Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

EXAMINING EMPLOYEES’ EMOTIONS TOWARDS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI): A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1 , 244 - 276 , 15.03.2025

Gözde Dilara Can , Ebru Tolay

https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1561404
https://izlik.org/JA22KT36DU

Öz

In this study, we aimed to investigate employees’ perspectives on artificial intelligence (AI) and understand their opinions and emotions regarding the future advancements of AI and its potential impacts on their work lives. We conducted a qualitative study using an inductive approach and a phenomenological research design. We employed purposive sampling methods to select 20 participants from various sectors for interviews to achieve this goal. We utilized content analysis with the MAXQDA 2024 program, followed by descriptive and relational analyses of the categories and codes we obtained. Our research showed that the most common emotion among participants regarding their encounters with AI was ‘astonishment.’ We discovered that the participants had mixed feelings towards AI, including positive emotions such as happiness, curiosity, admiration, and excitement, and negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, anger, frustration, and distrust. Our study showed that respondents were most surprised and happiest about how AI makes life easier and more convenient and how its speed gives people more time for their personal lives. Conversely, the factors that caused the most concern and fear among participants were the potential for mass unemployment due to AI and the risk of encouraging laziness in people. Many of them believe that AI has the potential to bring significant advantages to humanity, particularly in fields such as healthcare, the environment, and the economy. However, there is also a growing concern and fear around the possibility that AI could spiral out of control, be utilized in biological, chemical, and technological warfare, and result in widespread unemployment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial Intelligence AI Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction Emotions Qualitative Research

Etik Beyan

This article is based on Gözde Dilara CAN’s master’s thesis, “Investigation of Emotions Emerging in Artificial Intelligence-Human Interaction in Business Life with Qualitative Research Method,” which was supervised by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ebru TOLAY. The research section of the article was enhanced using additional analysis techniques. The research was approved by Dokuz Eylul University’s Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee on 15.09.2022, with approval number E-87347630-659-364703. The thesis was presented as an abstract paper at the 32nd National Management and Organization Congress hosted by Giresun University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences on 23-25 May 2024 in Turkey.

Teşekkür

We want to thank Dr. Ceyda Ünal (Department of Management Information Systems, Dokuz Eylul University) for reviewing AI-related codes and Berat Bağbancı, a Psychologist and Neuroscience Expert, for reviewing emotion-related codes. Their contributions to the research were invaluable.

