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THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS AND ANXIETY: ECO-ANXIETY AS A NEW CONCEPT

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 891 - 908, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1108240

Öz

Eco-anxiety is a topic that has been discussed and researched in the context of ecological crisis, climate crisis and environmental disasters. There are very limited studies on eco-anxiety, especially in our country. The concept of eco-anxiety, which brings together views and approaches from various disciplines, can be mentioned together with terms such as uncertainty, unpredictability, uncontrollability, grief, shame, guilt and trauma. Eco-anxiety is defined as the state of being unsure about the future of the world and all living things and being worried about ecological disasters that may occur due to the climate crisis. It is important to remember that eco-anxiety can be complex and affected by social pressures and factors and may even be a result of these. In this article, it is aimed to clarify the concept of eco-anxiety, which is an important problem related to the ecological crisis, by giving place to different concepts and approaches related to anxiety.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, M. (2016). Ecological crisis, sustainability and the psychosocial subject: Beyond behaviour change. Palgrave Macmillan: London.
  • Albrecht, G. (2019). Earth emotions: New words for a new world. Cornell University Press: Ithaca.
  • Albrecht, G. (2012). Psychoterratic conditions in a scientific and technological world. In Ecopsychology: Science, totems, and the technological species, pp. 241–264 (Eds. Kahn, P. H., Hasbach, P. H.). MIT Press: Cambridge.
  • Andrews, N., Hoggett, P. (2019). Facing up to ecological crisis: A psychosocial perspective from climate psychology. In Facing up to climate reality: Honesty, disaster and hope, pp. 155–171 (Ed. Foster, J.). Green House Publishing: London.
  • Antadze, N. (2020). Moral outrage as the emotional response to climate injustice. Environmental Justice, 13, 21-26. https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2019.0038
  • Barlow, D. H. (2004). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. Guilford Press: New York.
  • Barnwell, G., Stroud, L., Watson, M. (2020). Critical reflections from South Africa: Using the Power Threat Meaning Framework to place climate-related distress in its socio-political context. Clinical Psychology Forum, 332, 7–15.
  • Barut, B., Kara, Y. (2020). Ekolojik sosyal hizmet perspektifinden hortikültürel terapi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31(1), 218-240. DOI: 10.33417/tsh.681889
  • Baudon, P., Jachens, L. (2021). A scoping review of interventions for the treatment of eco-anxiety. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189636
  • Berry, H. L., Waite, T. D., Dear, K. B. G., Capon A. G., Murray, V. (2018). The case for systems thinking about climate change and mental health. Nature Climate Change, 8, 282–290. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0102-4
  • Bilotta, E., Vaid, U., Evans, G. W. (2018). Environmental stress. In Environmental psychology: An introduction, pp. 36–44 (Eds. Steg, L., de Groot, J. I. M.). Wiley: Hoboken.
  • Bodnar, S. (2008). Wasted and bombed: Clinical enactments of a changing relationship to the earth. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 18, 484 - 512.
  • Bourque, F., Cunsolo, A. (2014). Climate change: the next challenge for public mental health?. International Review of Psychiatry 26(4), 415–422. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.925851
  • Buzzell, L., Chalquist, C. (2019). It’s Not Eco-Anxiety—It’s Eco-Fear! A Survey of the Eco-Emotions, https://chalquist.com/its-not-eco-anxiety-its-eco-fear-a-survey-of-the-eco-emotions/, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2021).
  • Clayton S. (2020). Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 102263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263
  • Clayton, S. (2018). Mental health risk and resilience among climate scientists. Nature Climate Change, 8, 260–261. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0123-z
  • Clayton, S., Manning, C. M., Krygsman, K., Speiser, M. (2017). Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Implications, and Guidance. APA & EcoAmerica: Washington, DC.
  • Clayton, S., Manning, C., Hodge, C. (2014). Beyond Storms & Droughts: The Psychological Impacts of Climate Change. APA & EcoAmerica: Washington, DC.
