İSLAMİ ÇALIŞMA AHLAKI VE ÖRGÜTSEL ADALET ALGISI İLİŞKİSİ: ADALET/ADALETSİZLİK DURUMLARININ DÜZENLEYİCİ ROLÜ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı İslami çalışma ahlakı ve örgütsel adalet algısı arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu ilişkide adalet ve adaletsizlik durumlarının düzenleyici rolünü incelemektir. Çalışmanın hipotezi hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ile Türkiye’deki 193 akademisyenden toplanan veriler üzerinde test edilmiştir. Yapılan analize göre İslami çalışma ahlakının örgütsel adalet algısını olumlu olarak etkilediği; ancak bu etkisinin yalnızca durumsal faktörlerin adil olması durumunda ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Durumsal faktörlerin adaletsiz olması durumunda ise anlamlı hiçbir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Bulgular, adalet ve adaletsizliğin farklı kavramlar olduğunu ve örgütsel adalet algısı çalışmalarında ayrı ayrı ele alınması gerektiğini tartışan yazın ile uyumludur. Ayrıca bu çalışma, kişisel özellikler ile durumsal faktörlerin eşzamanlı etkisini göstererek örgütsel adalet yazınına katkı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İslami Çalışma Ahlakı
• Örgütsel Adalet Algısı
• Adalet ve Adaletsizlik

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ISLAMIC WORK ETHIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE PERCEPTION

Öz

The aim of this research is to synthesize the interaction between Islamic work ethic and organizational justice perception through the contextual moderating effect of fairness and unfairness. Hypothesis of the study was analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis on a sample of 193 academicians in Turkey. The results indicate that Islamic work ethic is interrelated with organizational justice perception positively only when the contextual factors are fair. However, when the situation is unfair, there is no significant relationship. These findings are in line with the extant literature according to which justice and injustice are two different constructs and they should be categorized separately in organizational justice research. In this vein, this study makes a contribution to organizational justice literature by addressing dispositional determinants and contextual factors concurrently.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Islamic Work Ethic
• Organizational Justice Perception
• Fairness vs. Unfairness

Kaynakça

1. Abeng, T. (1997). Business ethics in an Islamic context: perspectives of a Muslim business leader. Business Ethics Quarterly, 7(3), 47–54.
2. Abelson, R. P. (1985). A variance explanation paradox: When a little is a lot. Psychological Bulletin, 97(1), 129–133
3. Adams, J. S. (1963). Towards an understanding of inequity. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(5), 422-429.
4. Aflah, K. N., Suharnomo, S., Mas’ud, F., & Mursid, A. (2021). Islamic work ethics and employee performance: The role of islamic motivation, affective commitment, and job satisfaction. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business,8(1), 997–1007.
5. Ali, A. (1988). Scaling an Islamic work ethic. The Journal of Social Psychology, 128(5), 575-583.
6. Ali, A. J. (1992). The Islamic work ethic in Arabia. The Journal of Psychology, 126(5), 507-519.
7. Ali, A. J., & Al-Kazemi, A. A. (2007). Islamic work ethic in Kuwait. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 14(2), 93-104.
8. Brislin, R. W. (1980). Cross-cultural research methods. In Environment and Culture (pp. 47-82). Springer US.

