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Effect of high-energy laser welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 67, 179 - 194, 15.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236716

Öz

Autogenous bead-on-plate laser welding was performed on 2 mm 304SS materials at different heat inputs. The influence of laser energy in low welding speeds on weld performance using a Nd:YAG laser was studied. The weld performance was characterized in terms of weld bead morphology, microstructure and mechanical properties. The result revealed that the crater increased with the increase of heat input, so there is a linear relationship between crater and heat input. The gradual increase of the heat input was not directly related to the penetration of the weld bead. At the highest heat input, weld beads considerably expanded and also the crater deepened, the hardness increased in these joints while tensile strength and ductility reduced. The best mechanical properties were obtained with high laser energy at intermediate heat input. These weldments exhibited better strength even better than base metal 304SS. The microhardness values were distributed homogeneously from the fusion zone to the base metal. Laser energy increased the ferrite network and brought finer ferrites. As a result, usable laser welding parameters in terms of good strength, as well as good ductility and weld bead morphology were defined for welding 304 SS with 2 mm thickness.

Destekleyen Kurum

Tübitak

Proje Numarası

218M631

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TÜBİTAK (Project Code: 218M631) for providing financial support. They would like to thank Öztaş Demir Çelik Inc. for welding operations.

Kaynakça

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304 Paslanmaz çeliğin mikroyapı ve mekanik özellikleri üzerinde yüksek enerjili lazer kaynak parametrelerinin etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 67, 179 - 194, 15.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236716

Öz

2 mm kalınlığında 304SS malzemelerine otojen plaka üstü dikiş şeklinde farklı ısı girdilerine sahip lazer kaynağı uygulanmıştır. Nd: YAG lazer kullanılarak özellikle düşük kaynak hızlarında lazer enerjisinin kaynak performansı üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Kaynak performansı kaynak dikiş morfolojisi, mikroyapı ve mekanik özellikler açısından karakterize edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, ısı girdisinin artmasıyla kraterin arttığını ortaya koymuş, bu nedenle krater ve ısı girdisi arasında doğrusal bir ilişki olduğu belirtilmiştir. Isı girdisindeki kademeli artışın kaynak dikişinin penetrasyonu ile doğrudan ilişkili olmadığı bulunmuştur. En yüksek ısı girdisinde, kaynak dikişleri önemli ölçüde genişlemiş ve krater derinleşmiştir, bu kaynak dikişlerinin sertliği artarken çekme dayanımı ve süneklik azalmıştır. En iyi mekanik özellikler orta seviyedeki ısı girdisine sahip yüksek lazer enerjisi ile elde edilmiştir. Bu kaynaklar, 304SS ana metalinden daha iyi mukavemet sergilemiştir. Mikrosertlik değerleri füzyon bölgesinden ana metale homojen olarak dağılmıştır. Lazer enerjisi ferrit ağını arttırmış ve daha ince ferritler oluşturmuştur. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile 304 SS 2 mm kalınlığındaki plakaların kaynağında iyi mukavemet, iyi süneklik ve kaynak dikiş morfolojisi açısından kullanılabilir lazer kaynak parametreleri tanımlanmıştır.

