Öz
Tyche, Yunan tanrı ve tanrıçalarının soylarından gelmeyen, zamanla kişileştirilerek tanrı kimliği kazanmış soyut bir kavramdır. Bu soyut kavramın bir tanrıçaya dönüşmesi büyük ölçüde İ.Ö. 4 yüzyılda ve Hellenistik Dönem’de gerçekleşmiştir. Tyche, tanrıça olarak kişileştirilmeden önce kaderin ve talihin belirleyicisi olarak kabul edilmekte idi. Yunan Pantheon’una geç girmiş bir tanrıça olduğu için betimleme tiplerinde çok çeşitlilik görülmemektedir. Tyche ve Kybele betimlemeleri çoğunlukla birbiri ile çok benzer şekilde yapılabilmektedirler. Özellikle sur bedenli polosa sahip betimlemelerinde bu benzerlikler çokça görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda iki Tanrıçanın betimlemelerini zaman zaman birbirinden ayırmak çok zor olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Tire Müze’sinden bulunmuş olan bir başın Kybele’yi mi Tyche’yi mi temsil ettiğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Ajootian, A. (2007). Praxiteles and fourth century Athenian portraiture. In P. Schultz (Ed.), Early Hellenistic portraiture: Image, style, context. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Ashmole, B., & Bieber, M. (1962). Reviewed: Die Tyche von Antiochia by Tobias Dohrn. American Journal of Archaeology, 66 (2), 214-216.
- Bieber, M. (1955). The sculpture of the Hellenistic age. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
- Edwards, C. M. (1990). Tyche at Corinth. Hesperia, 59 (3), 529-542.
- Fullerton, M. (1990). The archaistic style in Roman statuary. Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill.
- Grimal, P. (1997). The dictionary of classical mythology. New Jersey, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Heidenreich, R. (1935). Bupalus und Pergamon, 50, 668-701.
- Hesiodos. (2016). Theogonia-İşler ve günler. İstanbul, Turkey: İş Bankası Yayınları.
- Higgins, R. (1967). Greek terracottas. London, UK: Methuen-Co Ltd.
- Higgins, R. A. (1969). Catalogue of the terracottas in the department of Greek and Roman antiquities, British Museum. London, UK: British Museum.
- Larson, J. (2007). Ancient Greek cults. London, UK: Routledge.
- Matheson, S. (1994). The goddess Tyche. Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin: An Obsession with Fortune: Tyche in Greek and Roman Art, 18-33.
- Mollard-Besques, S. (1972). Catalogue raisonné des figurines et reliefs en terre-cuite Grecs et Romains III, époques Hellénistique et Romaine, Grèce et Asie Mineure. Paris, France: Presses des Musées Nationaux.
- Nilsson, M. P. (2007). Geschichte der griechischen Religion. Die Hellenistische und Römische Zeit, 2, HDA.
- Palagia, O. (1994). Tyche at Sparta. Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin: An Obsession with Fortune: Tyche in Greek and Roman Art, 64-75.
- Pausanias. (1933). Description of Greece, books VI-VIII (Trans. W. H. S. Jones). London, UK: William Heinemann Ltd.
- Pieter, B., & Broucke, J. (1934). Tyche and fortune of cities in the Greek and Roman world. Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin: An Obsession with Fortune: Tyche in Greek and Roman Art, 34-49.
- Pollitt, J. (1986). Art in the Hellenistic age. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Ridgway, B. (2000). Hellenistic sculpture I. UK: The University of Wisconsin Press.
- Ridgway, B. S. (2001). Hellenistic sculpture II: The styles of ca. 331-200. UK: The University of Wisconsin Press.
- Stewart, A. (1990). Greek sculpture: An exploration (Vols. I-II). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Summerer, L. (1999). Hellenistische terrakotten aus Amisos: Ein beitrag zur kunstgeschichte des Pontosgebietes. Stuttgart, Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag.
- Thompson, B. D. (1963). Troy, the terracotta figurines of the Hellenistic period: Supplementary Monograph III. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Töpperwein, E. (1976). Terrakotten von Pergamon. Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter.
