem prosedürünün (asit, ısı, asit/ısı ve mikrodalga) çevresel etkisini incelemektedir. Analiz, en düşük çevresel etkiye sahip ön işlem yaklaşımının mikrodalga yöntemi olduğunu, bu yöntemin küresel ısınma potansiyelinin 3,9 kg CO2 eşdeğer/g etanol olduğunu, asit ve ısı işleminin etkisinin 8,7 kg CO2 eşdeğer/g etanol, asit ön işleminin 11,1 kg CO2 eşdeğer/g etanol ve ısı işleminin 5,1 kg CO2 eşdeğer/g etanol olduğunu göstermiştir. Benzer sonuçlar, kara asitleşmesi, ozon tükenmesi ve tatlı su ötrofikasyonu açısından da gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoetanol
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi
• Meyve ve Sebze Atıkları
• Ön İşlem Metotları

Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Pre-Treatment Methods in Bioethanol Production from Fruit and Vegetable Wastes

Öz

The continuous increase in global energy demand and the need for new energy resources make it imperative to find new energy sources. In the context of sustainable development goals and the circular economy, bioenergy production from waste is a promising technology. In this context, bioethanol is known as the most widely used biofuel. It is an innovative and sustainable technique for bioethanol production from fruit and vegetable wastes (FVWs) through yeast and bacteria fermentation. Life cycle assessment is a technique for understanding the environmental effect of products and processes by considering impact factors such as global warming potential, eutrophication, acidification, ozone depletion, etc. This study examines the environmental impact of 4 pre-treatment procedures (acid, heat, acid/heat, and microwave) for producing bioethanol from fruit and vegetable waste using life cycle assessment methodology. The analysis indicated that the pre-treatment approach with the lowest environmental impact is the microwave method, with a Global Warming Potential 3.9 kg CO2 eq/g ethanol while the effect of acid and heat treatment is 8.7 kg CO2 eq/g ethanol, acid pretreatment is 11.1 kg CO2 eq/g ethanol, and heat treatment is 5.1 kg CO2 eq/g ethanol. Similar results were observed in terms of terrestrial acidification, ozone depletion and freshwater eutrophication

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bioethanol
• Sustainability
• Life Cycle Assessment
• Fruit and Vegetable Wastes
• Pre-Treatment Methods

Kaynakça

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