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ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KAHVE VE KAHVELİ İÇECEKLERİ SATIN ALMA VE TÜKETME MOTİFLERİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4, 1924 - 1952, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1830730

Öz

Dünyada en çok tüketilen içeceklerin başında gelen kahve sadece zengin tarihi ve kültürel geçmişi ile değil günümüzde sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel etkileri olan bir ürünü temsil etmektedir. Kahveli ürünlere artan ilgi kahveyi bazı ekonomiler için önemli bir kalkınma aracına dönüşmektedir. Modern hayatta kahveli içeceklere yüklenen fonksiyonel ve sembolik anlamlar değişen ve gelişen tüketim alışkanlıklarına da işaret etmektedir. Nitel bir araştırma desenine sahip bu çalışmada Z kuşağı üniversiteli Türk öğrencilerin kahve ve kahveli içecekleri satın alma ve tüketme motifleri incelenmiş, kahve tüketiminin sağlık iddialarıyla ilişkisi de değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre öğrenciler kahve ve kahveli içecekler hususunda seçici bir tüketici kimliğine bürünmekte, kahve onlar için günlük rutinin bir parçası haline gelmekte, kahvede kalite, tazelik, tat ve bol çeşit gibi kriterler satın alma motivasyonunu etkilemektedir. Kafeinin sağlık üzerindeki etkisi hususunda da farkındalık geliştiğinden gerek kafeinsiz ürünler gerekse sosyal medya etkileşimleri tüketimi ve yeni denemeleri teşvik etmekte, kahveye fonksiyonel ve sembolik pek çok anlam yüklenmekte, böylelikle bu genç tüketici grubundaki talep yükselişi Türkiye’de gelişme potansiyeli yüksek bir kahve pazarına işaret etmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Agoston, C., Urban, R., Krialy, O., Griffiths, M.D., Rogers, P.J. & Demetrovics, Z. (2018). Why do you drink caffeine? The development of the motives for caffeine consumption questionnaire (MCCQ) and its relationship with gender, age and the types of caffeinated beverages. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16, 981-999.
  • Alaa Hammami, M.B., Al Shaikh, Y.G., Hashem, A.M., Mukhles Adi, O.M., Ahmed Aal Yaseen, I., El Menawy, Z.M. & Elmoselhi, A.B. (2018) Caffeine consumption levels and knowledge among adults in the United Arab Emirates: Insights from a nation wide survey. Journal of Caffeine and Adenosine Research, 8(2), 71-79.
  • Anagnostou, A., Ingenbleek, P.T.M. & Van Trijp, H.C.M. (2015). Sustainability labelling as a challenge to legitimacy: Spillover effects of organic fairtrade coffee on consumer perceptions of mainstream products and retailers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 32(6), 422-431.
  • APA DSM-5 Table of Contents, (2025). Erişim Adresi https://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Practice/DSM/APA_DSM-5-Contents.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 3.12.24
  • Bala, S., Singh, G., Arora, R. & Devanshika, R. (2024). Impact of caffeine consumption on stress management and stamina among university students. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(2), 253-59.
  • Berg, B.L. (2001). Qualitative research methods for social scientists. Boston. Allyn & Bacon.
  • Bhumiratana, N., Adhikari, K. & Chambers, E. (2014). The development of an emotion lexicon for the coffee drinking experience. Food Research International, 61, 83-92.
  • Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2),77–101.
  • Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2012).Thematic analysis. İçinde: Cooper, H., Camic, P.M., Long, D.L., Panter, A.T., Rindskopf, D., Sher, K.J. (Eds.) APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology, Research Designs, vol. 2, pp. 57–71. American Psychological Association, Washington.
  • Brice, C.F. & Smith, A.P. (2002). Effects of caffeine on mood and performance: A study of realistic consumption. Psychopharmacology, 164, 188-192.
  • Butt, M.S. & Sultan, M.T. (2011). Coffee and its consumption: benefits and risks. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(4), 363–373.
  • Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D. & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: Complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661.
