REPRESENTATION OF MIGRATION AND DISPLACEMENT IN CONTEMPORARY ART: SUITCASE, LUGGAGE AND BAG

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 37, 112 - 143

Figen Girgin

https://doi.org/10.15182/diclesosbed.1451415

Öz

The representation of migration, mobility, and displacement in contemporary art can take various forms. Contemporary artists often use elements such as maps, suitcases, luggage, and bags when they want to visually express concepts of displacement and relocation. This study aims to reveal how objects such as suitcases, luggage, and bags are used in contemporary art as representations of migration and displacement themes. This study is based on literature review approach. It focuses on the artworks of Vlassis Caniaris, Barthélémy Toguo, Dan Halter, Zoe Leonard, Mohamad Hafez, Mona Hatoum and Handan Börüteçene, which utilize suitcases, luggage, and bags as representations of migration and displacement. In light of the examined artworks, it has been observed that suitcases, luggage, and bags are often utilized to raise new questions about mobility and the migrant experience, which are typically associated with modernity and progress. These objects are considered expressions of crossing borders and alienation. The inability of the mobile individual to reach their desired destination, the endeavor to establish a new world, the search for belonging, nostalgia, memory, and exclusion are seen as metaphors symbolized by these objects. Additionally, these objects serve as powerful tools to deeply understand and express the emotional and physical experiences of migrants and refugees.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suitcase, Luggage, Bag, Migration, Contemporary Art

ÇAĞDAŞ SANATTA GÖÇ VE YERİNDEN EDİLME TEMASININ TEMSİLİ OLARAK BAVUL, VALİZ VE ÇANTA

Öz

Göç, hareketlilik ve yerinden edilme konuları, sanatçılar tarafından farklı şekillerde ele alınabilir. Çağdaş sanatçılar, yerinden edilme ve yer değiştirme kavramlarını görsel olarak ifade etmek istediklerinde genellikle harita, bavul, valiz ve çanta gibi öğelere başvururlar. Bu çalışmada, bavul, valiz ve çanta gibi nesnelerin çağdaş sanatta göç ve yerinden edilme temalarının temsili olarak nasıl kullanıldığını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma, konuyla ilgili literatür taraması yöntemine dayanmaktadır. Çalışma göç ve yerinden edilme temasının temsili olarak bavul, valiz ve çantaları kullanan: Vlassis Caniaris, Barthélémy Toguo, Dan Halter, Zoe Leonard, Mohamad Hafez, Mona Hatoum ve Handan Börüteçene’nin eserleri ile sınırlandırılmıştır. İncelenen eserler ışığında, bavulların, valizlerin ve çantaların genellikle modernlik ve ilerleme ile ilişkilendirilen hareketlilik ve göçmenlik deneyimi hakkında yeni sorular sormak için kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu nesneler, sınır ötesine geçiş ve yabancılaşmanın ifadesi olarak kabul edilir. Hareket halindeki bireyin istediği varış noktasına ulaşamaması, yeni bir dünya kurma çabası, aidiyet arayışı, nostalji, bellek ve dışlanma gibi kavramların bir metaforu olarak görülür. Ayrıca bu nesneler, göçmenlerin ve mültecilerin yaşadığı duygusal ve fiziksel deneyimi derinlemesine anlamak ve ifade etmek için güçlü birer araç olarak hizmet eder.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bavul, Valiz, Çanta, Göç, Çağdaş Sanat

