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The Relationship of Copper, Iron, Zinc Elements with Parkinson's Disease in Brain Homeostasis

Yıl 2022, , 1 - 11, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.57244/dfbd.1073262

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Moneim, A. M., Al-Kahtani, M. A., El-Kersh, M. A., Al-Omair, M. A. (2015). Free radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic and hepatoprotective actions of taurine and silymarin against CCl4 induced rat liver damage. PLoS One, 10(12):e0144509. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144509.
  • Abeliovich, A., Gitler, A. D. (2016). Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson’s disease pathology and genetics. Nature, 539(7628), 207–216. doi: 10.1038/nature20414.
  • Abeyawardhane, D. L., Lucas, H. R. (2019). Iron redox chemistry and implications in the Parkinson's Disease brain. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 4609702. doi: 10.1155/2019/4609702.
  • Adalı, A., Yirün, A., Kocer Gumusel, B., Erkekoğlu, P. (2019). The possible effects of chemical agents on the development of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences, 8(3), 214-224. doi. 10.5336/pharmsci.2019-65605
  • Adani, G., Filippini, T., Michalke, B., Vinceti, M. (2020). Selenium and other trace elements in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Neuroepidemiology, 54(1), 1-23. doi: 10.1159/000502357.
  • Aslan, S. N., Karahalil, B. (2019). Oksidatif stres ve Parkinson hastalığı. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg, 43(1): 94-116. doi: 10.33483/jfpau.519964.
  • Atasever Arslan, B., Arslan, E. F., Satici, I., Yanik, A., Kusoglu Gultekin, S. (2021). Protective effects of Folic acid and Vitamin C against iron overload at the in vitro blood-brain barrier. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 4(3), 353-359. doi: 10.38001/ijlsb.886008
  • Bandmann, O., Weiss, K. H., Kaler, S. G. (2015). Wilson's disease and other neurological copper disorders. Lancet Neurol, 14(1), 103-113. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70190-5.
  • Barnham, K. J., Bush, A. I. (2008). Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Curr Opin Chem Biol, 12, 222–228. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.02.019.
  • Başol, G., Barutçuoğlu, B., Bozdemir, A. E. (2007). Demir homeostazının yeni düzenleyicisi hepsidin. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Derg, 5(3), 117-125.
  • Belaidi, A. A., Bush, A. I. (2015). Iron neurochemistry in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: targets for therapeutics. J Neurochem, 1, 179-197. doi:10.1111/jnc.13425
  • Blesa, J., Trigo-Damas, I., Quiroga-Varela, A., Jackson-Lewis, V. R. (2015). Oxidative stress and Parkinson’s disease. Front Neuroanat, 9, 91. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00091
  • Bisaglia, M., Bubacco, L. (2020). Copper ions and Parkinson’s disease: Why is homeostasis so relevant? Biomolecules, 10(2), 195. doi:10.3390/biom10020195.
  • Bisaglia, M., Filograna, R., Beltramini, M., Bubacco, L. (2014). Are dopamine derivatives implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease? Ageing Res Rev, 13, 107-114. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.12.009.
  • Cabrera, A., Alonzo, E., Sauble, E., Chu, Y. L., Nguyen, D., Linder, M. C., Sato, D. S., Mason, A. Z. (2008). Copper binding components of blood plasma and organs, and their responses to influx of large doses of 65Cu, in the mouse. Biometals, 21(5), 525-43. doi: 10.1007/s10534-008-9139-6.
  • Colvin, R. A., Holmes, W. R., Fontaine, C. P., Maret, W. (2010). Cytosolic zinc buffering and muffling: their role in intracellular zinc homeostasis. Metallomics, 2(5), 306–317. doi: 10.1039/b926662c.
  • Członkowska, A., Litwin, T., Dusek, P., Ferenci, P., Lutsenko, S., Medici, V., Rybakowski, J. K., Weiss, K. H., Schilsky, M. L. (2018). Wilson disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 6, 4(1), 21. doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0018-3.
  • Davies, K. M., Bohic, S., Carmona, A., Ortega, R., Cottam, V., Hare, D. J., Finberg, J. P., Reyes, S., Halliday, G. M., Mercer, J. F., Double, K. L. (2014). Copper pathology in vulnerable brain regions in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging, 35(4), 858-66. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.034.
