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ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY: TRADE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AUSTRIA AND FRANCE

Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4 29 Aralık 2025
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ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY: TRADE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AUSTRIA AND FRANCE

Öz

In today's global economy, trade wars have become a significant factor in the competition between countries. To gain insight into the policies that influence a nation's economic prosperity, it is crucial to examine the historical underpinnings of trade wars and the protectionist policies that have shaped them. Although theoretical studies have been conducted in this direction, content analysis of trade agreements in the mercantilist period, is limited. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the origins of economic policy differences in the foreign trade agreements of the United Kingdom, which became rich as a result of industrialization and mercantilist policies, with three different states (France, Austria and the Ottoman Empire). Data were obtained by analyzing foreign trade agreements from the British archives. In this context, a comparative analysis was made by standardizing the customs duties applied to the United Kingdom's trade of 22 products with three different states in terms of the current currency. In addition, to compare tariffs, an Average Protectionism Index (API) was developed based on the tariffs of 22 products. The analysis revealed that Britain applied mercantilist policies to three different states with different degrees of mercantilist policies, and that the Ottoman Empire, which applied the capitulation policy, suffered more economic damage than the other two states.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Kaynakça

  1. Alimento, A. & Stapelbroek, K. (2017). Trade and treaties: balancing the interstate system, In A. Alimento & K. Stapelbroek (Eds.), The politics of commercial treaties in the eighteenth century: balance of power, balance of trade (pp. 1-75). Springer International Publishing.
  2. Andriot, A. (2023). Classical liberalism in France, from the middle of the 19th century to World War i: strengths and paradoxes of a thwarted society project Perspektiven auf die Romania, (11), 196-212.
  3. Berend, I. (2012). An economic history of nineteenth-century Europe: diversity and industrialization. Cambridge University Press.
  4. Berkes, N. (2013). Türkiye iktisat tarihi, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  5. Good, David F. (1984). The economic rise of the Habsburg Empire: 1750-1914. University of California Press.
  6. Gücüm, K. (2015). İmparatorluğun liberal yılları (1856 -1870). Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  7. Horn, J. (2006). The path not taken: French industrialization in the age of revolution 1750-1830. MIT Press.
  8. Hunt, E.K. (2009). İktisadi düşünce tarihi. Dost Kitabevi.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Makro İktisat (Diğer), Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer), Maliye Çalışmaları (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

29 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

9 Nisan 2025

Kabul Tarihi

3 Eylül 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA
Özgül, H. B., & Güripek, M. C. (2025). ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY: TRADE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AUSTRIA AND FRANCE. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(4), 1544-1563. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1672852
AMA
1.Özgül HB, Güripek MC. ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY: TRADE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AUSTRIA AND FRANCE. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2025;27(4):1544-1563. doi:10.16953/deusosbil.1672852
Chicago
Özgül, Hüseyin Burak, ve Mustafa Can Güripek. 2025. “ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY: TRADE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AUSTRIA AND FRANCE”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 27 (4): 1544-63. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1672852.
EndNote
Özgül HB, Güripek MC (01 Aralık 2025) ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY: TRADE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AUSTRIA AND FRANCE. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 27 4 1544–1563.
IEEE
[1]H. B. Özgül ve M. C. Güripek, “ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY: TRADE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AUSTRIA AND FRANCE”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 27, sy 4, ss. 1544–1563, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.16953/deusosbil.1672852.
ISNAD
Özgül, Hüseyin Burak - Güripek, Mustafa Can. “ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY: TRADE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AUSTRIA AND FRANCE”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 27/4 (01 Aralık 2025): 1544-1563. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1672852.
JAMA
1.Özgül HB, Güripek MC. ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY: TRADE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AUSTRIA AND FRANCE. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2025;27:1544–1563.
MLA
Özgül, Hüseyin Burak, ve Mustafa Can Güripek. “ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY: TRADE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AUSTRIA AND FRANCE”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 27, sy 4, Aralık 2025, ss. 1544-63, doi:10.16953/deusosbil.1672852.
Vancouver
1.Hüseyin Burak Özgül, Mustafa Can Güripek. ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY: TRADE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AUSTRIA AND FRANCE. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 01 Aralık 2025;27(4):1544-63. doi:10.16953/deusosbil.1672852