  • Cappelletti, S., Piacentino, D., Sani, G. & Aromatario, M. (2015). Caffeine: Cognitive and Physical Performance Enhancer or Psychoactive Drug? Current Neuropharmacology, 13(1), 71-88.
  • Carvalho, N.B., Minim, V.P.R., Nascimento, M., Vidigal, M.C.T.R., Ferreira, M.A.M., Gonçalves, A.C.A. & Minim, L.A. (2015). A discriminant function for validation of the cluster analysis and behavioral prediction of the coffee market. Food Research International, 77, 400–407.
  • Coffee Market Analysis & Forecast: 2025-2032. (2025). Coffee Market Analysis. Erişim Adresi https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/coffee-market-5615. Erişim Tarihi: 5.12.24
  • Coffee Market 2025-2030. (2023). Coffee Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Roasted, Instant, Ready to Drink), By Nature (Conventional, Organic), By Distribution Channel (B2B, B2C), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2024-2030. Erişim Adresi https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/coffee-market. Erişim Tarihi: 5.12.24
  • Coffee–Worldwide. (2024). Erişim Adresi https://www.statista.com/outlook/cmo/hot-drinks/coffee/worldwide. Erişim Tarihi: 5.12.24
  • Dorea, J.G. & Costa T.H.M. (2005). Is coffee a functional food? British Journal of Nutrition, 93, 773-782.
  • Dukes, S. (1984). Phenomenological methodology in the human sciences. Journal of Religion and Health, 23(3), 197-203.
  • Edicao, Q. (2022). O Guia do Cafe. ITC. Genebra. Erişim Adresi https://www.intracen.org/resources/publications/o-guia-do-cafe-quarta-edicao. Erişim Tarihi: 8.12.24
  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). (2015). Caffeine risk assessment report. Erişim Adresi https://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/corporate_publications/files/efsaexplainscaffeine150527.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 8.12.24
  • Geel, L., Kinnear, M. & Kock, H.L. (2005). Relating consumer preferences to sensory attributes of instant coffee. Food Quality and Preference, 16, 237-244.
  • Gera, M., Kalra, S. & Gupta, P. (2016). Caffeine intake among adolescents in Delhi. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 41(2), 151-3.
  • Gornicka, M, Pierzynowska, J., Kaniewska, E., Kossakowska, K. & Wozniak, A. (2014). School pupils and university students surveyed for drinking beverages containing caffeine. Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene (Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig), 65(2),113-117.
  • Graham, K. (1988). Reasons for consumption and heavy caffeine use: Generalization of a model based on alcohol research. Addictive Behaviors, 13(2), 209-214.
  • Hammad, S.S. & Tukan, S.K. (2013). Caffeine: Sources and Reasons for Consumption Among University Students. Journal of Nutritional Ecology and Food Research, 1(4), 315-321.
  • Hancock, D.R. & Algozzine, B. (2006). Doing case study research - a practical guide for beginning researchers. New York. Teachers Collage Press.
  • Heinz, A.J., Kassel, J.D. & Smith, E.V. (2009). Caffeine expectancy: Instrument development in the Rasch measurement framework. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(3), 500-511.
  • Hering-Hanit, R. & Gadoth, N. (2003). Caffeine induced headache in children and adolescents. Cephalalgia, 23, 332-35.
  • Hewlett P. & Wadsworth, E. (2012). Tea, coffee and associated lifestyle factors. British Food Journal, 114(3), 416–427.
  • Huntley, E.D. & Juliano, L.M. (2012). Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ): construction, psychometric properties, and associations with caffeine use, caffeine dependence, and other related variables. Psychological Assessment, 24(3), 592-607.
  • International Coffee Organization (ICO). (2011). ICC 102-10 Rules. Erişim Adresi https://www.ico.org/documents/icc-102-10e-rules-statistical-reports-final.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 9.12.24
  • International Coffee Organization (ICO). (2024). Sustainability & resilience of the coffee global value chain: Towards a coffee investment vehicle. Erişim Adresi https://www.icocoffee.org/documents/cy2023-24/report-global-coffee-funding-mechanisms-june-2024-e.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 9.12.24
  • Jamal, N.F. (2024). Caffeine consumption pattern and perception of its effect among university students in Malaysia. The International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), VIII(IIIS), 3219-26.