Kaynakça

• Barry, K. (2019). Art and materiality in the global refugee crisis: Ai Weiwei’s artworks and the emerging aesthetics of mobilities. Mobilities, 14(2), 204-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2018.1533683
• Blume, E. (t.y.). Essay: Joseph Beuys- Amtlich, Um 1984/85, Ketterer Kunst. https://www.kettererkunst.com/details-e.php (Erişim Tarihi: 01.02.2024).
• Börüteçene, H. (t.y.). Bana Kendini Getir [Yerleştirme]. Handan Börüteçene resmi web sitesi. https://handanborutecene.com/portfolio-item/bana-kendini-getir/ (Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024).
• Bräunlein, P. J. (2022). Introduction. İçinde F. Yi-Neumann, A. Lauser, A. Fuhse ve P. J. Bräunlein (Eds.). Material culture and (forced) migration (ss. 159-170). UCL Press.
• Brooks, K. (2013, 26 Ocak). Migration is beautiful documentary: Artist Favianna Rodriguez talks immigrant rights and art’s role in politics (video). Huffpost. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/26/migration-is-beautiful-artist-favianna-rodriguez-documentary_n_2535690.html (Erişim Tarihi: 02.01.2024).
• Burrell, K. (2008). Materialising the border: Spaces of mobility and material culture in migration from post‐socialist Poland. Mobilities, 3(3), 353-373. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450100802376779
• Centre Pompidou. (t.y.). Meeting with Rayyane Tabet [20 February 2014], [Sergi]. Paris, Fransa. https://www.centrepompidou.fr/en/program/calendar/event/cRRBaEn (Erişim Tarihi: 25.02.2024).
• Cheng, Y. (2018). The bag is my home: Recycling “China Bags” in contemporary African art. African Arts, 51(2), 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1162/afar_a_00400
• Crooke, E. (2014). The migrant and the museum: Place and representation in Ireland. İçinde L. Gouriévidis (Ed.). Museums and migration: History, memory and politics (ss. 189- 201). Routledge.
• Demos, T. J. (2013). The exiles of Marcel Duchamp. The Mit Press.
• Diop, B. M. (2023). The notion of mobility in Barthélémy Toguo’s work: Reflection on decolonial artistic practice. İçinde M. Ott ve B. M. Diop (Eds.). Decolonial aesthetics I: Tangled humanism in the Afro-European context (ss. 95-112). J. B. Metzler.
• Dogramaci, B., & Mersmann, B. (2019). Art and global migration. Theories, practices, and challenges: Editorial introduction. İçinde B. Dogramaci ve B. Mersmann (Eds.). Handbook of art and global migration: Theories, practices, and challenges (ss. 1-13). De Gruyter.
• Dorléac, L. B. (2022, 21 Eylül). Barthélémy Toguo, the pillar of the missing migrants [12 October 2022-23 January 2022], [Sergi]. Louvre Museum, Paris, France. https://www.louvre.fr/en/what-s-on/life-at-the-museum/barthelemy-toguo-the-pillar-of-the-missing-migrants (Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2023).
• Duchamp, M. (1973). Salt seller: The writings of Marcel Duchamp. İçinde M. Sanouillet ve E. Peterson (Eds.). Oxford University Press.
• Dudley, S. H. (2010). Materialising exile: Material culture and embodied experience among Karenni refugees in Thailand. Berghahn Books.
• Galerie Lelong&Co. (t.y.). Barthélémy Toguo biography. Paris, Fransa. https://www.galerielelong.com/artists/barthelemy-toguo/slideshow?view=slider (Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2023).
• Gandhi, E. L. E., & Nguyen, V. (2023). Introduction. İçinde E. L. E. Gandhi ve V. Nguyen (Eds.). The Routledge handbook of refugee narratives. Routledge.
• Girgin, F. (2023). Çağdaş sanatta yerinden edilme temasının temsili olarak harita. İçinde A. Tilbe ve M. C. Atalay (Eds.). Göç ve sanat: Eleştirel incelemeler (ss. 151-184). Hiperyayın.
• Gouriévidis, L. (2014). Representing migration in museums: History, diversity and the politics of memory. İçinde L. Gouriévidis (Ed.). Museums and migration: History, memory and politics (ss. 1-24). Routledge.
• Gross, D. A. (2014, 9 Mayıs). The history of the humble suitcase. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/history-humble-suitcase-180951376/#rzPgBLHAwZl4R3WG.99 (Erişim Tarihi: 18.01.2024).
• Hafez, M. (2019, 3 Nisan). Unpacking “Unpacked” with Mohamed Hafez [Interview]. Yale Law School. https://law.yale.edu/yls-today/news/unpacking-unpacked-mohamed-hafez (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• Hafez, M. (t.y.). Baggage Series [Installations]. Official web cite of Mohamad Hafez. https://www.mohamadhafez.com/Baggage-Series (Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024).
