Araştırma Makalesi
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THE ROLE OF THE HITTITES IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 1456 - 1477, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1669062

Öz

The Hittites are one of the peoples that are considered within Israelite studies and basically evaluated within the narrative of the Torah, and at another point, one of the peoples that can be aimed as an ethnic and cultural basis. The essence of this study is to seek temporal, cultural, local and geographical correspondences for the two groups of peoples with the same name, which are the subject of Anatolia and the Old Testament. The primary problem is the adventure of the Hittites existence or contact with the Land of Israel. Following these searches, we will discuss the Hittites among the lists of nations, the Hittites with Abraham, and finally the time of their presence with a few personal names. Understanding the subject through personal names is only one approach for us. Even if they do not provide us with clear diagnoses, it is our main goal here, as in general studies, to obtain a connection with the Anatolian Hittites. However, the available information can provide us with a closer analysis of the Hittites that existed after the destruction of the Hattusa-centered Hittites. Afterwards, the issue of ownership between Abraham and the Hittites will be discussed. Through all these, we believe that the possibilities of closeness and differences of a people group in the Torah with their Anatolian namesakes can be measured and at the same time, we believe that it can also give ideas to related topics.

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval was not required for this article.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

3

Teşekkür

This study was supported by the TÜBİTAK 2209-A Research Project Support Programme for Undergraduate Students. The author would like to express sincere gratitude to TÜBİTAK for its support. Special thanks are also extended to Dr. Murat Kılıç, the project advisor, and to Prof. Dr. Recai Tekoğlu, who contributed by suggesting the research topic and providing valuable feedback during the review of the manuscript.

Kaynakça

  • Bishop, E. F. F. (1948). Hebron, city of Abraham, the friend of God. Journal of Bible and Religion, 16 (2), 94–99. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1457287
  • Blenkinsopp, J. (2009). Abraham as paradigm in the Priestly history in Genesis. Journal of Biblical Literature, 128 (2), 225–241. https://doi.org/10.2307/25610180
  • Boadt, L., Clifford, R. J., & Harrington, D. J. (2012). Reading the Old Testament: An introduction. Paulist Press.
  • Breasted, J. H. (1905). When did the Hittites enter Palestine? The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, 21 (3), 153–158.
  • Bruce, F. F. (1947). The Hittites and the Old Testament. Tyndale Press, 5-28.
  • Collins, B. J. (2007). The Hittites and their world (Vol. 7). Society of Biblical Literature.
  • Collins, B. J. (2012). The Bible, the Hittites, and the construction of the “Other.” Tabularia Hethaeorum: Hethitologische Beiträge Silvin Košak zum, 65, 155–161.
  • Collins, B. J. (2016). The Hittites and Hurrians. In B. T. Arnold & B. A. Strawn (Eds.), The world around the Old Testament (pp. 197–228). Baker Academic.
  • Finkelstein, I., & Römer, T. (2014). Comments on the historical background of the Abraham narrative. Between “Realia” and “Exegetica”: Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel, 3(1), 3–23.
  • Forrer, E. O. (1936). The Hittites in Palestine I. Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 68 (4), 190–203.
  • Forrer, E. O. (1937). The Hittites in Palestine II. Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 69 (2), 100–115.
  • Gilan, A. (2013). Hittites in Canaan?: The archaeological evidence. Biblische Notizen, 156, 39–52.
  • Gordon, C. H. (1958). Abraham and the merchants of Ura. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 17(1), 28–31.
  • Hepper, F. N., & Gibson, S. (1994). Abraham’s oak of Mamre: The story of a venerable tree. Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 126(2), 94–105.
  • Hoffner, H. A. (1969). Some contributions of Hittitology to Old Testament study. Tyndale Bulletin, 20, 27–55.
  • Hoffner, H. A. (1973). The Hittites and Hurrians. In D. J. Wiseman (Ed.), Peoples of Old Testament Times. Oxford University Press.
  • Hoffner, H. A. (1994). Hittites. In A. J. Hoerth, G. L. Mattingly, & E. M. Yamauchi (Eds.), Peoples of the Old Testament World. Baker.
  • Ishida, T. (1979). The structure and historical implications of the lists of pre-Israelite nations. Biblica, 60(4), 461–490.
  • Kitchen, K. A. (1966). Ancient Orient and Old Testament. Inter-Varsity Press.
  • Kurt, M. (2008). Que Ülkesi ve Yeni Asur Devleti’nin Anadolu politikası bakımından önemi. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(3), 117–133.
  • Lehmann, M. R. (1953). Abraham’s purchase of Machpelah and Hittite law. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 129(1), 15–18.
  • Lewis, J. P. (1979). Bible archaeology and geography. In J. T. Willis (Ed.), The world and literature of the Old Testament. Sweet Publishing Company.
  • Mazar, B. (1981). The early Israelite settlement in the hill country. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 241, 75–85.
  • McMahon, G. (1989). The history of the Hittites. The Biblical Archaeologist, 52(2/3), 62–77.
  • Rawlinson, G. (1887). Biblical topography. James Pott & Co.
  • Sheikh, H. (2021). From Mesopotamia to Khotan: Payment clauses in Eastern Middle Iranian languages and their historical backgrounds. DABIR, 8(1), 118–136. https://doi.org/10.1163/29497833-00801011
  • Ska, J.-L. (2014). Abraham between history and poetry. Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel, 3(1), 24–42.
  • Tucker, G. M. (1966). The legal background of Genesis 23. Journal of Biblical Literature, 85(1), 77–84.
  • Van Seters, J. (1972). The terms "Amorite" and "Hittite" in the Old Testament. Vetus Testamentum, 22(1), 64–81.
  • Westbrook, R. (1971). Purchase of the cave of Machpelah. Israel Law Review, 6(1), 29–38.
  • Yiğit, T. (1997). Eski Anadolu kentlerinden Luḫuzatia/Lawazantiya’nın tarihi ve lokalizasyonu üzerine. BELLETEN, 61(230), 1–14.
  • Ansiklopedi Maddeleri Braslavi (Braslavski), J., & Gibson, S. (1972). Makpelah. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed., Vol. 13, p. 325). Keter Publishing House.
  • Schwartz, C. (1972). EFRON. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed., Vol. 6, pp. 461–462). Keter Publishing House.
  • İnternet Siteleri https://www.britannica.com/place/Megiddo. (Erişim:16.11.23)
  • https://biblehub.com/ (İbranice kelime ve ifadelerin fonetik çevirileri için bu siteden yararlanılmıştır.)
  • https://www.kutsalkitap.org/online-tevrat-oku/ (Eski Ahit metin göndermeleri ve alıntıları için bu site kullanılmıştır.)