THE HEAD IN THE TERRACOTTA COLLECTION OF THE TİRE MUSEUM IS PROPOSED AS THE HEAD OF THE GODDESS TYCHE
Öz
Tyche is an abstract concept that did not come from the lineage of Greek gods and goddesses, but was personified in time and became a god. The transformation of this abstract concept into a god was largely realised in the 4th century BC and the Hellenistic period. Before being personified as a god, Tyche was regarded as the determinant of fate and fortune. Since she is a goddess who entered the Greek Pantheon late, there is not much variety in her depictions.Tyche and Kybele depictions can often be made in a very similar way to each other. These similarities are especially seen in depictions with a trumpet-shaped polo. In this context, it can sometimes be very difficult to separate the depictions of the two Goddesses from each other. This study aims to determine whether a head found in the Tire Museum represents Kybele or Tyche.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Ajootian, A. (2007). Praxiteles and fourth century Athenian portraiture. In P. Schultz (Ed.), Early Hellenistic portraiture: Image, style, context. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Ashmole, B., & Bieber, M. (1962). Reviewed: Die Tyche von Antiochia by Tobias Dohrn. American Journal of Archaeology, 66 (2), 214-216.
- Bieber, M. (1955). The sculpture of the Hellenistic age. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
- Edwards, C. M. (1990). Tyche at Corinth. Hesperia, 59 (3), 529-542.
- Fullerton, M. (1990). The archaistic style in Roman statuary. Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill.
- Grimal, P. (1997). The dictionary of classical mythology. New Jersey, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Heidenreich, R. (1935). Bupalus und Pergamon, 50, 668-701.
- Hesiodos. (2016). Theogonia-İşler ve günler. İstanbul, Turkey: İş Bankası Yayınları.
- Higgins, R. (1967). Greek terracottas. London, UK: Methuen-Co Ltd.
- Higgins, R. A. (1969). Catalogue of the terracottas in the department of Greek and Roman antiquities, British Museum. London, UK: British Museum.
- Larson, J. (2007). Ancient Greek cults. London, UK: Routledge.
- Matheson, S. (1994). The goddess Tyche. Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin: An Obsession with Fortune: Tyche in Greek and Roman Art, 18-33.
- Mollard-Besques, S. (1972). Catalogue raisonné des figurines et reliefs en terre-cuite Grecs et Romains III, époques Hellénistique et Romaine, Grèce et Asie Mineure. Paris, France: Presses des Musées Nationaux.
- Nilsson, M. P. (2007). Geschichte der griechischen Religion. Die Hellenistische und Römische Zeit, 2, HDA.
- Palagia, O. (1994). Tyche at Sparta. Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin: An Obsession with Fortune: Tyche in Greek and Roman Art, 64-75.
- Pausanias. (1933). Description of Greece, books VI-VIII (Trans. W. H. S. Jones). London, UK: William Heinemann Ltd.
- Pieter, B., & Broucke, J. (1934). Tyche and fortune of cities in the Greek and Roman world. Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin: An Obsession with Fortune: Tyche in Greek and Roman Art, 34-49.
- Pollitt, J. (1986). Art in the Hellenistic age. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Ridgway, B. (2000). Hellenistic sculpture I. UK: The University of Wisconsin Press.
- Ridgway, B. S. (2001). Hellenistic sculpture II: The styles of ca. 331-200. UK: The University of Wisconsin Press.
- Stewart, A. (1990). Greek sculpture: An exploration (Vols. I-II). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Summerer, L. (1999). Hellenistische terrakotten aus Amisos: Ein beitrag zur kunstgeschichte des Pontosgebietes. Stuttgart, Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag.
- Thompson, B. D. (1963). Troy, the terracotta figurines of the Hellenistic period: Supplementary Monograph III. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Töpperwein, E. (1976). Terrakotten von Pergamon. Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Tarihsel Çalışmalar (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 10 Aralık 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 12 Aralık 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 2 Eylül 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 |