  • Coffey, Y., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Islam, S., Usher, K. (2021). Understanding eco-anxiety: A systematic scoping review of current literature and identified knowledge gaps. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 3, 1000472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100047
  • Cossman, B. (2013). Anxiety governance. Law & Social Inquiry, 38(4), 892-919. doi:10.1111/lsi.12027
  • Cox, R. C., Olatunji, B. O. (2019). Anxiety and related disorders: An introduction. In The Cambridge handbook of anxiety and related disorders, pp. 1–10 (Ed. Olatunji, B.O.). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
  • Coverdale, J., Balon, R., Beresin, E., Brenner, A., Guerrero, A., Louie, A., Roberts, L. (2018). Climate change: A call to action for the psychiatric profession. Academic Psychiatry: The Journal of The American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry, 42(3), 317–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-018-0885-7
  • Cunsolo, A., Harper, S. L., Minor, K., Hayes, K., Williams, K. G., Howard, C. (2020). Ecological grief and anxiety: The start of a healthy response to climate change?. The Lancet. Planetary Health, 4(7), e261–e263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30144-3
  • Cunsolo, A., Landman, K. (2017). Mourning nature: Hope at the heart of ecological loss & grief. McGill-Queen’s University Press: Montreal.
  • Davenport, L. (2017). Emotional resiliency in the era of climate change: A clinician’s guide. Jessica Kingsley Publishers: London.
  • Dickinson, J. (2009). The people paradox: Self-esteem striving, immortality ideologies, and human response to climate change. Ecology and Society, 14, 34.
  • Doherty, T. J. (2016). Theoretical and empirical foundations for ecotherapy. In Ecotherapy: Theory, research & practice, pp. 12–31 (Eds. Jordan, M., Hinds, J.). Palgrave: London.
  • Doherty, T. J., Clayton, S. (2011). The psychological impacts of global climate change. The American Psychologist, 66(4), 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023141
  • Er, F., Canatan, Ç., Barut, B., Kara, Y. (2020). Sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında ekopsikolojiyi düşünmek. Aurum Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 73-82.
  • Figueroa, R. M. (2017). Learning in the anthropocene: Environmental justice and climate pedagogy. In Teaching climate change in the humanities, pp. 110–117 (Eds. Siperstein, S., Hall, S., LeMenager, S.). Routledge: London.
  • Fisher, R. M. (2017). Why ecocriticism now: Pathways to the eco-fear problem and ecophobia. In Search of Fearlessness Research Institute, University of Galgary: Galgary.
  • Gibson, K., Barnett, J., Haslam, N., Kaplan, I. (2020). The mental health impacts of climate change: Findings from a Pacific Island atoll nation. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 73, 102237. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102237
  • Gillespie, S. (2020). Climate crisis and consciousness: Re-imagining our world and ourselves. Routledge: London.
  • Gillespie, S. (2017). Climate change ımaginings and depth psychology: Reconciling present and future worlds. In Environmental change and the world’s futures: Ecologies, ontologies and mythologies, pp. 181–195 (Eds. Marshall, J. P., Connor, L. H.). Routledge: New York.
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EKOLOJİK KRİZ VE ANKSİYETE: YENİ BİR KAVRAM OLARAK EKO-ANKSİYETE

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 891 - 908, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1108240

Öz

Eko-anksiyete, ekolojik kriz, iklim krizi ve çevresel felaketler bağlamında tartışılan ve üzerine araştırmalar yapılan bir konudur. Eko-anksiyeteye dair özellikle ülkemizde çok sınırlı sayıda araştırma bulunmaktadır. Çeşitli disiplinlerden görüşleri ve yaklaşımları bir araya getiren eko-anksiyete kavramı, belirsizlik, ön görülemezlik, kontrol edilemezlik, keder, utanç, suçluluk ve travma gibi terimlerle birlikte anılabilmektedir. Eko-anksiyete, dünyanın ve içinde yaşayan tüm canlıların geleceğinden emin olamama ve iklim krizine bağlı olarak yaşanabilecek ekolojik felaketlerden endişe duyma durumu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Eko-anksiyetenin karmaşık olabileceği ve toplumsal baskılardan ve faktörlerden etkilenebileceği, hatta bunların bir sonucu olabileceğini unutmamak önem taşımaktadır. Bu makalede, anksiyete ile ilgili farklı kavramlara ve yaklaşımlara yer verilerek ekolojik kriz ile ilgili önemli bir sorun olan eko-anksiyete kavramına açıklık getirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, M. (2016). Ecological crisis, sustainability and the psychosocial subject: Beyond behaviour change. Palgrave Macmillan: London.