9. Brockner, J. & Adsit, L. (1986). The moderating impact of sex on the equity–satisfaction relationship: a field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(4), 585-611.
10. Byrne, E. F. (1990). A Philosophical inquiry. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
11. Charlton, W., Mallinson, T., & Oakeshott, R. (1986). The Christian response to industrial capitalism. London: Sheed and Ward.
12. Chupradit, S., Jasiyah, R., Alazzawi, F. J., Zaroni, A. N., Norvadewi, N., Mahmudiono, T., ... & Bykanova, O. (2022). The impact of Islamic work ethics on organisational culture among Muslim staff. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 78(4), a7332.
13. Cohen, J. P. (1982). Convergence rates for the ultimate and penultimate approximations in extreme-value theory. Advances in Applied Probability, 14(4), 833-854.
14. Cohen-Charash, Y., & Spector, P. E. (2001). The role of justice in organizations: a meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86(2), 278-321.
15. Cojuharenco, I., & Patient, D. (2013). Workplace fairness versus unfairness: examining the differential salience of facets of organizational justice. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(3), 371-393.
16. Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: a construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386-412.
17. Colquitt, J. A. & Greenberg, J. (2003). Organizational justice: a fair assessment of the state of the literature. Organizational Behavior: The State of the Science, 159-200. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Mahwah, New Jersey.
18. Colquitt, J. A., Long, D. M., Rodell, J. B., & Halvorsen-Ganepola, M. D. (2015). Adding the “in” to justice: a qualitative and quantitative investigation of the differential effects of justice rule adherence and violation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 278-293.
19. Crawshaw, J. R., Cropanzano, R., Bell, C. M., & Nadisic, T. (2013). Organizational justice: new insights from behavioural ethics. Human Relations, 66(7), 885-904.
20. Cropanzano, R., & Schminke, M. (2001). Using social justice to build effective work groups. Groups at Work: Theory and Research, 143-171.
21. Cropanzano, R., & Stein, J. H. (2009). Organizational justice and behavioral ethics: promises and prospects. Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(2), 193-233.
22. Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4.
23. Gheitani, A., Imani, S., Seyyedamiri, N., & Foroudi, P. (2019). Mediating effect of intrinsic motivation on the relationship between Islamic work ethic, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in banking sector. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 12(1), 76–95.
24. Gilliland, S. W., & Chan, D. (2001). Methods and applications. Handbook of Industrial, Work and Organizational Psychology, 143-161.
25. Green, A. W. (1968). Sociology: An analysis of life in modern society. New York: McGraw-Hill.
26. Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16(2), 399-432.
27. Guadagnoli, E., & Velicer, W. F. (1988). Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin, 103(2), 265–275.
28. Farid, T., Iqbal, S., Jawahar, I. M., Ma, J., & Khan, M. K. (2018). The interactive effects of justice perceptions and Islamic work ethic in predicting citizenship behaviors and work engagement. Asian Business & Management, 18(1), 31–50.
29. Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
30. Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
31. Fine, R. (1983). The protestant ethic and the analytic ideal. Political Psychology, 4, 245-264.
32. Furnham, A. (1990). A content, correlational, and factor analytic study of seven questionnaire measures of the protestant work ethic. Human Relations, 43, 383-399.
33. Haider, A., & Nadeem, S. (2014). The relationship between emotional intelligence (ei) and organizational citizenship behaviour (ocb): The moderating role of Islamic work ethics (iwe). ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 16(1), 95-105.
34. Harvey, P., & Dasborough, M. T. (2006). "Entitled to be angry? Emotional responses to unfavorable outcomes." Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(4), 433–451.
35. Harvey, P., Dasborough, M. T., & Martinko, M. J. (2014). Exploring the role of individual differences in the emotional responses of employees. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(5), 724–742.
36. Imam, A., Abbasi, A. S., & Muneer, S. (2015). Employee performance from the lens of islamic work ethics: mediating role of personality x and y. Science International, 27(1), 415-422.
37. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
38. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
39. Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