  • Jones, E. (2016). Consumer preferences for coffee: Hot and Wet, or Quality and Flavor? Journal of Food Products Marketing, 22(3), 350-380.
  • Keegan, S.F. (2009). Qualitative research good decision making through understanding people, cultures and markets. Londra: Kogan Page Publishing.
  • Khan, M.S., Nisar, N., Naqvi, S.A.A. & Nawab. F. (2017). Caffeine consumption and academicperformance among medical students of Dow University of Health Science (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan. Annals of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical & Dental College, 22(3), 179-84.
  • Klopotek, N. & Dmowski, P. (2022). Economic and quality determinants of yerba mate, tea and coffee consumption. Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University, 121(22), 53-66.
  • Labbe, D., Ferrage, A., Rytz, A., Pace, J. & Martin, N. (2015). Pleasantness, emotions and perceptions induced by coffee beverage experience depend on the consumption motivation (hedonic or utilitarian). Food Quality and Preference, 44, 56-61.
  • Lincoln, Y.S. & Guba, E.G. (1985), Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publications, USA.
  • Lu, S. (2015). Too much coffee? Erişim Adresi https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2015/11/coffee#:~:text=A%20daily%20dose%20of%20400,particularly%20sensitive%20to%20caffeine's%20effects. Erişim Tarihi: 9.12.24
  • Mackus, M., Loo, A.J.A.E., Benson, S., Scholey, A. & Verster, J.C. (2016). Consumption of caffeinated beverages and the awareness of their caffeine content among Dutch students. Appetite, 103, 353-357.
  • Mahoney, C.R., Giles, G.E., Marriott, B.P., Judelson, D.A., Glickman, E,L., Geiselman, P.J. & Lieberman, H.R. (2019). Intake of caffeine from all sources and reasons for use by college students. Clinical Nutrition, 38, 668-675.
  • Manzo, J. (2014). Machines, people, and social interaction in “ third-wave ” coffeehouses. Journal of Arts and Humanities (JAH), 3(8), 1-12.
  • Morse, J. (1994). Designing funded qualitative research. N. Denzin ve Y. Lincoln (Ed.). Handbook for qualitative research içinde (s. 220–235). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Nakip, M. & Yaraş, E. (2017). SPSS uygulamalı pazarlamada araştırma teknikleri (4. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Nawrot, P., Jordan, S., Eastwood, J., Rotstein, J., Hugenholtz, A. & Feeley, M. (2003). Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Additives & Contaminants, 20(1), 1-30.
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CONSUMPTION AND PURCHASING MOTIVES FOR COFFEE AND COFFEE-BASED BEVERAGES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4, 1924 - 1952, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1830730

Öz

Coffee, one of the most consumed beverages in the world, represents a product not only with its rich history and cultural heritage but also with social, economic, and cultural impacts today. The increasing interest in coffee products is transforming coffee into a significant development tool for some economies. The functional and symbolic meanings attributed to coffee beverages in modern life also point to changing and evolving consumption habits. This qualitative research study examined the purchasing and consumption patterns of coffee and coffee beverages among Turkish Generation Z university students and evaluated the relationship between coffee consumption and health claims. The results indicate that students are becoming discerning consumers of coffee and coffee beverages. Coffee has become a part of their daily routine, and criteria such as quality, freshness, taste, and a wide variety of coffee options influence purchasing motivation. As awareness of the health impact of caffeine increases, both decaffeinated products and social media interactions encourage consumption and new experiments. Coffee is imbued with numerous functional and symbolic meanings. Consequently, the rise in demand among this young consumer group points to a coffee market with high potential for growth in Turkey.

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval has been obtained for this study.

Kaynakça

  • Agoston, C., Urban, R., Krialy, O., Griffiths, M.D., Rogers, P.J. & Demetrovics, Z. (2018). Why do you drink caffeine? The development of the motives for caffeine consumption questionnaire (MCCQ) and its relationship with gender, age and the types of caffeinated beverages. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16, 981-999.