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, A., Gans, J. S., & Goldfarb, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence: The ambiguous labor market impact of automating prediction. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33 (2), 31-50. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.2.31
  • Aktepe, Ş. & Karakulle, İ. (2023). The use of artificial intelligence in providing competitive advantage in businesses: The case of mobile applications of e-commerce sites. Fenerbahce University Journal of Social Sciences, 3 (1), 30-46. https://doi.org/10.58620/fbujoss.1287967
  • APA, (2022). Anthropomorphism. Retrived from https://dictionary.apa.org/anthropomorphism. Accessed May 26, 2022.
  • Azeez, N. A., Lawal, A. O., Misra, S. & Oluranti, J. (2022). Machine learning approach for identifying suspicious uniform resource locators (URLs) on reddit social network. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 14 (6), 1618-1626. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2021.1977087
  • Baştan, S. (2003). Artificial intelligence, new communication technologies and organizational change: Towards the intelligent organization. Journal of Management and Economics, 10 (1), 187-203.
  • Benbya, H., Davenport, T. H. & Pachidi, S. (2020). Artificial intelligence in organizations: Current state and future opportunities. MIS Quarterly Executive, 19 (4), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3741983
  • Borana, J. (2016, March). Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Associated Technologies. Proceeding of International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Engineering, Biomedical, Management and Science (ETEBMS), Jodhpur.
  • Borau, S., Otterbring, T., Laporte, S. & Fosso Wamba, S. (2021). The most human bot: Female gendering increases humanness perceptions of bots and acceptance of AI. Psychology & Marketing, 38 (7), 1052–1068. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21480
  • Borghi, M., & Mariani, M. M. (2022). The role of emotions in the consumer meaning-making of interactions with social robots. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121844
  • Brock, J. K-U., & Von Wangenheim, F. (2019). Demystifying AI: What digital transformation leaders can teach you about realistic artificial intelligence. California Management Review, 61 (4), 110-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536504219865226
  • Büyük, E. (2023). Yapay Zekâ Teknikleri ile Personel Seçimi ve Değerlendirilmesi (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Chiu, Y-T., Zhu, Y-Q. & Corbett, J. (2021). In the hearts and minds of employees: A model of pre-adoptive appraisal toward artificial intelligence in organizations. International Journal of Information Management. 60, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt. 2021.102379
  • Christou, P., Simillidou, A. & Stylianou, M, C. (2020). Tourists’ perceptions regarding the use of anthropomorphic robots in tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32 (11), 3665-3683. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2020-0423
  • Creswell, J, W. (2021). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (6th ed.). M. Bütün & S. B. Demir (Translation Eds.), Siyasal Akademi.
  • Dastin, J. (2018). Amazon scraps secret AI recruiting tool that showed bias against women. Retrived from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-amazon-com-jobs-automation-%20insight-idUSKCN1MK08G/ Accessed December 22, 2021.
  • Davis, J. L., Shank, D. B., Love, T. P., Stefanik, C., & Wilson, A. (2022). Gender dynamics in human-AI role-taking. In W. Kalkhoff, S.R. Thye, & E. J. Lawler (Eds.), Advances in Group Processes (Vol. 39, pp. 1-22). Emerald Publishing Limited Leeds.
  • Dwivedi, Y, K., Hughes, L., Ismagilova, E., Aarts, G., Coombs, C., Crick, T. … & Williams, M, D. (2021). Artificial intelligence (AI): Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management. 57, 1-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.08.002
  • Ekman, P. & Cordaro, D. (2011). What is meant by calling emotions basic. Emotion Review, 3 (4), 364–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410740
  • Epley, N., Waytz, A. & Cacioppo, J, T. (2007). On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism. Psychological Review, 114 (4), 864–886. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.114.4.864
  • Erkutlu, H. V, Erdemir Ergün, E., Köseoğlu, İ. & Vurgun, T. (2023). Artificial intelligence and organizational behavior. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Journal of ISS. 13 (3), 1403-1417. https://doi.org/10.30783/ nevsosbilen.1246678
  • European Commission. (2017). Attitudes towards the impact of digitisation and automation on daily life. Shaping Europe’s Digital Future. Retrieved from https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/news/attitudes-towards-impact-digitisation-and-automation-daily-life Accessed December 20, 2021.
  • Ferik, I, F. (2003). Yapay Zekâ Kavramının Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Fineman, S. (2001). Emotions and organizational control. In R. L. Payne & C. L. Cooper (eds.), Emotions at Work: Theory: Research and Applications for Management (pp. 219-237). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Glikson, E. & Woolley, A. W. (2020). Human trust in artificial intelligence: Review of empirical research. Academy of Management Annals, 14 (2), 627-660. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2018.0057
  • Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books.
  • Gray, K. & Wegner, D., M. (2012). Feeling robots and human zombies: Mind perception and the uncanny valley. Cognition, 125 (1), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.007
  • Haenlein, M. & Kaplan, A. (2019). A brief history of artificial intelligence: On the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence. California Management Review. 61 (4), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619864925
  • Hasija, A. & Esper, T. L. (2022). In artificial intelligence (AI) we trust: A qualitative investigation of AI technology acceptance. Journal of Business Logistics, 43 (3), 388-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12301
  • Hauer, T. (2017). Technological determinism and new media. International Journal of English, Literature and Social Science (IJELS). 2 (2), 1-4.
  • Hawking, S., Russell, S., Tegmark, M. & Wilczek, F. (2014). Stephen Hawking: Transcendence looks at the implications of artificial intelligence - but are we taking AI seriously enough? The Independent. Retrived from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/stephen-hawking-transcendence-looks-at-the-implications-of-artificial-intelligence-but-are-we-taking-ai-seriously-enough-9313474.html Accessed April 12, 2023.
  • Héder, M. (2021). AI and the resurrection of technological determinism. Információs Társadalom, 21 (2), 119-130. https://dx.doi.org/10.22503/inftars.XXI.2021.2.8
  • Hill, J., Ford, W. R., & Farreras, I. G. (2015). Real conversations with artificial intelligence: A comparison between human–human online conversations and human–chatbot conversations. Computers in human behavior, 49, 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.026
  • Hornung, O. & Smolnik, S. (2022). AI invading the workplace: Negative emotions towards the organizational use of personal virtual assistants. Electronic Markets, 32 (1), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-021-00493-0
  • Huang, L., Joseph, A. D., Nelson, B., Rubinstein, B. I. P. & Tygar, J. D. (2011, October). Adversarial Machine Learning. Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Security and Artificial Intelligence, Illinois.
  • Huang, M. H. & Rust, R. T. (2018). Artificial intelligence in service. Journal of Service Research, 21 (2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670517752459
  • Huang M. H., Rust, R. & Maksimovic, V. (2019). The feeling economy: Managing in the next generation of artificial intelligence (AI). California Management Review, 61 (4), 43-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619863436
