BULGAR FOLKLORUNDA SİMGELER VE ANLAMLARI: KÜLTÜREL SOSYOLOJİK BİR ÇÖZÜMLEME

Öz

Bu çalışma, Bulgar folklorundaki temel unsurların tarihsel kökenlerini, toplumsal işlevlerini, kültürel anlamlarını ve modernleşme sürecindeki dönüşümlerini kapsamlı olarak araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Osmanlı dönemi, Çarlık dönemi, sosyalist rejim ve günümüzdeki post-sosyalist döneme uzanan tarihsel süreçte; halk dansları, geleneksel nakışlar, halk inançları ve festivaller gibi folklorik unsurlar ele alınmış ve bu ögelerin Bulgar kolektif kimliğinin inşası ile korunmasındaki rolleri incelenmiştir. Kültürel sosyoloji perspektifinden hareketle disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel yöntem çerçevesinde, karşılaştırmalı tarihsel analiz vurgusuyla çok boyutlu simgeselliğin içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu teknik aracılığıyla Marteniçka bileklikleri, Kukeri maskeli ritüelleri ve geleneksel nakış motifleri gibi belli başlı unsurların çok katmanlı anlamları derinlemesine çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın temel bulguları, Bulgar folkloruna özgü simgelerin bir yandan tarihsel belleği canlı tuttuğunu ve toplumsal dayanışmayı pekiştirdiğini, diğer yandan modernleşme süreci ve turizmin etkisiyle biçimsel değişimlere uğradığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Bulgar folklorundaki simgelerin tarihsel sürekliliğin ve kültürel belleğin taşıyıcısı olma, etnik-dini kimliği ifade etme ve toplumsal dayanışmayı sağlama gibi temel işlevlere sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bulgar Folkloru
• Ritüel
• Simge
• Kültürel Anlam
• Toplumsal İşlev

SYMBOLS AND THEIR MEANINGS IN BULGARIAN FOLKLORE: A CULTURAL SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Öz

This study aims to comprehensively investigate the fundamental elements of Bulgarian folklore in terms of their historical origins, social functions, cultural meanings, and the transformations they underwent during the modernization process. In the historical process spanning the Ottoman period, the Tsarist era, the socialist regime, and the current post-socialist era, folkloric elements such as folk dances, traditional embroidery, folk beliefs, and festivals were examined in terms of their roles in the construction and preservation of Bulgarian collective identity. Drawing on a cultural sociological perspective, an interdisciplinary approach was adopted. Within a qualitative research framework, a content analysis technique focusing on multi-dimensional symbolism was used. Using this technique – and conducting the study from a comparative historical perspective – the multi-layered meanings of key elements such as Martenitsa bracelets, Kukeri masked rituals, and traditional embroidery motifs were analyzed in depth. The key findings of the research show that Bulgarian folklore symbols serve, on one hand, to keep historical memory alive and strengthen social solidarity, while on the other hand they undergo changes in form under the influence of modernization and tourism. In conclusion, the study determined that symbols in Bulgarian folklore function as carriers of historical continuity and cultural memory, express ethnic and religious identity, and foster social solidarity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bulgarian Folklore
• Ritual
• Symbol
• Cultural Meaning
• Social Function

Kaynakça

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