40. Jia, H., Jia, R., & Karau, S. (2013). Cyberloafing and personality: the impact of the big five traits and workplace situational factors. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 20(3), 358-365.
41. Judge, T. A., & Zapata, C. P. (2015). The person–situation debate revisited: effect of situation strength & trait activation on the validity of the big five personality traits in predicting job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 58(4), 1149-1179.
42. Khan, A. A., & Gul, A. (2020). Interactive effects of paternalistic leadership and islamic work ethics on employees' psychological safety: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Islamic Business and Management, 10(1), 202–219.
43. Khan, K., Abbas, M., Gul, A., & Raja, U. (2015). Organizational justice and job outcomes: moderating role of Islamic work ethic. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(2), 235-246.
44. Kulik, C. T., Lind, E. A., Ambrose, M. L., & MacCoun, R. J. (1996). Understanding gender differences in distributive and procedural justice. Social Justice Research, 9(4), 351-369.
45. Laeheem, K. (2019). Relationships between Islamic ethical behavior and Islamic ways of life of Muslim youths in the three southern border provinces of Thailand. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(4), e2131.
46. Lehmann, H. (1993). The rise of capitalism: Weber versus Sombart. In h. Lehmann and g. Roth (eds.), Weber’s Protestant Ethic: Origins, Evidence, Contexts (pp. 195-208). Washington, DC: Cambridge University Press.
47. Lessnoff, M. H. (1994). The spirit of capitalism and the protestant ethic: an enquiry into the weber thesis. Brookfield, VT: Edward Elgar.
48. Nicklin, J. M., Greenbaum, R., McNall, L. A., Folger, R., & Williams, K. J. (2011). The importance of contextual variables when judging fairness: An examination of counterfactual thoughts and fairness theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 114(2), 127–141.
49. Nord, W. R., Brief, A. P., Atieh, J. M., & Doherty, E. M. (1988). Work values and the conduct of organizational behavior. Research in Organizational Behavior, 10, 1-42.
50. Nunnally, J. C. (1982). Reliability of measurement. Encyclopedia of Educational Research, 4, 1589-1601.
51. Pascarella, P. (1984). The new achievers: creating a modern work ethic. New York: Free Press.
52. Poggi, G. (1983). Calvinism and the capitalist spirit: max weber’s protestant ethic. Amherst University of Massachusetts Press.
53. Qayyum, A., Kousar, S., Jamil, R. A., & Sarmad, M. (2018). Relationship between work-family and interpersonal conflicts: Mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating effect of Islamic work ethics. Journal of Islamic Business and Management, 8(2), 501–519.
54. Rokhman, W. (2010). The effect of Islamic work ethics on work outcomes. EJBO-Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 15(1), 21-27.
55. Rokhman, W., & Hassan, A. (2012). Transformational leadership and work outcomes: organizational justice as mediator. World Review of Business Research, 2(4), 164-171.
56. Rokhman, W., & Hassan, A. (2014). The effect of Islamic work ethic on organisational justice. African Journal of Business Ethics, 6(1), 25-29.
57. Rupp, D. E., Wright, P. M., Aryee, S., & Luo, Y. (2015). Organizational justice, behavioral ethics, and corporate social responsibility: Finally the three shall merge. Management and Organization Review, 11(1), 15-24.
58. Shi, J., Lin, H., Wang, L., & Wang, M. (2009). Linking the big five personality constructs to organizational justice. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 37(2), 209-222.
59. Soleman, M., Armanu, A., Aisjah, S., & Sudjatno, S. (2020). Islamic job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to leave: Moderating role of Islamic work ethics. Management Science Letters, 10(6), 1359–1368.
60. Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (5th ed.). Routledge.
61. Sulaiman, R., Toulson, P., Brougham, D., Lempp, F., & Haar, J. (2021). The role of religiosity in ethical decision-making: A study on Islam and the Malaysian workplace. Journal of Business Ethics, 179(1), 297-313.
62. Topkara, U. (2025). On Responsibility: Islamic Ethical Thought Engages with Jewish Ethical Thought. Religions, 16(3), 274-284. Weber, M. (1958). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism (T. Parsons, Trans.). New York: Scribner.
63. Weiner, B. (2006). Social motivation, justice, and the moral emotions: An attributional approach. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
64. Yousef, D. A. (2001). Islamic work ethic–a moderator between organizational commitment and job satisfaction in a cross-cultural context. Personnel Review, 30(2), 152-169.