  • Hughes, C., Robert, L., Frady, K. & Arroyos, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence, employee engagement, fairness, and job outcomes. In E. Perry (Ed.) Managing technology and middle- and low-skilled employees: The changing context of managing people. (pp. 61-68). Emerald Publishing Limited.
  • Kaplan, A. & Haenlein, M. (2019). Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons. 62 (1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.004
  • Kaplan, A. & Haenlein, M. (2020). Rulers of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons, 63 (1), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.09.003
  • Kılıç Kırılmaz, S. & Ateş, Ç. (2021). Use of artificial intelligence in recruitments: A conceptual assessment. Journal of Business and Trade. 2 (1), 37-48.
  • Kılınç, İ., & Ünal, A. (2019). AI is the new black: Effects of artificial intelligence on business World. Journal of Contemporary Administrative Science, 6 (2), 238-258.
  • Kianpour, M. & Wen S. F. (2020). Timing Attacks on Machine Learning: State of the Art. Proceedings of the 2019 Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys) Volume 1 (pp. 111- 125). Springer International Publishing.
  • Köse, U. (2020). Enterprises of the future within the framework of ethical artificial intelligence: Transformation and paradigm changes. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design. 8 (5), 289-304. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.833224
  • Kushawa, A. K., Pharswan, R., Kumar, P. & Kar, A. K. (2023). How do users feel when they use artificial intelligence for decision making? A framework for assessing users’ perception. Information Systems Frontiers, 25, 1241-1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10796-022-10293-2
  • Li, X. & Sung, Y. (2021). Anthropomorphism brings us closer: The mediating role of psychological distance in user–AI assistant interactions. Computers in Human Behavior. 118, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106680
  • Makridakis, S. (2017). The forthcoming artificial intelligence (AI) revolution: Its impact on society and firms. Future, 90, 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.03.006
  • McCarthy, J. (2004). What is artificial intelligence? Retrived from http://www.formal.stanford. edu/jmc/whatisai/. Accessed November 28, 2021.
  • Mori, M. (2012). The uncanny valley. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine. Translated By: K. F. MacDorman & N. Kageki. 19, 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2012.2192811
  • Nabiyev, V. (2021). Yapay zekâ: Makine öğrenmesi, stratejili oyunlar, örüntü tanıma, doğal dil işleme. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Noy, C. (2008). Knowledge: The hermeneutics of snowball sampling in qualitative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11 (4), 327-344.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2018). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (3th ed.). Translation Eds. M. Bütün & S. B. Demir. Pegem Akademi.
  • Plutchik, R. (1962). The emotions: Facts, theories, and a new model. Random House.
  • Plutchik, R. (1982). A psych evolutionary theory of emotions. Social Science Information, 21(4-5), 529–553. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901882021004003
  • Plutchik, R. (2001). The nature of emotions. American Scientist, 89(4), 344-350.
  • Saavedra-Rivano, N. (2019, July). AI and Us: Existential Risk or Transformational Tool? Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 18th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC). Milano.
  • Santos, G. M. (2018). Emotions and acceptance towards artificial intelligence and its evolution. (Unpublished master dissertation). University of Lisbon.
  • Say, C. (2018). 50 soruda yapay zekâ. (6th ed.). Bilim ve Gelecek Kitaplığı.
  • Scribano, A. & Maria, M. V. (2021) Narratives, emotions and artificial intelligence: A reading of artificial intelligence from emotions. SN Social Sciences. 1 (9), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-021-00237-z
  • Shank, D. B., Graves, C., Gott, A., Gamez, P. & Rodriguez, S. (2019). Feeling our way to machine minds: People’s emotions when perceiving mind in artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 256-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.001
  • Shank, D., B. & Gott, A. (2020). Exposed by AIs! People personally witness artificial intelligence exposing personal information and exposing people to undesirable content. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. 36(17), 1636-1645. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1768674
  • Shank, D, B., Bowen, M., Burns, A. & Dew, M. (2021). Humans are perceived as better, but weaker, than artificial intelligence: A comparison of affective impressions of humans, AIs, and computer systems in roles on teams. Computers in Human Behavior Reports. 3, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100092
  • Shayganfar, M., Rich, C., Sidner, C. & Hylák, B. (2019, September). “It was not Your Fault”- Emotional Awareness Improves Collaborative Robots. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Humanized Computing and Communication (HCC) (pp. 7- 15), IEEE Computer Society, California.
  • Siau, K. & Wang, W. (2018). Building trust in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics. Cutter Business Technology Journal, 31 (2), 47-53.
  • Tambe, P., Cappelli, P. & Yakubovich, V. (2019). Artificial intelligence in human resources management: Challenges and a path forward. California Management Review. 61 (4), 15-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619867910
  • Tolay, E. & Gürcan, N. (2023). Teknolojik determinizm, endüstri 4.0 ve yapay zekâ. In E. T. Demirel (Ed.), Teknolojik determinism: Geleceğe bakış ve çok yönlü analiz (pp. 569-600). Beta Yayınevi.
  • Valle-Cruz, D., Ruvalcaba-Gomez, E. A., Sandoval-Almazan, R. & Criado, J. I. (2019, June). A Review of Artificial Intelligence in Government and Its Potential from a Public Policy Perspective. Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research. Dubai.
  • Van Duin, S. & Bakhsi, N. (2017). Part 1: Artificial intelligence defined: The most used terminology around it. Retrived from https://www2.deloitte.com/se/sv/pages/technology/articles/part1-artificial-intelligence-defined.html, Accessed December 24, 2021.
  • Van Manen (1990). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. State University of New York Press.
  • Von Krogh, G. (2018). Artificial intelligence in organizations: New opportunities for phenomenon-based theorizing. Academy of Management Discoveries, 4 (4), 404-409. https://doi.org/10.5465/amd.2018.008
  • Wagner, D. N. (2020). The nature of the artificially intelligent firm - an economic investigation into changes that AI brings to the firm. Telecommunications Policy, 44 (6), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101954
  • Wamba, S. F. (2022). Impact of artificial intelligence assimilation on firm performance: The mediating effects of organizational agility and customer agility. International Journal of Information Management, 67, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102544
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (12th ed.), Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, F. Z. (2024). The broken paradigm: A study of human resource analytics practices. Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 9 (Special Issue), 1-10.
  • Zandi, D., Reis, A., Vayenac, E.& Goodmand, K. (2019). New ethical challenges of digital technologies, machine learning and artificial intelligence in public health: A Call for Papers. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 97 (1), 2. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.227686
  • Zhao, T., Cui, J., Hu, J., Dai, Y. & Zhou, Y. (2022). Is artificial intelligence customer service satisfactory? Insights based on microblog data and user interviews. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 25 (2), 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2021.0155