• Halter, D. (t.y). Transnational blocks [Installations]. Official web cite of Dan Halter. http://danhalter.com/transnational-blocks/ (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• Handan Börüteçene: Bellek yittiğinde her güne sıfırdan başlarsınız. (2023, 19 Aralık). Dünya Gazetesi. https://www.dunya.com/kultur-sanat/handan-borutecene-bellek-yittiginde-her-gune-sifirdan-baslarsiniz-haberi-714038 (Erişim Tarihi: 08.02.2024).
• International Institute of New England. (2019, 22 Ekim). Suitcase stories featured at Institute of Contemporary Art. https://iine.org/suitcase-stories-featured-at-institute-of-contemporary-art/ (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• International Rescue Committee. (2015, 4 Eylül). What’s in my bag?: What refugees bring when they run for their lives. Medium. https://medium.com/uprooted/what-s-in-my-bag-758d435f6e62 (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• İstanbul Modern Sanat Müzesi. (t.y.). Handan Börüteçene, 1957/ Bana Kendini Getir, 2009 [Sergi]. İstanbul, Türkiye. https://www.istanbulmodern.org/koleksiyon/bana-kendini-getir (Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024).
• Josenhans, F. V. (2017). (Re)Defining the “I” in exile. İçinde F. V. Josenhans (Ed.). Artists in exile: Expressions of loss and hope (ss. 185-207). Yale University Press.
• Judovitz, D. (2005). Duchamp’s luggage physics: Art on the move. Postmodern Culture, 16(1).
• Kılıç, Y. (2012). Geçmişle gelecek arasında insan. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi (19), 77-90.
• Leonard, Z. (1961). 1961 [Installation]. Guggenheim Museum, New York, ABD. https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/33792 (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• Levey, C. (2023). Valijas militantes: Activist suitcases and memories of exile across the Spanish-speaking world. İçinde C. Giuliani ve K. Hodgson (Eds.). Memory, mobility, and material culture. Routledge.
• Libeskind, R. (2015, 10 Haziran). Multi-Media artist Rachel Libeskind reveals the art of packing in ‘The Traveling Bag’ [Interview]. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamlehrer/2015/06/10/multi-media-artist-rachel-libeskind-reveals-art-of-packing-in-new-performance-the-traveling-bag/?sh=463f3a7c5bcc (Erişim Tarihi: 01.02.2024).
• Lin, A. (2016, 12 Aralık). These artists create microcosmos with suitcase as art. Widewalls. https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/suitcase-art (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• Macdonald, S. (2013). Memorylands: Heritage and identity in Europe today. Routledge.
• Martin, M. (2016). Abstract art in South Africa: Then and now. İçinde I. Wünsche ve W. Groneyemer (Eds.). Practices of abstract art: Between anarchism and appropriation (ss. 225-248). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
• Mendelsohn, M. (2016, 18 Kasım). 9 artists who turned suitcases into works of art. https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-9-artists-who-turned-suitcases-into-works-of-art (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• Ohlin, A. (2008). Home and away: The strange surrealism of Mona Hatoum. İçinde N. al Issa & H. Saleh (Eds.). Mona Hatoum- Exhibition Catalogue. Darat al Funun- The Khalid Shoman Foundation. https://daratalfunun.org/?publication=mona-hatoum-2008 (Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024).
• Okwuosa, A. (2018, 10 Eylül). Barthélémy Toguo’s exhibition explores the push & pull of the global migration crisis. OkayAfrica. https://www.okayafrica.com/barthelemy-toguo-head-above-water-global-migration-crisis/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2023).
• Orthofer, M. (Manuskript) (1975, 23 Nisan). Über die ausstellung in Ingolstadt. Deutsches Fernsehen. https://archiv.ngbk.de/en/projekte/vlassis-caniaris/ (Erişim Tarihi: 30.01.2024).
• Parrish Art Museum. (2018). Barthélémy Toguo: The beauty of our voice [August 5-October 21, 2018], [Sergi]. New York, ABD. https://parrishart.org/exhibitions/platform-barthelemy-toguo/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2023).