  • Alaa Hammami, M.B., Al Shaikh, Y.G., Hashem, A.M., Mukhles Adi, O.M., Ahmed Aal Yaseen, I., El Menawy, Z.M. & Elmoselhi, A.B. (2018) Caffeine consumption levels and knowledge among adults in the United Arab Emirates: Insights from a nation wide survey. Journal of Caffeine and Adenosine Research, 8(2), 71-79.
  • Anagnostou, A., Ingenbleek, P.T.M. & Van Trijp, H.C.M. (2015). Sustainability labelling as a challenge to legitimacy: Spillover effects of organic fairtrade coffee on consumer perceptions of mainstream products and retailers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 32(6), 422-431.
  • APA DSM-5 Table of Contents, (2025). Erişim Adresi https://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Practice/DSM/APA_DSM-5-Contents.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 3.12.24
  • Bala, S., Singh, G., Arora, R. & Devanshika, R. (2024). Impact of caffeine consumption on stress management and stamina among university students. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(2), 253-59.
  • Berg, B.L. (2001). Qualitative research methods for social scientists. Boston. Allyn & Bacon.
  • Bhumiratana, N., Adhikari, K. & Chambers, E. (2014). The development of an emotion lexicon for the coffee drinking experience. Food Research International, 61, 83-92.
  • Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2),77–101.
  • Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2012).Thematic analysis. İçinde: Cooper, H., Camic, P.M., Long, D.L., Panter, A.T., Rindskopf, D., Sher, K.J. (Eds.) APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology, Research Designs, vol. 2, pp. 57–71. American Psychological Association, Washington.
  • Brice, C.F. & Smith, A.P. (2002). Effects of caffeine on mood and performance: A study of realistic consumption. Psychopharmacology, 164, 188-192.
  • Butt, M.S. & Sultan, M.T. (2011). Coffee and its consumption: benefits and risks. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(4), 363–373.
  • Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D. & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: Complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661.
  • Cappelletti, S., Piacentino, D., Sani, G. & Aromatario, M. (2015). Caffeine: Cognitive and Physical Performance Enhancer or Psychoactive Drug? Current Neuropharmacology, 13(1), 71-88.
  • Carvalho, N.B., Minim, V.P.R., Nascimento, M., Vidigal, M.C.T.R., Ferreira, M.A.M., Gonçalves, A.C.A. & Minim, L.A. (2015). A discriminant function for validation of the cluster analysis and behavioral prediction of the coffee market. Food Research International, 77, 400–407.
  • Coffee Market Analysis & Forecast: 2025-2032. (2025). Coffee Market Analysis. Erişim Adresi https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/coffee-market-5615. Erişim Tarihi: 5.12.24
  • Coffee Market 2025-2030. (2023). Coffee Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Roasted, Instant, Ready to Drink), By Nature (Conventional, Organic), By Distribution Channel (B2B, B2C), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2024-2030. Erişim Adresi https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/coffee-market. Erişim Tarihi: 5.12.24
  • Coffee–Worldwide. (2024). Erişim Adresi https://www.statista.com/outlook/cmo/hot-drinks/coffee/worldwide. Erişim Tarihi: 5.12.24
  • Dorea, J.G. & Costa T.H.M. (2005). Is coffee a functional food? British Journal of Nutrition, 93, 773-782.
  • Dukes, S. (1984). Phenomenological methodology in the human sciences. Journal of Religion and Health, 23(3), 197-203.
  • Edicao, Q. (2022). O Guia do Cafe. ITC. Genebra. Erişim Adresi https://www.intracen.org/resources/publications/o-guia-do-cafe-quarta-edicao. Erişim Tarihi: 8.12.24
  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). (2015). Caffeine risk assessment report. Erişim Adresi https://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/corporate_publications/files/efsaexplainscaffeine150527.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 8.12.24
  • Geel, L., Kinnear, M. & Kock, H.L. (2005). Relating consumer preferences to sensory attributes of instant coffee. Food Quality and Preference, 16, 237-244.