Proje Numarası

218M631

Kaynakça

  • [1] Linjie, Z., Jianxun, Z., Kalaoui, H., Li, H., Wang, Y. 2007. A comparative study of the residual deformation of an automotive gear-case assembly due to deep-penetration high-energy welding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,Cilt. 190(1-3),s. 109–116. DOI:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.03.101
  • [2] Kumar, N., Mukherjee, M., Bandyopadhyay, A. 2017. Comparative study of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of AISI 304 and AISI 316 stainless steels. Optics & Laser Technology,Cilt. 88, s.24–39. DOI:10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.08.018
  • [3] Wang, S. C., Wei, P. S. 1992. Energy-Beam redistribution and absorption in a drilling or welding cavity. Metallurgical Transactions B, Cilt.23(4),s. 505–511. DOI:10.1007/bf02649669
  • [4] Buchwalder, A., Rüthrich, K., Zenker, R., Biermann, H. 2013. Electron Beam Welding of High Alloy CrMnNi Cast Steels with TRIP/TWIP Effect. Advanced Engineering Materials, Cilt.15(7), s.566–570. DOI:10.1002/adem.201200355
  • [5] Bahrami Balajaddeh, M., Naffakh-Moosavy, H. 2019. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of 17-4 PH stainless steel: Microstructure, mechanical properties, and weldability investigation. Optics & Laser Technology, Cilt.119, s.105651. DOI:10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105651
  • [6] Wei, X., Ling, X., Zhang, M. 2018. Influence of surface modifications by laser shock processing on the acid chloride stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of AISI 304 stainless steel. Engineering Failure Analysis,Cilt. 91, s.165–171. DOI:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.04.045
  • [7] Zhang, L., Luo, K. Y., Lu, J. Z., Zhang, Y. K., Dai, F. Z., Zhong, J. W. 2011. Effects of laser shock processing with different shocked paths on mechanical properties of laser welded ANSI 304 stainless steel joint. Materials Science and Engineering: A,Cilt. 528(13-14), s.4652–4657. DOI:10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.054
  • [8] Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, F., Huang, W., Jing, G., Wang, Z., Zeng, X. 2019. Weldability, microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-welded selective laser melted 304 stainless steel joints. Journal of Materials Science & Technology. DOI:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.04.017
  • [9] Mao, K. S., Sun, C., Shiau, C.-H., Yano, K. H., Freyer, P. D., El-Azab, A. A., … Wharry, J. P. 2020. Role of cavities on deformation-induced martensitic transformation pathways in a laser-welded, neutron irradiated austenitic stainless steel. Scripta Materialia, Cilt.178, s.1–6. DOI:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.10.037
  • [10] Shah, A., Kumar, A., Ramkumar, J. 2018. Analysis of transient thermo-fluidic behavior of melt pool during spot laser welding of 304 stainless-steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Cilt.256, s.109–120. DOI:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.02.005
  • [11] Geng, Y., Akbari, M., Karimipour, A., Karimi, A., Soleimani, A., Afrand, M. 2019. Effects of the laser parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure of weld joint in dissimilar pulsed laser welding of AISI 304 and AISI 420. Infrared Physics & Technology, Cilt.103, s.103081. DOI:10.1016/j.infrared.2019.103081
  • [12] Mukherjee, M., Pal, T. K. 2013. Role of microstructural constituents on surface crack formation during hot rolling of standard and low nickel austenitic stainless steels. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), Cilt.26(2), s.206–216. DOI:10.1007/s40195-012-0200-7
  • [13] Zhang, L., Lu, J. Z., Luo, K. Y., Feng, A. X., Dai, F. Z., Zhong, J. S., … Zhang, Y. K. 2013. Residual stress, micro-hardness and tensile properties of ANSI 304 stainless steel thick sheet by fiber laser welding. Materials Science and Engineering: A,Cilt. 561, s.136–144. DOI:10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.001
  • [14] Al-Roubaiy A.2016.Characterization of the nugget zone between Aluminum and 304 Stainless Steel Laser Welded. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. DOI:10(12),38-49.
  • [15] Zhang, M., Chen, G., Zhou, Y., Liao, S. 2014. Optimization of deep penetration laser welding of thick stainless steel with a 10kW fiber laser. Materials & Design,Cilt. 53, s.568–576. DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.06.066
  • [16] Hafez, K. M., Katayama, S. 2009.Fiber laser welding of AISI 304 stainless steel plates.Quarterly Journal Of The Japan Weldıng Socıety. Cilt.27(2), s.69–73.
  • [17] Cui C.Y. , Cui X.G. , Ren X.D. , Liu T.T. , J.D.Hu Wang Y.M.2013.Microstructure and microhardness of bre laser butt welded joint of stainless steel plates. Mater. Design. Cilt.49,s. 761-765.
  • [18] Balasubramanian K.R., Siva Shanmugam N., Buvanashekaran G., Sankaranarayanasamy K .2008.Numerical and experimental investigation of laser beam welding of AISI 304 stainless steel sheet.Adv. Produc. Engineer Manag. Cilt.3(2), s.93-105.
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  • [22] Akman, E., Demir, A., Canel, T., Sınmazçelik, T. 2009. Laser welding of Ti6Al4V titanium alloys. Journal of materials processing technology, Cilt.209(8), s.3705-3713. DOI:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.08.026
  • [23] Saha, P., Datta, S., Raza, M. S., Pratihar, D. K. 2019. Effects of heat input on weld-bead geometry, surface chemical composition, corrosion behavior and thermal properties of fiber laser-welded nitinol shape memory alloy. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Cilt.28(5), s.2754-2763. DOI:10.1007/s11665-019-04077-0
  • [24] Li, R., Li, Z., Zhu, Y., Rong, L. 2011. A comparative study of laser beam welding and laser–MIG hybrid welding of Ti–Al–Zr–Fe titanium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Cilt.528(3),s. 1138–1142. DOI:10.1016/j.msea.2010.09.084
  • [25] Chatterjee, S., Sahoo, S. K., Swain, B., Mahapatra, S. S., Roy, T. 2020. Quality characterization of dissimilar laser welded joints of Ti6Al4V with AISI 304 by using copper deposition technique. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. DOI:10.1007/s00170-020-04935-5
  • [26] Anawa, E. M., Olabi, A. G. 2008. Control of welding residual stress for dissimilar laser welded materials. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Cilt.204(1-3), s.22–33. DOI:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.03.047
  • [27] Kangazian, J., Shamanian, M. 2016. Multiresponse Optimization of Pulsed-Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (PCGTAW) for AISI 304 Stainless Steel to St 52 Steel Dissimilar Welds. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis,Cilt. 5(3), s.241–250. DOI:10.1007/s13632-016-0277-x
  • [28] Bahrami Balajaddeh, M., Naffakh-Moosavy, H.2019.Pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of 17-4 PH stainless steel: Microstructure, mechanical properties, and weldability investigation.Optik Laser Technology,Cilt. 119,s.105651.
  • [29] Bilmes, P., Gonzalez, A., Llorente, C., Solari, M. 1996. Effect ofδferrite solidification morphology of austenitic stainless steel weld metal on properties of welded joints. Welding International, Cilt.10(10), s.797–808. DOI:10.1080/09507119609549091
  • [30] Liu, Y., Sun, Y. 2019. In-situ observation of interaction between precipitates and austenite during δ→γ phase transformations. Materials Science and Technology, Cilt.35(5), s.536–543. DOI:10.1080/02670836.2019.1572299
  • [31] Sheikhi, M., Malek Ghaini, F., Torkamany, M. J., Sabbaghzadeh, J. 2009. Characterisation of solidification cracking in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of 2024 aluminium alloy. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Cilt.14(2), s.161–165. DOI:10.1179/136217108x386554
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Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Simge İrizalp 0000-0002-0339-5699