  • De Lazzari, F., Bubacco, L., Whitworth, A. J., Bisaglia, M. (2018). Superoxide Radical Dismutation as New Therapeutic Strategy in Parkinson’s Disease. Aging Dis, 9(4), 716-728. doi: 10.14336/AD.2017.1018.
  • Dixon, S. J., Lemberg, K. M., Lamprecht, M. R., Skouta, R., Zaitsev, E. M., Gleason, C. E., Patel, D. N., Bauer, A. J., Cantley, A. M., Yang, W. S., Morrison, B., Stockwell, B. R. (2012). Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death. Cell, 149(5), 1060-1072. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.042.
  • Fukada, T., Yamasaki, S., Nishida, K., Murakami, M., Hirano, T. (2011). Zinc homeostasis and signaling in health and diseases: Zinc signaling. J Biol Inorg Chem, 16(7), 1123-34. doi: 10.1007/s00775-011-0797-4.
  • Gao, H. M., Hong, J. S. (2008). Why neurodegenerative diseases are progressive: uncontrolled inflammation drives disease progression. Trends in Immunology, 29(8), 357-365. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2008.05.002.
  • Genoud, S., Roberts, B. R., Gunn, A. P., Halliday, G. M., Lewis, S. J. G., Ball, H. J., Hare, D. J., Double, K. L. (2017). Subcellular compartmentalisation of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in the Parkinson's disease brain. Metallomics, 9(10), 1447-1455. doi: 10.1039/c7mt00244k.
  • Gibson, R.S., King, J.C., Lowe, N. (2016). A review of dietary zinc recommendations. Food Nutr Bull, 37(4), 443-460. doi: 10.1177/0379572116652252.
  • Guerreiro, R. J., Bras, J. M., Santana, I., Januario, C., Santiago, B., Morgadinho, A. S., Ribeiro, M. H., Hardy, J., Singleton, A., Oliveira, C. (2006). Association of HFE common mutations with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment in a Portuguese cohort. BMC Neurol, 6, 24. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-6-24.
  • Guindi, M. (2019). Wilson disease. Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology, 36(6), 415-422. doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2019.07.008.
  • Hara, T., Takeda, T. A., Takagishi, T., Fukue, K., Kambe, T., Fukada, T. (2017). Physiological roles of zinc transporters: molecular and genetic importance in zinc homeostasis. J Physiol Sci, 67(2), 283-301. doi: 10.1007/s12576-017-0521-4.
  • Hentze, M. W., Muckenthaler, M. U., Galy, B., Camaschella, C. (2010). Two to tango: Regulation of mammalian iron metabolism. Cell, 142(1), 24-38.
  • Hinskens, B., Philcox, J. C., Coyle, P., Rofe, A. M. (2000). Increased zinc absorption but not secretion in the small intestine of metallothionein-null mice. Biological Trace Element Research, 78, 231-40. doi: 10.1385/BTER:78:1-3:231.
  • Hristova, V. A., Beasley, S. A., Rylett, R. J., Shaw, G. S. (2009). Identification of a novel Zn2+-binding domain in the autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson-related E3 ligase parkin. J Biol Chem, 284(22), 14978-86. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M808700200.
  • Kahraman, Ö. (2011). Süt ve süt ürünlerinin çinko ile zenginleştirilmesine ilişkin yaklaşımlar. Gıda, 36 (4), 241-248.
  • Kalia, L. V., Lang, A. E. (2015). Parkinson’s disease. Lancet, 386(9996), 896-912. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61393-3.
  • King, J. C., Shames, D. M., Lowe, N. M., Woodhouse, L. R., Sutherland, B., Abrams, S. A., Turnlund, J. R., Jackson, M. J. (2001). Effect of acute zinc depletion on zinc homeostasis and plasma zinc kinetics in men. Am J Clin Nutr, 74(1), 116-124. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/74.1.116.