• Pedrosa, A. (2024). Foreigners Everywhere. İçinde Biennale Arte 2024: 60th International Art Exhibition 20 April- 24 November 2024 [Broşür]. Venedik, İtalya. https://www.labiennale.org/en/art/2024 (Erişim Tarihi: 08.06.2024).
• Petronzio, M. (2017, 24 Ekim). Syrian artist uses suitcases to recreate the homes refugees left behind. Mashable. https://mashable.com/article/unpacked-refugee-baggage-suitcase-art-project (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• Pitt Rivers Museum. (t.y.). Memoirs in my suitcase: 10 December 2019- 31 May 2020 (extended to 20 September 2021) Archive Case (First Floor) Memoirs in My Suitcase [Sergi], [2019-2021]. Oxford, İngiltere. https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/event/memoirs-in-my-suitcase (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• Powell, A. K. (2018). A short history of the picture as box. Representations 141, 95-130. https://doi.org/10.1525/rep.2018.141.1.95
• Powell, A. K. (2023). Zoe Leonard’s Suitcases. İçinde C. Denoël, L. Dryansky, I. Marchesin ve E. Verhagen (Eds.). L’art médiéval est-il contemporain? Is Medieval art contemporary? (ss.229-244). Brepols Publishing.
• Radescu, E. (t.y.). Mona Hatoum: Work of body/The artist of body. Pavilion Magazine. https://www.pavilionmagazine.org/index-11/ (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• Rey, N. A. (2016). Memory in motion: Photographs in suitcases. İçinde M. Palmberger ve J. Tošić (Eds.). Memories on the move: Experiencing mobility, rethinking the past (ss. 101-126). Palgrave Macmillan.
• Rogoff, I. (2000). Terra Infirma: Geography’s visual culture. Routledge.
• Rona, Z. (2008). Börüteçene, Handan. İçinde Eczacıbaşı Sanat Ansiklopedisi: Resim, Heykel, Mimarlık, Tasarım, Arkeoloji, Fotoğraf (Cilt.1, ss. 259-260). Yem Yayın.
• Rosenheim, K. (2013). Smoke and clouds; Zoe Leonard’s 1961, 2002- Ongoing suitcases through the lens of Rosalind Krauss’s “The /Cloud/”. Drain Magazine. Black, 8(1). http://drainmag.com/smoke-and-clouds-zoe-leonards-1961-2002-ongoing-suitcases-through-the-lens-of-rosalind-krausss-the-cloud/ (Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024).
• Said, E. (1995). Entelektüel: Sürgün, marjinal, yabancı (Çev. T. Birkan). Ayrıntı Yayınları.
• Sansom, A. (2021, 25 Mayıs). An artist is a visionary: Cameroonian artist Barthélémy Toguo on why he began making art about viruses well before 2020. Artnet. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/barthelemy-toguo-interview-1971063 (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• Saybaşılı, N. (2011). Sınırlar ve hayaletler: Görsel kültürde göç hareketleri (Çev. B. Doğan). Metis Yayınları.
• Şanlı, A. (2022). Undocumented migration and the multiplicity of object lives. İçinde F. Yi-Neumann, A. Lauser, A. Fuhse ve P. J. Bräunlein (Eds.). Material culture and (forced) migration (ss. 147-156). UCL Press.
• Tao, K. (2020, 12 Ekim). The art of making: New immigration acquisitions. https://www.sea.museum/2020/10/12/the-art-of-making-new-immigration-acquisitions (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• Toguo, B. (t.y.). Transit [Installations]. Official web cite of Barthélémy Toguo. https://www.barthelemytoguo.com/transit/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2023).
• Tyilo, M. (2019, 10 Ağustos). The tricolour bag that came to symbolise migration. Daily Maverick. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-08-10-the-tricolour-bag-that-came-to-symbolise-migration/ (Erişim Tarihi: 03.12.2023).
• Ulz, M. (2019). Migration on display: Curatorial concepts and artistic approaches in France and Germany. İçinde B. Dogramaci ve B. Mersmann (Eds.). Handbook of art and global migration: Theories, practices, and challenges (ss. 315-330). De Gruyter.
• Vlassis Caniaris Gastarbeiter- Fremdarbeiter NGBK RealismusStudio/ 3. (1975). neue Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst, Berlin- Aus der Publikation (17 January- 12 February 1975). https://archiv.ngbk.de/en/projekte/vlassis-caniaris/ (Erişim Tarihi: 30.01.2024).
• Yıldız, E. (2021). Çağdaş sanatta göç teması, temsili ve çelişkileri üzerine. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi. 11(2), 482-497. https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.1049029