Burçak Köroğlu 0000-0003-0675-7808

Proje Numarası 218M631
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 67

Kaynak Göster

APA İrizalp, S., & Köroğlu, B. (2021). Effect of high-energy laser welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 23(67), 179-194. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236716
AMA İrizalp S, Köroğlu B. Effect of high-energy laser welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel. DEUFMD. Ocak 2021;23(67):179-194. doi:10.21205/deufmd.2021236716
Chicago İrizalp, Simge, ve Burçak Köroğlu. “Effect of High-Energy Laser Welding Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 304 Stainless Steel”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi 23, sy. 67 (Ocak 2021): 179-94. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236716.
EndNote İrizalp S, Köroğlu B (01 Ocak 2021) Effect of high-energy laser welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 23 67 179–194.
IEEE S. İrizalp ve B. Köroğlu, “Effect of high-energy laser welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel”, DEUFMD, c. 23, sy. 67, ss. 179–194, 2021, doi: 10.21205/deufmd.2021236716.
ISNAD İrizalp, Simge - Köroğlu, Burçak. “Effect of High-Energy Laser Welding Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 304 Stainless Steel”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 23/67 (Ocak 2021), 179-194. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236716.
JAMA İrizalp S, Köroğlu B. Effect of high-energy laser welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel. DEUFMD. 2021;23:179–194.
MLA İrizalp, Simge ve Burçak Köroğlu. “Effect of High-Energy Laser Welding Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 304 Stainless Steel”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, c. 23, sy. 67, 2021, ss. 179-94, doi:10.21205/deufmd.2021236716.
Vancouver İrizalp S, Köroğlu B. Effect of high-energy laser welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel. DEUFMD. 2021;23(67):179-94.

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi Dekanlığı Tınaztepe Yerleşkesi, Adatepe Mah. Doğuş Cad. No: 207-I / 35390 Buca-İZMİR.