  • Gera, M., Kalra, S. & Gupta, P. (2016). Caffeine intake among adolescents in Delhi. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 41(2), 151-3.
  • Gornicka, M, Pierzynowska, J., Kaniewska, E., Kossakowska, K. & Wozniak, A. (2014). School pupils and university students surveyed for drinking beverages containing caffeine. Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene (Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig), 65(2),113-117.
  • Graham, K. (1988). Reasons for consumption and heavy caffeine use: Generalization of a model based on alcohol research. Addictive Behaviors, 13(2), 209-214.
  • Hammad, S.S. & Tukan, S.K. (2013). Caffeine: Sources and Reasons for Consumption Among University Students. Journal of Nutritional Ecology and Food Research, 1(4), 315-321.
  • Hancock, D.R. & Algozzine, B. (2006). Doing case study research - a practical guide for beginning researchers. New York. Teachers Collage Press.
  • Heinz, A.J., Kassel, J.D. & Smith, E.V. (2009). Caffeine expectancy: Instrument development in the Rasch measurement framework. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(3), 500-511.
  • Hering-Hanit, R. & Gadoth, N. (2003). Caffeine induced headache in children and adolescents. Cephalalgia, 23, 332-35.
  • Hewlett P. & Wadsworth, E. (2012). Tea, coffee and associated lifestyle factors. British Food Journal, 114(3), 416–427.
  • Huntley, E.D. & Juliano, L.M. (2012). Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ): construction, psychometric properties, and associations with caffeine use, caffeine dependence, and other related variables. Psychological Assessment, 24(3), 592-607.
  • International Coffee Organization (ICO). (2011). ICC 102-10 Rules. Erişim Adresi https://www.ico.org/documents/icc-102-10e-rules-statistical-reports-final.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 9.12.24
  • International Coffee Organization (ICO). (2024). Sustainability & resilience of the coffee global value chain: Towards a coffee investment vehicle. Erişim Adresi https://www.icocoffee.org/documents/cy2023-24/report-global-coffee-funding-mechanisms-june-2024-e.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 9.12.24
  • Jamal, N.F. (2024). Caffeine consumption pattern and perception of its effect among university students in Malaysia. The International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), VIII(IIIS), 3219-26.
  • Jones, E. (2016). Consumer preferences for coffee: Hot and Wet, or Quality and Flavor? Journal of Food Products Marketing, 22(3), 350-380.
  • Keegan, S.F. (2009). Qualitative research good decision making through understanding people, cultures and markets. Londra: Kogan Page Publishing.
  • Khan, M.S., Nisar, N., Naqvi, S.A.A. & Nawab. F. (2017). Caffeine consumption and academicperformance among medical students of Dow University of Health Science (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan. Annals of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical & Dental College, 22(3), 179-84.
  • Klopotek, N. & Dmowski, P. (2022). Economic and quality determinants of yerba mate, tea and coffee consumption. Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University, 121(22), 53-66.
  • Labbe, D., Ferrage, A., Rytz, A., Pace, J. & Martin, N. (2015). Pleasantness, emotions and perceptions induced by coffee beverage experience depend on the consumption motivation (hedonic or utilitarian). Food Quality and Preference, 44, 56-61.
  • Lincoln, Y.S. & Guba, E.G. (1985), Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publications, USA.
  • Lu, S. (2015). Too much coffee? Erişim Adresi https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2015/11/coffee#:~:text=A%20daily%20dose%20of%20400,particularly%20sensitive%20to%20caffeine's%20effects. Erişim Tarihi: 9.12.24
  • Mackus, M., Loo, A.J.A.E., Benson, S., Scholey, A. & Verster, J.C. (2016). Consumption of caffeinated beverages and the awareness of their caffeine content among Dutch students. Appetite, 103, 353-357.
  • Mahoney, C.R., Giles, G.E., Marriott, B.P., Judelson, D.A., Glickman, E,L., Geiselman, P.J. & Lieberman, H.R. (2019). Intake of caffeine from all sources and reasons for use by college students. Clinical Nutrition, 38, 668-675.