  • Albrecht, G. (2019). Earth emotions: New words for a new world. Cornell University Press: Ithaca.
  • Albrecht, G. (2012). Psychoterratic conditions in a scientific and technological world. In Ecopsychology: Science, totems, and the technological species, pp. 241–264 (Eds. Kahn, P. H., Hasbach, P. H.). MIT Press: Cambridge.
  • Andrews, N., Hoggett, P. (2019). Facing up to ecological crisis: A psychosocial perspective from climate psychology. In Facing up to climate reality: Honesty, disaster and hope, pp. 155–171 (Ed. Foster, J.). Green House Publishing: London.
  • Antadze, N. (2020). Moral outrage as the emotional response to climate injustice. Environmental Justice, 13, 21-26. https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2019.0038
  • Barlow, D. H. (2004). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. Guilford Press: New York.
  • Barnwell, G., Stroud, L., Watson, M. (2020). Critical reflections from South Africa: Using the Power Threat Meaning Framework to place climate-related distress in its socio-political context. Clinical Psychology Forum, 332, 7–15.
  • Barut, B., Kara, Y. (2020). Ekolojik sosyal hizmet perspektifinden hortikültürel terapi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31(1), 218-240. DOI: 10.33417/tsh.681889
  • Baudon, P., Jachens, L. (2021). A scoping review of interventions for the treatment of eco-anxiety. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189636
  • Berry, H. L., Waite, T. D., Dear, K. B. G., Capon A. G., Murray, V. (2018). The case for systems thinking about climate change and mental health. Nature Climate Change, 8, 282–290. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0102-4
  • Bilotta, E., Vaid, U., Evans, G. W. (2018). Environmental stress. In Environmental psychology: An introduction, pp. 36–44 (Eds. Steg, L., de Groot, J. I. M.). Wiley: Hoboken.
  • Bodnar, S. (2008). Wasted and bombed: Clinical enactments of a changing relationship to the earth. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 18, 484 - 512.
  • Bourque, F., Cunsolo, A. (2014). Climate change: the next challenge for public mental health?. International Review of Psychiatry 26(4), 415–422. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.925851
  • Buzzell, L., Chalquist, C. (2019). It’s Not Eco-Anxiety—It’s Eco-Fear! A Survey of the Eco-Emotions, https://chalquist.com/its-not-eco-anxiety-its-eco-fear-a-survey-of-the-eco-emotions/, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2021).
  • Clayton S. (2020). Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 102263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263
  • Clayton, S. (2018). Mental health risk and resilience among climate scientists. Nature Climate Change, 8, 260–261. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0123-z
  • Clayton, S., Manning, C. M., Krygsman, K., Speiser, M. (2017). Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Implications, and Guidance. APA & EcoAmerica: Washington, DC.
  • Clayton, S., Manning, C., Hodge, C. (2014). Beyond Storms & Droughts: The Psychological Impacts of Climate Change. APA & EcoAmerica: Washington, DC.
  • Coffey, Y., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Islam, S., Usher, K. (2021). Understanding eco-anxiety: A systematic scoping review of current literature and identified knowledge gaps. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 3, 1000472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100047
  • Cossman, B. (2013). Anxiety governance. Law & Social Inquiry, 38(4), 892-919. doi:10.1111/lsi.12027
  • Cox, R. C., Olatunji, B. O. (2019). Anxiety and related disorders: An introduction. In The Cambridge handbook of anxiety and related disorders, pp. 1–10 (Ed. Olatunji, B.O.). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
  • Coverdale, J., Balon, R., Beresin, E., Brenner, A., Guerrero, A., Louie, A., Roberts, L. (2018). Climate change: A call to action for the psychiatric profession. Academic Psychiatry: The Journal of The American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry, 42(3), 317–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-018-0885-7
  • Cunsolo, A., Harper, S. L., Minor, K., Hayes, K., Williams, K. G., Howard, C. (2020). Ecological grief and anxiety: The start of a healthy response to climate change?. The Lancet. Planetary Health, 4(7), e261–e263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30144-3
  • Cunsolo, A., Landman, K. (2017). Mourning nature: Hope at the heart of ecological loss & grief. McGill-Queen’s University Press: Montreal.