ÇALIŞANLARIN YAPAY ZEKAYA (YZ) YÖNELİK DUYGULARININ İNCELENMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1 , 244 - 276 , 15.03.2025

Gözde Dilara Can , Ebru Tolay

https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1561404
https://izlik.org/JA22KT36DU

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çalışanların Yapay Zeka (YZ) için hissettikleri duyguları açığa çıkarmak ve YZ’nin gelecekteki gelişimi ve iş yaşamı üzerindeki olası etkileri konusundaki görüşlerini ve duygularını öğrenmektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, tümevarım yaklaşımı ve fenomenoloji araştırma deseni ile nitel bir araştırma tasarladık. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt ve kartopu örnekleme yöntemlerini kullanarak farklı sektörlerde çalışan 20 katılımcı belirledik ve onlarla görüşmeler yaptık. Verileri MAXQDA 2024 programı kullanarak içerik analizine tabi tuttuk ve elde ettiğimiz kategoriler ve kodlar üzerinde betimsel ve ilişkisel analizler gerçekleştirdik. Katılımcıların YZ ile ilgili anılarından oluşan öykülerinde en sık rastlanan duygunun şaşkınlık olduğunu; ancak bir süre sonra duruma alıştıklarını ve kendilerini daha rahat hissederek YZ’yi kullandıklarını tespit ettik. Katılımcıların YZ’ye mutluluk, merak, hayranlık ve heyecan gibi olumlu hisler beslerken aynı zamanda endişe, korku, öfke, hayal kırıklığı ve güvensizlik de hissettiğini belirledik. Katılımcıları en fazla şaşırtan ve onları en mutlu eden faktörlerin, YZ’nin hayatı daha kolay ve elverişli hale getirmesi ve hızı sayesinde insanlara özel hayatları için daha fazla zaman kazandırması olduğunu; onları en fazla endişelendiren ve korkutan faktörlerin ise işsizliğin artması ve YZ’nin insanları tembelliğe itmesi olduğunu bulduk. Katılımcıların YZ’nin sağlık, çevre, ekonomi gibi alanlarda insanlık için çok büyük faydalar yaratacağı konusunda umutlu olmakla birlikte kontrolden çıkmasından, biyolojik, kimyasal ve teknolojik savaşlarda kullanılmasından ve kitlesel düzeyde işsizliğe yol açmasından ciddi düzeyde endişe ve korku duyduğunu saptadık.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay Zeka YZ İnsan-Yapay Zeka Etkileşimi Duygular Nitel Araştırma