  • Manzo, J. (2014). Machines, people, and social interaction in “ third-wave ” coffeehouses. Journal of Arts and Humanities (JAH), 3(8), 1-12.
  • Morse, J. (1994). Designing funded qualitative research. N. Denzin ve Y. Lincoln (Ed.). Handbook for qualitative research içinde (s. 220–235). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Nakip, M. & Yaraş, E. (2017). SPSS uygulamalı pazarlamada araştırma teknikleri (4. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Nawrot, P., Jordan, S., Eastwood, J., Rotstein, J., Hugenholtz, A. & Feeley, M. (2003). Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Additives & Contaminants, 20(1), 1-30.
  • Onurlu, Ö. & Atasayar, M. (2021). Kahve Dükkanı Müşterilerinin Yeniden Satın Alma Niyetinin Oluşturulmasında Mağaza Atmosferi Unsurlarının Önemi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi (İTOBİAD), 10(3), 2891-2916.
  • Our coffee house. (2011). Erişim Adresi https://www.cafemuseum.at/en/cafe-museum/our-coffee-house.html. Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.24
  • Pantone color of the year 2025. (2025) Erişim Adresi https://www.pantone.com/eu/en/color-of-the-year/2025. Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.24
  • Perszke, M. & Egierska, D. (2022). Potential health benefits from coffee consumption. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 12(10), 11-18.
  • Pollak, C.P. & Bright, D. (2003). Caffeine consumption and weekly sleep patterns in U.S. seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-graders. Pediatrics, 111(1), 42-46.
  • Riemen, D.J. (1986). The essential structure of a caring interaction: Doing phenomenology. P. M. Munhall & C. J. Oiler (Ed.). Nursing Research: A Qualitative Perspective içinde (s. 555-594), San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Rogers, P.J., Heatherley, S.V., Mullings, E.L. & Smith, J.E. (2012). Faster but not smarter: Effects of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on alertness and performance. Psychopharmacology, 226, 229-240.
  • Romero-Martínez, B.S., Montaño, L.M., Solís-Chagoyán, H., Sommer, B., Ramírez-Salinas, G.L., Pérez-Figueroa, G.E. & Flores-Soto, E. (2021). Possible beneficial actions of caffeine in SARS-CoV2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(11), 5460-72.
  • Schuster, M. (2013). Hermeneutics as Embodied Existence. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 12(1), 195-206.
  • Schweickard, W. (2017). Appunti sulla storia lessicale di caffè. Zeitschrift Fur Romanische Philologie, 133(2), 585-595.
  • Smith, A.P. (1999). Effects of a Low Dose of Caffeine Given in Different Drinks on Mood and Performance. Human Psychopharmacology Clinical & Experimental, 14, 473-482.
  • Smith, J.A. & Osborn, M. (2008), Interpretative phenomenological analysis. J.A. Smith (Ed.). Qualitative Psychology içinde (s. 53-80). London: Sage. İkinci Baskı.
  • Smith, J.A., Flowers, P. & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. London: Sage.
  • Smith, J.A. & Nizza, I.E. (2022). Essentials of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000259-000.
  • Triolo, F.A., Figueiredo, B., Martin D. M. & Farrelly, F. (2023). Coffee: A global marketplace icon. Consumption Markets & Culture, 26(4), 311-320.
  • The journey from the heart. (2018). Erişim Adresi https://trungnguyenlegend.com/news/?lang=en. Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.24
  • The story of the World Coffee Museum. (2023). Erişim Adresi https://baotangthegioicaphe.com/en-US/home. Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.24
  • Tucker, C. (2017). Coffee Culture: Local Experiences, Global Connections. New York: Routledge.
  • Yin, R.K. (2002). Case study research (Design and methods). California. Sage Publication.
  • Zimmer, L. (2006). Qualitative meta-synthesis: a question of dialoguing with texts. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53(3), 311–318.
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Pazarlama (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Elif Deniz 0000-0001-6873-5757

Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 26 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Deniz, E. (2025). ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KAHVE VE KAHVELİ İÇECEKLERİ SATIN ALMA VE TÜKETME MOTİFLERİ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(4), 1924-1952. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1830730