  • Davenport, L. (2017). Emotional resiliency in the era of climate change: A clinician’s guide. Jessica Kingsley Publishers: London.
  • Dickinson, J. (2009). The people paradox: Self-esteem striving, immortality ideologies, and human response to climate change. Ecology and Society, 14, 34.
  • Doherty, T. J. (2016). Theoretical and empirical foundations for ecotherapy. In Ecotherapy: Theory, research & practice, pp. 12–31 (Eds. Jordan, M., Hinds, J.). Palgrave: London.
  • Doherty, T. J., Clayton, S. (2011). The psychological impacts of global climate change. The American Psychologist, 66(4), 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023141
  • Er, F., Canatan, Ç., Barut, B., Kara, Y. (2020). Sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında ekopsikolojiyi düşünmek. Aurum Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 73-82.
  • Figueroa, R. M. (2017). Learning in the anthropocene: Environmental justice and climate pedagogy. In Teaching climate change in the humanities, pp. 110–117 (Eds. Siperstein, S., Hall, S., LeMenager, S.). Routledge: London.
  • Fisher, R. M. (2017). Why ecocriticism now: Pathways to the eco-fear problem and ecophobia. In Search of Fearlessness Research Institute, University of Galgary: Galgary.
  • Gibson, K., Barnett, J., Haslam, N., Kaplan, I. (2020). The mental health impacts of climate change: Findings from a Pacific Island atoll nation. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 73, 102237. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102237
  • Gillespie, S. (2020). Climate crisis and consciousness: Re-imagining our world and ourselves. Routledge: London.
  • Gillespie, S. (2017). Climate change ımaginings and depth psychology: Reconciling present and future worlds. In Environmental change and the world’s futures: Ecologies, ontologies and mythologies, pp. 181–195 (Eds. Marshall, J. P., Connor, L. H.). Routledge: New York.
  • Grose, A. (2020). A guide to eco-anxiety: How to protect the planet and your mental health. Watkins: London.
  • Grupe, D. W., Nitschke, J. B. (2013). Uncertainty and anticipation in anxiety: An integrated neurobiological and psychological perspective. Nature Reviews, Neuroscience, 14(7), 488–501. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3524
  • Haltinner, K., Sarathchandra, D. (2018). Climate change skepticism as a psychological coping strategy. Sociology Compass, 12, e12586. DOI: 10.1111/soc4.12586
  • Hayes, K., Blashki, G., Wiseman, J., Burke, S., Reifels, L. (2018). Climate change and mental health: risks, impacts and priority actions. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12(28), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0210-6
  • Hoggett, P. (2019). Climate psychology: On indifference to disaster. Palgrave Macmillan: Cham.
  • Hoggett P., Randall R. (2019). Engaging with climate change: Comparing the cultures of science and activism. Environmental Values, 27(3), 223-243. DOI: 10.3197/096327118X15217309300813
  • Hörnfeldt, H. (2018). The end of the world: Apocalyptic narratives in children’s fears. Ethnologia Scandinavica, 48, 153–170.
  • Hyry, J. (2019). Kansalaiskysely Ilmastonmuutoksesta ja Tunteista [National Survey on Climate Change and Emotions], https://media.sitra.fi/2019/08/21153439/ilmastotunteet-2019-kyselytutkimuksen-tulokset.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2021)
  • Jensen, T. (2019). Ecologies of guilt in environmental rhetorics. Palgrave Macmillan: London.
  • Jones, M. K., Wootton, B. M., Vaccaro, L. D., Menzies, R. G. (2012). The impact of climate change on obsessive compulsive checking concerns. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 46(3), 265–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867411433951
  • Kals, E., Müller, M. M. (2012). Emotions and environment. In The oxford handbook of environmental and conservation psychology, pp. 128–147. (Ed. Clayton, S.). Oxford University Press: New York.