  • Kim, M. J., Oh, S. B., Kim, J., Kim, K., Ryu, H. S., Kim, M. S., Ayton, S., Bush, A. I., Lee, J. Y., Chung, S. J. (2018). Association of metals with the risk and clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 55, 117-121. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.05.022
  • Marreiro, D. N., Cruz, K. J. C., Morais, J. B. S., Beserra, J. B., Severo, J. S., Oliveira, A. R. S. (2017). Zinc and oxidative stress: current mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel), 6(2), 24. doi: 10.3390/antiox6020024.
  • McGee, T. P., Houston, C. M., Brickley, S. G. (2013). Copper block of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in the mature cerebellum and striatum. J Neurosci, 33(33), 13431-5. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1908-13.2013
  • Nargund, S., Qiu, J., Goudar, C. T. (2015). Elucidating the role of copper in CHO cell energy metabolism using (13)C metabolic flux analysis. Biotechnol Prog, 31(5), 1179-86. doi: 10.1002/btpr.2131.
  • Nevitt, T., Ohrvik, H., Thiele, D. J. (2012). Charting the travels of copper in eukaryotes from yeast to mammals. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1823, 1580–1593. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.02.011.
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Beyin Homeostazında Bakır, Demir, Çinko Elementlerinin Parkinson Hastalığı ile İlişkisi

Yıl 2022, , 1 - 11, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.57244/dfbd.1073262

Öz

Elementler doğada farklı formlarda bulunmaktadırlar. Vücut ağırlığımızın yaklaşık %96’sını oksijen, karbon, hidrojen ve azot, %2,5’sını kalsiyum ve fosfor oluşturmaktadır. Geriye kalan yaklaşık %1,5’lik kısmı ise eser elementler (potasyum, sülfür, sodyum, magnezyum, flor, bakır, demir, çinko, manganez, kobalt, selenyum, iyot, klor, krom, molibden, lityum, stronsiyum, alüminyum, silisyum, kurşun, vanadyum, arsenik, brom) oluşturmaktadır. Eser elementler çeşitli biyolojik ve kimyasal reaksiyonlarda görev almakta ve sağlığın devamı için önem arz etmektedirler. Eser elementler hücresel fonksiyonların doğru yürütülmesi için gerekli olmalarının yanı sıra, emilim ve atılımlarında dengenin bozulması sonucu hücre için toksisite oluşturmaktadırlar. Özellikle metal eser elementlerde homeostazın bozulması canlı için yüksek toksisitede olmakta ve çeşitli hastalıklara sebebiyet vermektedir. Nörodejeneratif hastalıklardan biri olan Parkinson hastalığında, bakır ve demir elementlerinin beyin bölgelerindeki fazlalığı reaktif oksijen türleri (ROT) artışına ve beraberinde de oksidatif strese neden olmaktadır. Çinko elementi ve Parkinson hastalığı arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılabilmesi için çalışmalar devam etmekle beraber, mevcut veriler kapsamında beyin omurilik sıvısında ve substantia nigrada çinko homeostazında bozulma olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu sebeple henüz oluşum sebebi ve tedavisi bilinmeyen Parkinson hastalığında bu elementler ile yapılan çalışmaların aydınlatılmasının hastalığın oluşum yolaklarının aydınlatılmasına ve tedavisine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Moneim, A. M., Al-Kahtani, M. A., El-Kersh, M. A., Al-Omair, M. A. (2015). Free radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic and hepatoprotective actions of taurine and silymarin against CCl4 induced rat liver damage. PLoS One, 10(12):e0144509. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144509.
  • Abeliovich, A., Gitler, A. D. (2016). Defects in trafficking bridge Parkinson’s disease pathology and genetics. Nature, 539(7628), 207–216. doi: 10.1038/nature20414.
  • Abeyawardhane, D. L., Lucas, H. R. (2019). Iron redox chemistry and implications in the Parkinson's Disease brain. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 4609702. doi: 10.1155/2019/4609702.
  • Adalı, A., Yirün, A., Kocer Gumusel, B., Erkekoğlu, P. (2019). The possible effects of chemical agents on the development of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences, 8(3), 214-224. doi. 10.5336/pharmsci.2019-65605
  • Adani, G., Filippini, T., Michalke, B., Vinceti, M. (2020). Selenium and other trace elements in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Neuroepidemiology, 54(1), 1-23. doi: 10.1159/000502357.