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, A., Gans, J. S., & Goldfarb, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence: The ambiguous labor market impact of automating prediction. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33 (2), 31-50. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.2.31
  • Aktepe, Ş. & Karakulle, İ. (2023). The use of artificial intelligence in providing competitive advantage in businesses: The case of mobile applications of e-commerce sites. Fenerbahce University Journal of Social Sciences, 3 (1), 30-46. https://doi.org/10.58620/fbujoss.1287967
  • APA, (2022). Anthropomorphism. Retrived from https://dictionary.apa.org/anthropomorphism. Accessed May 26, 2022.
  • Azeez, N. A., Lawal, A. O., Misra, S. & Oluranti, J. (2022). Machine learning approach for identifying suspicious uniform resource locators (URLs) on reddit social network. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 14 (6), 1618-1626. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2021.1977087
  • Baştan, S. (2003). Artificial intelligence, new communication technologies and organizational change: Towards the intelligent organization. Journal of Management and Economics, 10 (1), 187-203.
  • Benbya, H., Davenport, T. H. & Pachidi, S. (2020). Artificial intelligence in organizations: Current state and future opportunities. MIS Quarterly Executive, 19 (4), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3741983
  • Borana, J. (2016, March). Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Associated Technologies. Proceeding of International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Engineering, Biomedical, Management and Science (ETEBMS), Jodhpur.
  • Borau, S., Otterbring, T., Laporte, S. & Fosso Wamba, S. (2021). The most human bot: Female gendering increases humanness perceptions of bots and acceptance of AI. Psychology & Marketing, 38 (7), 1052–1068. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21480
  • Borghi, M., & Mariani, M. M. (2022). The role of emotions in the consumer meaning-making of interactions with social robots. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121844
  • Brock, J. K-U., & Von Wangenheim, F. (2019). Demystifying AI: What digital transformation leaders can teach you about realistic artificial intelligence. California Management Review, 61 (4), 110-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536504219865226
  • Büyük, E. (2023). Yapay Zekâ Teknikleri ile Personel Seçimi ve Değerlendirilmesi (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Chiu, Y-T., Zhu, Y-Q. & Corbett, J. (2021). In the hearts and minds of employees: A model of pre-adoptive appraisal toward artificial intelligence in organizations. International Journal of Information Management. 60, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt. 2021.102379
  • Christou, P., Simillidou, A. & Stylianou, M, C. (2020). Tourists’ perceptions regarding the use of anthropomorphic robots in tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32 (11), 3665-3683. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2020-0423
  • Creswell, J, W. (2021). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (6th ed.). M. Bütün & S. B. Demir (Translation Eds.), Siyasal Akademi.
  • Dastin, J. (2018). Amazon scraps secret AI recruiting tool that showed bias against women. Retrived from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-amazon-com-jobs-automation-%20insight-idUSKCN1MK08G/ Accessed December 22, 2021.
  • Davis, J. L., Shank, D. B., Love, T. P., Stefanik, C., & Wilson, A. (2022). Gender dynamics in human-AI role-taking. In W. Kalkhoff, S.R. Thye, & E. J. Lawler (Eds.), Advances in Group Processes (Vol. 39, pp. 1-22). Emerald Publishing Limited Leeds.
  • Dwivedi, Y, K., Hughes, L., Ismagilova, E., Aarts, G., Coombs, C., Crick, T. … & Williams, M, D. (2021). Artificial intelligence (AI): Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management. 57, 1-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.08.002
  • Ekman, P. & Cordaro, D. (2011). What is meant by calling emotions basic. Emotion Review, 3 (4), 364–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410740
  • Epley, N., Waytz, A. & Cacioppo, J, T. (2007). On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism. Psychological Review, 114 (4), 864–886. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.114.4.864
  • Erkutlu, H. V, Erdemir Ergün, E., Köseoğlu, İ. & Vurgun, T. (2023). Artificial intelligence and organizational behavior. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Journal of ISS. 13 (3), 1403-1417. https://doi.org/10.30783/ nevsosbilen.1246678
  • European Commission. (2017). Attitudes towards the impact of digitisation and automation on daily life. Shaping Europe’s Digital Future. Retrieved from https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/news/attitudes-towards-impact-digitisation-and-automation-daily-life Accessed December 20, 2021.
  • Ferik, I, F. (2003). Yapay Zekâ Kavramının Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Fineman, S. (2001). Emotions and organizational control. In R. L. Payne & C. L. Cooper (eds.), Emotions at Work: Theory: Research and Applications for Management (pp. 219-237). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Glikson, E. & Woolley, A. W. (2020). Human trust in artificial intelligence: Review of empirical research. Academy of Management Annals, 14 (2), 627-660. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2018.0057
  • Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books.
  • Gray, K. & Wegner, D., M. (2012). Feeling robots and human zombies: Mind perception and the uncanny valley. Cognition, 125 (1), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.007
  • Haenlein, M. & Kaplan, A. (2019). A brief history of artificial intelligence: On the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence. California Management Review. 61 (4), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619864925
  • Hasija, A. & Esper, T. L. (2022). In artificial intelligence (AI) we trust: A qualitative investigation of AI technology acceptance. Journal of Business Logistics, 43 (3), 388-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12301
  • Hauer, T. (2017). Technological determinism and new media. International Journal of English, Literature and Social Science (IJELS). 2 (2), 1-4.
  • Hawking, S., Russell, S., Tegmark, M. & Wilczek, F. (2014). Stephen Hawking: Transcendence looks at the implications of artificial intelligence - but are we taking AI seriously enough? The Independent. Retrived from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/stephen-hawking-transcendence-looks-at-the-implications-of-artificial-intelligence-but-are-we-taking-ai-seriously-enough-9313474.html Accessed April 12, 2023.
  • Héder, M. (2021). AI and the resurrection of technological determinism. Információs Társadalom, 21 (2), 119-130. https://dx.doi.org/10.22503/inftars.XXI.2021.2.8
  • Hill, J., Ford, W. R., & Farreras, I. G. (2015). Real conversations with artificial intelligence: A comparison between human–human online conversations and human–chatbot conversations. Computers in human behavior, 49, 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.026
  • Hornung, O. & Smolnik, S. (2022). AI invading the workplace: Negative emotions towards the organizational use of personal virtual assistants. Electronic Markets, 32 (1), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-021-00493-0
  • Huang, L., Joseph, A. D., Nelson, B., Rubinstein, B. I. P. & Tygar, J. D. (2011, October). Adversarial Machine Learning. Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Security and Artificial Intelligence, Illinois.
  • Huang, M. H. & Rust, R. T. (2018). Artificial intelligence in service. Journal of Service Research, 21 (2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670517752459
  • Huang M. H., Rust, R. & Maksimovic, V. (2019). The feeling economy: Managing in the next generation of artificial intelligence (AI). California Management Review, 61 (4), 43-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619863436
  • Hughes, C., Robert, L., Frady, K. & Arroyos, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence, employee engagement, fairness, and job outcomes. In E. Perry (Ed.) Managing technology and middle- and low-skilled employees: The changing context of managing people. (pp. 61-68). Emerald Publishing Limited.
  • Kaplan, A. & Haenlein, M. (2019). Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons. 62 (1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.004
  • Kaplan, A. & Haenlein, M. (2020). Rulers of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons, 63 (1), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.09.003
  • Kılıç Kırılmaz, S. & Ateş, Ç. (2021). Use of artificial intelligence in recruitments: A conceptual assessment. Journal of Business and Trade. 2 (1), 37-48.
  • Kılınç, İ., & Ünal, A. (2019). AI is the new black: Effects of artificial intelligence on business World. Journal of Contemporary Administrative Science, 6 (2), 238-258.
  • Kianpour, M. & Wen S. F. (2020). Timing Attacks on Machine Learning: State of the Art. Proceedings of the 2019 Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys) Volume 1 (pp. 111- 125). Springer International Publishing.
  • Köse, U. (2020). Enterprises of the future within the framework of ethical artificial intelligence: Transformation and paradigm changes. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design. 8 (5), 289-304. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.833224
  • Kushawa, A. K., Pharswan, R., Kumar, P. & Kar, A. K. (2023). How do users feel when they use artificial intelligence for decision making? A framework for assessing users’ perception. Information Systems Frontiers, 25, 1241-1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10796-022-10293-2
  • Li, X. & Sung, Y. (2021). Anthropomorphism brings us closer: The mediating role of psychological distance in user–AI assistant interactions. Computers in Human Behavior. 118, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106680
  • Makridakis, S. (2017). The forthcoming artificial intelligence (AI) revolution: Its impact on society and firms. Future, 90, 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.03.006
  • McCarthy, J. (2004). What is artificial intelligence? Retrived from http://www.formal.stanford. edu/jmc/whatisai/. Accessed November 28, 2021.
  • Mori, M. (2012). The uncanny valley. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine. Translated By: K. F. MacDorman & N. Kageki. 19, 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2012.2192811