  • Kaplan, E. A. (2020). Is climate-related pre-traumatic stress syndrome a real condition? American Imago, 77(1), 81–104. https://doi.org/10.1353/aim.2020.0004
  • Kara, Y., Saroğlu, H. (2021). Reflections of deep ecology approach in the Ahimsa Doctrine. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 20(2), 362-371. DOI: 10.21547/jss.832444
  • Kara, Y. (2021). Kesişimsellik iklim krizinin neresinde? Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (UKSAD), 7(1), 1-16. DOI: 10.46442/intjcss.729485
  • Kara, Y. (2020). Ekolojik sosyal hizmet bağlamında türcülük. Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(20), 82-94. DOI: 10.34189/asbd.7.20.004
  • Kelly, A. (2017). Eco-anxiety at university: Student experiences and academic perspectives on cultivating healthy emotional responses to the climate crisis. The University of Colorado at Boulder & Melbourne: Boulder.
  • Kemkes, R. J., Akerman, S. (2019). Contending with the nature of climate change: Phenomenological interpretations from northern Wisconsin. Emotion, Space and Society, 33(5), 100614. DOI: 10.1016/j.emospa.2019.100614
  • Kidner, D. W. (2007). Depression and the natural world: Towards a critical ecology of psychological distress. International Journal of Critical Psychology, 19, 123–146.
  • Kleres, J., Wettergren, Å. (2017). Fear, hope, anger, and guilt in climate activism. Social Movement Studies, 16, 507-519. DOI: 10.1080/14742837.2017.1344546
  • Kurth, C. (2018). The anxious mind: An investigation into the varieties and virtues of anxiety. The MIT Press: Cambridge. Lertzman, R. A. (2015). Environmental melancholia: Psychoanalytic dimensions of engagement. Routledge: Hove, New York.
  • Maiteny, P. (2012). Longing to be human: Evolving ourselves in healing the Earth. In Vital signs: Psychological responses to ecological crisis, pp. 47–60 (Eds. Rust, M., Totton, N.). Karnac: London.
  • Materia, C. J. (2016). Climate State Anxiety and Connectedness to Nature in Rural Tasmania (Ph.D. Thesis). University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
  • Myers, T. C. (2014). Understanding climate change as an existential threat: Confronting climate denial as a challenge to climate ethics. De Ethica, 1(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.3384/de-ethica.2001-8819.141153
  • Nairn, K. (2019). Learning from young people engaged in climate activism: The potential of collectivizing despair and hope. Young, 27, 435–450. DOI: 10.1177/1103308818817603
  • Norgaard, K. M. (2011). Living in denial: Climate change, emotions, and everyday life. MIT Press: Cambridge.
  • Ojala, M. (2016). Facing anxiety in climate change education: From therapeutic practice to hopeful transgressive learning. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 21, 41-56.
  • Ojala, M. (2007). Hope and worry: Exploring young people’s values, emotions, and behavior regarding global environmental problems. Örebro University: Örebro.
  • Orange, D. (2017). Climate change, psychoanalysis, and radical ethics. Routledge: New York.
  • Panu, P. (2020). Anxiety and the ecological crisis: An analysis of eco-anxiety and climate anxiety. Sustainability, 12(19), 7836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197836
  • Pearse, R., Goodman, J., Rosewarne, S. (2010). Researching direct action against carbon emissions: A digital ethnography of climate agency. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies An Interdisciplinary Journal 2(3), 76–103. DOI: 10.5130/ccs.v2i3.1794
  • Pienaar, M. (2011). An eco-existential understanding of time and psychological defenses: Threats to the environment and implications for psychotherapy. Ecopsychology, 3, 25–39
  • Pihkala, P. (2020). The cost of bearing witness to the environmental crisis: Vicarious traumatization and dealing with secondary traumatic stress among environmental researchers. Social Epistemology, 34, 86-100.
  • Pinsky, E., Guerrero, A., Livingston, R. (2020). Our house is on fire: Child and adolescent psychiatrists in the era of the climate crisis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(5), 580–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.01.016
  • Prager, D. (2019). If You Can’t Sell Your Hysteria to Adults, Try Kids, https://www.nationalreview.com/2019/09/american-left-climate-change-hysteria-kids/ (Erişim Tarihi: 21.10.2021).