  • Aslan, S. N., Karahalil, B. (2019). Oksidatif stres ve Parkinson hastalığı. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg, 43(1): 94-116. doi: 10.33483/jfpau.519964.
  • Atasever Arslan, B., Arslan, E. F., Satici, I., Yanik, A., Kusoglu Gultekin, S. (2021). Protective effects of Folic acid and Vitamin C against iron overload at the in vitro blood-brain barrier. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 4(3), 353-359. doi: 10.38001/ijlsb.886008
  • Bandmann, O., Weiss, K. H., Kaler, S. G. (2015). Wilson's disease and other neurological copper disorders. Lancet Neurol, 14(1), 103-113. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70190-5.
  • Barnham, K. J., Bush, A. I. (2008). Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Curr Opin Chem Biol, 12, 222–228. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.02.019.
  • Başol, G., Barutçuoğlu, B., Bozdemir, A. E. (2007). Demir homeostazının yeni düzenleyicisi hepsidin. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Derg, 5(3), 117-125.
  • Belaidi, A. A., Bush, A. I. (2015). Iron neurochemistry in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: targets for therapeutics. J Neurochem, 1, 179-197. doi:10.1111/jnc.13425
  • Blesa, J., Trigo-Damas, I., Quiroga-Varela, A., Jackson-Lewis, V. R. (2015). Oxidative stress and Parkinson’s disease. Front Neuroanat, 9, 91. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00091
  • Bisaglia, M., Bubacco, L. (2020). Copper ions and Parkinson’s disease: Why is homeostasis so relevant? Biomolecules, 10(2), 195. doi:10.3390/biom10020195.
  • Bisaglia, M., Filograna, R., Beltramini, M., Bubacco, L. (2014). Are dopamine derivatives implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease? Ageing Res Rev, 13, 107-114. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.12.009.
  • Cabrera, A., Alonzo, E., Sauble, E., Chu, Y. L., Nguyen, D., Linder, M. C., Sato, D. S., Mason, A. Z. (2008). Copper binding components of blood plasma and organs, and their responses to influx of large doses of 65Cu, in the mouse. Biometals, 21(5), 525-43. doi: 10.1007/s10534-008-9139-6.
  • Colvin, R. A., Holmes, W. R., Fontaine, C. P., Maret, W. (2010). Cytosolic zinc buffering and muffling: their role in intracellular zinc homeostasis. Metallomics, 2(5), 306–317. doi: 10.1039/b926662c.
  • Członkowska, A., Litwin, T., Dusek, P., Ferenci, P., Lutsenko, S., Medici, V., Rybakowski, J. K., Weiss, K. H., Schilsky, M. L. (2018). Wilson disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 6, 4(1), 21. doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0018-3.
  • Davies, K. M., Bohic, S., Carmona, A., Ortega, R., Cottam, V., Hare, D. J., Finberg, J. P., Reyes, S., Halliday, G. M., Mercer, J. F., Double, K. L. (2014). Copper pathology in vulnerable brain regions in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging, 35(4), 858-66. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.034.
  • De Lazzari, F., Bubacco, L., Whitworth, A. J., Bisaglia, M. (2018). Superoxide Radical Dismutation as New Therapeutic Strategy in Parkinson’s Disease. Aging Dis, 9(4), 716-728. doi: 10.14336/AD.2017.1018.
  • Dixon, S. J., Lemberg, K. M., Lamprecht, M. R., Skouta, R., Zaitsev, E. M., Gleason, C. E., Patel, D. N., Bauer, A. J., Cantley, A. M., Yang, W. S., Morrison, B., Stockwell, B. R. (2012). Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death. Cell, 149(5), 1060-1072. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.042.
  • Fukada, T., Yamasaki, S., Nishida, K., Murakami, M., Hirano, T. (2011). Zinc homeostasis and signaling in health and diseases: Zinc signaling. J Biol Inorg Chem, 16(7), 1123-34. doi: 10.1007/s00775-011-0797-4.