  • Nabiyev, V. (2021). Yapay zekâ: Makine öğrenmesi, stratejili oyunlar, örüntü tanıma, doğal dil işleme. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Noy, C. (2008). Knowledge: The hermeneutics of snowball sampling in qualitative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11 (4), 327-344.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2018). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (3th ed.). Translation Eds. M. Bütün & S. B. Demir. Pegem Akademi.
  • Plutchik, R. (1962). The emotions: Facts, theories, and a new model. Random House.
  • Plutchik, R. (1982). A psych evolutionary theory of emotions. Social Science Information, 21(4-5), 529–553. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901882021004003
  • Plutchik, R. (2001). The nature of emotions. American Scientist, 89(4), 344-350.
  • Saavedra-Rivano, N. (2019, July). AI and Us: Existential Risk or Transformational Tool? Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 18th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC). Milano.
  • Santos, G. M. (2018). Emotions and acceptance towards artificial intelligence and its evolution. (Unpublished master dissertation). University of Lisbon.
  • Say, C. (2018). 50 soruda yapay zekâ. (6th ed.). Bilim ve Gelecek Kitaplığı.
  • Scribano, A. & Maria, M. V. (2021) Narratives, emotions and artificial intelligence: A reading of artificial intelligence from emotions. SN Social Sciences. 1 (9), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-021-00237-z
  • Shank, D. B., Graves, C., Gott, A., Gamez, P. & Rodriguez, S. (2019). Feeling our way to machine minds: People’s emotions when perceiving mind in artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 256-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.001
  • Shank, D., B. & Gott, A. (2020). Exposed by AIs! People personally witness artificial intelligence exposing personal information and exposing people to undesirable content. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. 36(17), 1636-1645. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1768674
  • Shank, D, B., Bowen, M., Burns, A. & Dew, M. (2021). Humans are perceived as better, but weaker, than artificial intelligence: A comparison of affective impressions of humans, AIs, and computer systems in roles on teams. Computers in Human Behavior Reports. 3, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100092
  • Shayganfar, M., Rich, C., Sidner, C. & Hylák, B. (2019, September). “It was not Your Fault”- Emotional Awareness Improves Collaborative Robots. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Humanized Computing and Communication (HCC) (pp. 7- 15), IEEE Computer Society, California.
  • Siau, K. & Wang, W. (2018). Building trust in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics. Cutter Business Technology Journal, 31 (2), 47-53.
  • Tambe, P., Cappelli, P. & Yakubovich, V. (2019). Artificial intelligence in human resources management: Challenges and a path forward. California Management Review. 61 (4), 15-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619867910
  • Tolay, E. & Gürcan, N. (2023). Teknolojik determinizm, endüstri 4.0 ve yapay zekâ. In E. T. Demirel (Ed.), Teknolojik determinism: Geleceğe bakış ve çok yönlü analiz (pp. 569-600). Beta Yayınevi.
  • Valle-Cruz, D., Ruvalcaba-Gomez, E. A., Sandoval-Almazan, R. & Criado, J. I. (2019, June). A Review of Artificial Intelligence in Government and Its Potential from a Public Policy Perspective. Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research. Dubai.
  • Van Duin, S. & Bakhsi, N. (2017). Part 1: Artificial intelligence defined: The most used terminology around it. Retrived from https://www2.deloitte.com/se/sv/pages/technology/articles/part1-artificial-intelligence-defined.html, Accessed December 24, 2021.
  • Van Manen (1990). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. State University of New York Press.
  • Von Krogh, G. (2018). Artificial intelligence in organizations: New opportunities for phenomenon-based theorizing. Academy of Management Discoveries, 4 (4), 404-409. https://doi.org/10.5465/amd.2018.008
  • Wagner, D. N. (2020). The nature of the artificially intelligent firm - an economic investigation into changes that AI brings to the firm. Telecommunications Policy, 44 (6), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101954
  • Wamba, S. F. (2022). Impact of artificial intelligence assimilation on firm performance: The mediating effects of organizational agility and customer agility. International Journal of Information Management, 67, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102544
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (12th ed.), Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, F. Z. (2024). The broken paradigm: A study of human resource analytics practices. Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 9 (Special Issue), 1-10.
  • Zandi, D., Reis, A., Vayenac, E.& Goodmand, K. (2019). New ethical challenges of digital technologies, machine learning and artificial intelligence in public health: A Call for Papers. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 97 (1), 2. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.227686
  • Zhao, T., Cui, J., Hu, J., Dai, Y. & Zhou, Y. (2022). Is artificial intelligence customer service satisfactory? Insights based on microblog data and user interviews. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 25 (2), 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2021.0155
Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Strateji, Yönetim ve Örgütsel Davranış (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gözde Dilara Can 0009-0004-8005-7396