  • Psychoterratica: Glenn Albrecht’s Web Page. (2016). Meteoranxiety. https://glennaalbrecht.wordpress.com/2016/07/20/meteoranxiety/, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.09.2021).
  • Ray, S. J. (2020). A field guide to climate anxiety: how to keep your cool on a warming planet. University of California Press: Oakland.
  • Randall, R. (2009). Loss and climate change: The cost of parallel narratives. Ecopsychology, 1, 118–129.
  • Rust, M. (2008). Climate on the couch: Unconscious processes in relation to our environmental crisis. Psychotherapy and Politics International, 6, 157-170.
  • Sapiains, R., Beeton, R. J. S., Walker, I. A. (2015). The dissociative experience: Mediating the tension between people's awareness of environmental problems and their inadequate behavioral responses. Ecopsychology, 7(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2014.0048
  • Scott, B. G., Weems, C. F. (2013). Natural disasters and existential concerns: A test of tillich's theory of existential anxiety. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 53(1), 114–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167812449190
  • Searle, K.A., Gow, K.M. (2010). Do concerns about climate change lead to distress. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 2, 362-379.
  • Solomon, R. C., Stone, L. D. (2002). On "positive" and "negative" emotions. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 32(4), 417–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00196
  • Spielberger, C. D., Reheiser, E. C. (2009). Assessment of emotions: Anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 1(3), 271–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01017.x
  • Spratt, D., Dunlop, I. (2019). Existential Climate-Related Security Risk: A Scenario Approach; Breakthrough-National Centre for Climate Restoration. Melbourne, Australia.
  • Stoknes, P. E. (2015). What we think about when we try not to think about global warming: Toward a new psychology of climate action. Chelsea Green Publishing: White River Junction.
  • Temple, M., Gall, T. L. (2018). Working through existential anxiety toward authenticity: A spiritual journey of meaning making. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 58(2), 168–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167816629968
  • Thomas, A. C., Cretney, R., Hayward, B. (2019). Student strike 4 climate: Justice, emergency and citizenship. New Zealand Geographer, 75, 96-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/nzg.12229
  • Thomas, M. (2014). Climate Depression is for Real. Just Ask a Scientist, https://grist.org/climate- energy/climate-depression-is-for-real-just-ask-a-scientist/, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2021).
  • Thunberg, G., Thunberg, S., Ernman, M., Ernman, B. (2020). Our house is on fire: Scenes of a family and a planet in crisis. Penguin Random House: New York.
  • Weintrobe, S. (2013). The difficult problem of anxiety in thinking about climate change. In Engaging with climate change: Psychoanalytic and interdisciplinary perspectives, pp. 33–47. (Ed. Weintrobe, S.). Routledge: London.
  • White, B. (2015). States of emergency: Trauma and climate change. Ecopsychology, 7, 192–197. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2015.0024
  • Woodbury, Z. (2019). Climate trauma: Toward a new taxonomy of trauma. Ecopsychology, 11, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2018.0021
  • Woodward, B. (2019). Climate distruption and the psychiatric patient. Psychiatric Times, 36, 8–9.
  • Wolf, J., Salo, R. (2008). Water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink: Climate change delusion. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42(4), 350. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670701881603
  • Van Bruggen, V., Vos, J., Westerhof, G., Bohlmeijer, E., Glas, G. (2015). Systematic review of existential anxiety instruments. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 55(2), 173–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167814542048
  • Van Susteren L. (2018). The psychological impacts of the climate crisis: A call to action. BJPsych International, 15(2), 25–26. https://doi.org/10.1192/bji.2017.40
  • Verlie, B. (2019). Bearing worlds: Learning to live-with climate change. Environmental Education Research, 25, 751–766. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2019.1637823
Toplam 91 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yunus Kara 0000-0002-7812-5845

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kara, Y. (2022). EKOLOJİK KRİZ VE ANKSİYETE: YENİ BİR KAVRAM OLARAK EKO-ANKSİYETE. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 891-908. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1108240