ESKİ AHİT’TE HİTİTLERİN ROLÜ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 1456 - 1477, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1669062

Öz

İsrailiyat çalışmaları içinde ele alınan ve temelde Tevrat anlatımı içinde değerlendirilen, bir diğer nokta da ise etnik ve kültürel dayanak olarak amaçlanabilecek halklardan biri de Hititlerdir. Bu çalışmanın esasında, Anadolu’nun ve Eski Ahit’in konu edindiği ve aynı isimle anılan iki halk grubu için zamansal, kültürel, yerel ve coğrafik denkleşimler aranmaya çalışılacaktır. Öncelik sorun, Hiititlerin İsrail topraklarında var olma veya temas kurma serüvenleridir. Bu arayışların devamında; ulus listeleri arasında Hititleri, İbrahim ile olan Hititleri ve nihayetinde birkaç kişi ismi ile bulundukları zamanı ele alacağız. Şahıs adları üzerinden mevzuyu anlamak bizim için sadece bir yaklaşım şeklidir. Bunlar bize açık teşhisler belirtemese de temelde Anadolu Hititleri ile bağlantı elde etmek, genel çalışmalardan anlaşıldığı gibi, burda da yegane hedefimizdir. Ancak var olan bilgiler, bize Hattuşa merkezli Hititler’in yıkımından sonra varlık gösteren Hititler ile daha yakın analiz imkanı sunabilmektedir. Sonrasında ise İbrahim ile Hititler arasındaki mülkiyet mevzusu ele alınacaktır. Tüm bunlar üzerinden Tevrat’ta var olan bir halk grubunun Anadolu’daki isimdaşları ile yakınlık ve farklılık ihtimalleri ölçülebilecek ve aynı zamanda ilgili konu başlıklarına da fikir verebileceği kanaatindeyiz.