Ebru Tolay 0000-0001-5363-8823

Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2024
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Şubat 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1561404
IZ https://izlik.org/JA22KT36DU
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Can, G. D., & Tolay, E. (2025). EXAMINING EMPLOYEES’ EMOTIONS TOWARDS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI): A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(1), 244-276. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1561404

Cited By

Comunicación y creatividad en la era de la inteligencia artificial: entre la eficiencia y la autenticidad
Religación
https://doi.org/10.46652/rgn.v10i47.1562
Comparative study of English learning emotions
Interaction Studies. Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems
https://doi.org/10.1075/is.24064.alb

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Aile Yılı Özel Sayısı Çağrısı
Sayı Editörü
Prof. Dr. NEBİYE KONUK KANDEMİR

Sevgili Araştırmacılar ve Değerli Yazarlar,
Aile, toplumun temel yapı taşıdır ve bireylerin gelişimi ile sosyal yaşamın şekillenmesinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Aile yapıları ve dinamikleri, tarihsel, kültürel ve toplumsal faktörlerle şekillenirken, bu faktörlerin aile içerisinde yaşanan sorunları, ilişkileri ve güç dengelerini nasıl etkilediği büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. 2025 yılı "Aile Yılı" olarak ilan edilmesi, aile olgusunun daha geniş bir perspektiften ele alınmasını ve bu konudaki farkındalığın artırılmasını hedeflemektedir.
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, "Cilt: 28 Sayı: Özel Sayı" olarak 2026 yılında yayımlanacak olan Aile Yılı Özel Sayısı'na yönelik makale çağrısında bulunmaktadır. Bu özel sayı, aile yapılarını, rollerini ve dinamiklerini inceleyen çalışmalara ev sahipliği yapmayı hedeflemektedir.
Aile ile ilgili çalışmalara olan ihtiyaç, yalnızca bireysel düzeyde değil, toplumsal düzeyde de açıktır. Son yıllarda, aile içi ilişkilerin sağlıklı bir şekilde sürdürülmesi, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği, kadın hakları, çocuk sağlığı ve eğitim gibi konular ön plana çıkmış, bu konularda yapılacak bilimsel araştırmaların önemi artmıştır. Aile Yılı Özel Sayısı'nın hazırlanması, bu kritik meselelerin sistematik bir biçimde incelenmesine ve topluma duyurulmasına olanak sağlayacaktır.
Bu özel sayı, aile dinamiklerini, ilişkilerini ve sorunlarını derinlemesine inceleyen, özgün ve yenilikçi çalışmaları bir araya getirerek, alanında önemli bir kaynak oluşturmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, uzmanların görüşleri ve çeşitli disiplinlerden gelen katkılar sayesinde, aile kavramına dair güncel bakış açıları sunulacak, toplumsal fayda sağlanacaktır.
Aşağıda, özel sayıda kabul edilebilecek (ama bunlarla sınırlı olmayan) güncellenmiş konular listesi yer almaktadır:

• Aile Yapıları ve Değişimi
• Geleneksel ve Modern Aile Rolleri
• Aile İçi İletişim ve İlişkiler
• Ailedeki Psiko-Sosyal Dinamikler
• Aile İlişkilerinde Kültürel Farklılıklar
• Evlilik ve Boşanma Dinamikleri
• Aile ve Çocuk Gelişimi
• Ebeveynlik Stilleri ve Çocuk Üzerindeki Etkileri
• Aile Ekonomisi ve Sosyal Politika
• Aileyi Etkileyen Toplumsal Değişimler
• Aile ve Eğitim İlişkisi
• Ailede Şiddet ve Koruma Mekanizmaları
• Aile İçi Sağlık ve Refah
• Kadınların Aile İçindeki Rolü ve Değişen Dinamikleri
• Kadın Hakları ve Aile İlişkileri
• Kadının Aile Üyeleriyle İlişkileri ve Güç Dinamikleri
• Ailede Cinsiyet Eşitliği
İki bağımsız anonim hakem tarafından değerlendirmeden geçecek makaleler, kabul edilmesi halinde, Aralık 2026'da yayımlanacak özel sayımızda yer alacaktır. Gelecek sayıların dolmuş olması ve süreçte makale yoğunluğunun bulunması nedeniyle dergimiz, özel sayı dışında makale kabulüne kapalıdır. Özel sayı dışında dergimize gönderilen makaleler iade edilecektir.
Saygılarımızla