  • Gao, H. M., Hong, J. S. (2008). Why neurodegenerative diseases are progressive: uncontrolled inflammation drives disease progression. Trends in Immunology, 29(8), 357-365. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2008.05.002.
  • Genoud, S., Roberts, B. R., Gunn, A. P., Halliday, G. M., Lewis, S. J. G., Ball, H. J., Hare, D. J., Double, K. L. (2017). Subcellular compartmentalisation of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in the Parkinson's disease brain. Metallomics, 9(10), 1447-1455. doi: 10.1039/c7mt00244k.
  • Gibson, R.S., King, J.C., Lowe, N. (2016). A review of dietary zinc recommendations. Food Nutr Bull, 37(4), 443-460. doi: 10.1177/0379572116652252.
  • Guerreiro, R. J., Bras, J. M., Santana, I., Januario, C., Santiago, B., Morgadinho, A. S., Ribeiro, M. H., Hardy, J., Singleton, A., Oliveira, C. (2006). Association of HFE common mutations with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment in a Portuguese cohort. BMC Neurol, 6, 24. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-6-24.
  • Guindi, M. (2019). Wilson disease. Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology, 36(6), 415-422. doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2019.07.008.
  • Hara, T., Takeda, T. A., Takagishi, T., Fukue, K., Kambe, T., Fukada, T. (2017). Physiological roles of zinc transporters: molecular and genetic importance in zinc homeostasis. J Physiol Sci, 67(2), 283-301. doi: 10.1007/s12576-017-0521-4.
  • Hentze, M. W., Muckenthaler, M. U., Galy, B., Camaschella, C. (2010). Two to tango: Regulation of mammalian iron metabolism. Cell, 142(1), 24-38.
  • Hinskens, B., Philcox, J. C., Coyle, P., Rofe, A. M. (2000). Increased zinc absorption but not secretion in the small intestine of metallothionein-null mice. Biological Trace Element Research, 78, 231-40. doi: 10.1385/BTER:78:1-3:231.
  • Hristova, V. A., Beasley, S. A., Rylett, R. J., Shaw, G. S. (2009). Identification of a novel Zn2+-binding domain in the autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson-related E3 ligase parkin. J Biol Chem, 284(22), 14978-86. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M808700200.
  • Kahraman, Ö. (2011). Süt ve süt ürünlerinin çinko ile zenginleştirilmesine ilişkin yaklaşımlar. Gıda, 36 (4), 241-248.
  • Kalia, L. V., Lang, A. E. (2015). Parkinson’s disease. Lancet, 386(9996), 896-912. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61393-3.
  • King, J. C., Shames, D. M., Lowe, N. M., Woodhouse, L. R., Sutherland, B., Abrams, S. A., Turnlund, J. R., Jackson, M. J. (2001). Effect of acute zinc depletion on zinc homeostasis and plasma zinc kinetics in men. Am J Clin Nutr, 74(1), 116-124. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/74.1.116.
  • Kim, M. J., Oh, S. B., Kim, J., Kim, K., Ryu, H. S., Kim, M. S., Ayton, S., Bush, A. I., Lee, J. Y., Chung, S. J. (2018). Association of metals with the risk and clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 55, 117-121. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.05.022
  • Marreiro, D. N., Cruz, K. J. C., Morais, J. B. S., Beserra, J. B., Severo, J. S., Oliveira, A. R. S. (2017). Zinc and oxidative stress: current mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel), 6(2), 24. doi: 10.3390/antiox6020024.
  • McGee, T. P., Houston, C. M., Brickley, S. G. (2013). Copper block of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in the mature cerebellum and striatum. J Neurosci, 33(33), 13431-5. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1908-13.2013
  • Nargund, S., Qiu, J., Goudar, C. T. (2015). Elucidating the role of copper in CHO cell energy metabolism using (13)C metabolic flux analysis. Biotechnol Prog, 31(5), 1179-86. doi: 10.1002/btpr.2131.
  • Nevitt, T., Ohrvik, H., Thiele, D. J. (2012). Charting the travels of copper in eukaryotes from yeast to mammals. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1823, 1580–1593. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.02.011.