Etik Beyan

Bu makale için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

3

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, TÜBİTAK 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Yazar, sağladığı destek için TÜBİTAK’a teşekkür eder. Ayrıca proje danışmanı Dr. Murat Kılıç’a ve çalışmanın oluşum sürecinde konu önerisinde bulunan ve çalışma metnini inceleme konusunda değerli katkılar sunan Prof. Dr. Recai Tekoğlu’na teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • Bishop, E. F. F. (1948). Hebron, city of Abraham, the friend of God. Journal of Bible and Religion, 16 (2), 94–99. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1457287
  • Blenkinsopp, J. (2009). Abraham as paradigm in the Priestly history in Genesis. Journal of Biblical Literature, 128 (2), 225–241. https://doi.org/10.2307/25610180
  • Boadt, L., Clifford, R. J., & Harrington, D. J. (2012). Reading the Old Testament: An introduction. Paulist Press.
  • Breasted, J. H. (1905). When did the Hittites enter Palestine? The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, 21 (3), 153–158.
  • Bruce, F. F. (1947). The Hittites and the Old Testament. Tyndale Press, 5-28.
  • Collins, B. J. (2007). The Hittites and their world (Vol. 7). Society of Biblical Literature.
  • Collins, B. J. (2012). The Bible, the Hittites, and the construction of the “Other.” Tabularia Hethaeorum: Hethitologische Beiträge Silvin Košak zum, 65, 155–161.
  • Collins, B. J. (2016). The Hittites and Hurrians. In B. T. Arnold & B. A. Strawn (Eds.), The world around the Old Testament (pp. 197–228). Baker Academic.
  • Finkelstein, I., & Römer, T. (2014). Comments on the historical background of the Abraham narrative. Between “Realia” and “Exegetica”: Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel, 3(1), 3–23.
  • Forrer, E. O. (1936). The Hittites in Palestine I. Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 68 (4), 190–203.
  • Forrer, E. O. (1937). The Hittites in Palestine II. Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 69 (2), 100–115.
  • Gilan, A. (2013). Hittites in Canaan?: The archaeological evidence. Biblische Notizen, 156, 39–52.
  • Gordon, C. H. (1958). Abraham and the merchants of Ura. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 17(1), 28–31.
  • Hepper, F. N., & Gibson, S. (1994). Abraham’s oak of Mamre: The story of a venerable tree. Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 126(2), 94–105.
  • Hoffner, H. A. (1969). Some contributions of Hittitology to Old Testament study. Tyndale Bulletin, 20, 27–55.
  • Hoffner, H. A. (1973). The Hittites and Hurrians. In D. J. Wiseman (Ed.), Peoples of Old Testament Times. Oxford University Press.
  • Hoffner, H. A. (1994). Hittites. In A. J. Hoerth, G. L. Mattingly, & E. M. Yamauchi (Eds.), Peoples of the Old Testament World. Baker.
  • Ishida, T. (1979). The structure and historical implications of the lists of pre-Israelite nations. Biblica, 60(4), 461–490.
  • Kitchen, K. A. (1966). Ancient Orient and Old Testament. Inter-Varsity Press.
  • Kurt, M. (2008). Que Ülkesi ve Yeni Asur Devleti’nin Anadolu politikası bakımından önemi. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(3), 117–133.
  • Lehmann, M. R. (1953). Abraham’s purchase of Machpelah and Hittite law. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 129(1), 15–18.
  • Lewis, J. P. (1979). Bible archaeology and geography. In J. T. Willis (Ed.), The world and literature of the Old Testament. Sweet Publishing Company.
  • Mazar, B. (1981). The early Israelite settlement in the hill country. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 241, 75–85.
  • McMahon, G. (1989). The history of the Hittites. The Biblical Archaeologist, 52(2/3), 62–77.
  • Rawlinson, G. (1887). Biblical topography. James Pott & Co.
  • Sheikh, H. (2021). From Mesopotamia to Khotan: Payment clauses in Eastern Middle Iranian languages and their historical backgrounds. DABIR, 8(1), 118–136. https://doi.org/10.1163/29497833-00801011
  • Ska, J.-L. (2014). Abraham between history and poetry. Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel, 3(1), 24–42.
  • Tucker, G. M. (1966). The legal background of Genesis 23. Journal of Biblical Literature, 85(1), 77–84.
  • Van Seters, J. (1972). The terms "Amorite" and "Hittite" in the Old Testament. Vetus Testamentum, 22(1), 64–81.
  • Westbrook, R. (1971). Purchase of the cave of Machpelah. Israel Law Review, 6(1), 29–38.
  • Yiğit, T. (1997). Eski Anadolu kentlerinden Luḫuzatia/Lawazantiya’nın tarihi ve lokalizasyonu üzerine. BELLETEN, 61(230), 1–14.
  • Ansiklopedi Maddeleri Braslavi (Braslavski), J., & Gibson, S. (1972). Makpelah. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed., Vol. 13, p. 325). Keter Publishing House.
  • Schwartz, C. (1972). EFRON. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed., Vol. 6, pp. 461–462). Keter Publishing House.
  • İnternet Siteleri https://www.britannica.com/place/Megiddo. (Erişim:16.11.23)
  • https://biblehub.com/ (İbranice kelime ve ifadelerin fonetik çevirileri için bu siteden yararlanılmıştır.)
  • https://www.kutsalkitap.org/online-tevrat-oku/ (Eski Ahit metin göndermeleri ve alıntıları için bu site kullanılmıştır.)
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Tarihsel Çalışmalar (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sedat Kanat 0009-0002-2540-1794

Proje Numarası 3
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kanat, S. (2025). ESKİ AHİT’TE HİTİTLERİN ROLÜ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(3), 1456-1477. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1669062