  • Özbolat, G., Tuli, A. (2016). Ağır metal toksisitesinin insan sağlığına etkileri. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 25(4), 502-521. doi:10.17827/aktd.253562.
  • Sensi, S. L., Paoletti, P., Koh, J. Y., Aizenman, E., Bush, A. I., Hershfinkel, M. (2011). The neurophysiology and pathology of brain zinc. J Neurosci, 31(45), 16076-85. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3454-11.2011.
  • Sikora, J., Ouagazzal, A. M. (2021). Synaptic zinc: an emerging player in Parkinson's disease. Int J Mol Sci, 22(9), 4724. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094724.
  • Tunç, B. (2008). Çocuklarda demir eksikliği anemisi. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg, 2(2), 43-57.
  • Tunçel, F. C., Atasever Arslan, B. (2019). Parkinson hastalığında alfa sinüklein fibrillerinin aksonal transportu. The Journal Of Neurobehavioral Sciences, 6(1), 62-66. doi: 10.5455/JNBS.1530369473
  • Wessells, K. R., Jorgensen, J. M. Hess, S. Y., Woodhouse, L. R., Peerson, J. M., Brown, K. H. (2010). Plasma zinc concentration responds rapidly to the initiation and discontinuation of short-term zinc supplementation in healthy men. The Journal of Nutrition, 140, 12, 2128–2133, https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.122812
  • Xu, J., Jia, Z., Knutson, M. D., Leeuwenburgh, C. (2012). Impaired iron status in aging research. Int J Mol Sci, 13(2), 2368-86. doi: 10.3390/ijms13022368.
  • Wang, X., Sommer, F. T., Hirsch, J. A. (2011). Inhibitory circuits for visual processing in thalamus. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 21 (5), 726-33. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2011.06.004
  • Wallace, D. F. (2016). The regulation of iron absorption and homeostasis. Clin Biochem Rev, 37(2), 51-62.
  • Yang, W., Nagasawa, K., Münch, C., Xu, Y., Satterstrom, K., Jeong, S., Hayes, S. D., Jedrychowski, M. P., Vyas, F. S., Zaganjor, E., Guarani, V., Ringel, A. E., Gygi, S. P., Harper, J. W., Haigis, M. C. (2016). Mitochondrial sirtuin network reveals dynamic SIRT3-dependent deacetylation in response to membrane depolarization. Cell, 167(4), 985-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.016.
  • Zecca, L., Bellei, C., Costi, P., Albertini, A., Monzani, E., Casella, L., Gallorini, M., Bergamaschi, L., Moscatelli, A., Turro, N. J., Eisner, M., Crippa, P. R., Ito, S., Wakamatsu, K., Bush, W. D., Ward, W. C., Simon, J. D., Zucca, F. A. (2008). New melanic pigments in the human brain that accumulate in aging and block environmental toxic metals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105 (45): 17567-72. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0808768105.
  • Zhang, W., Phillips, K., Wielgus, A. R., Liu, J., Albertini, A., Zucca, F. A., Faust, R., Qian, S. Y., Miller, D. S., Chignell, C. F., Wilson, B., Jackson-Lewis, V., Przedborski, S., Joset, D., Loike, J., Hong, J. S., Sulzer, D., Zecca, L. (2011). Neuromelanin activates microglia and induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons: İmplications for progression of Parkinson’s disease. Neurotox Res, 19(1), 63–72. doi: 10.1007/s12640-009-9140-z
  • Zhao, H. W., Lin, J., Wang, X. B., Cheng, X., Wang, J. Y., Hu, B. L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Zhu, J. H. (2013). Assessing plasma levels of selenium, copper, iron and zinc in patients of Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One, 8(12), e83060. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083060
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gizem Yatkın 0000-0001-9706-3574

Seda Kuşoğlu Gültekin 0000-0003-0674-1582

İrem Gülfem Albayrak 0000-0003-3218-7060

Belkis Atasever Arslan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Yatkın, G., Kuşoğlu Gültekin, S., Albayrak, İ. G., Atasever Arslan, B. (2022). Beyin Homeostazında Bakır, Demir, Çinko Elementlerinin Parkinson Hastalığı ile İlişkisi. Doğu Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.57244/dfbd.1073262