Toxoplasma, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence and Distribution by Age in Pregnant Women in Diyarbakir: Eight Years Experience

Öz

Objective: Toxoplasma, rubella and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections can cause malformations in the fetus, usually in the first three months of pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to examine the distribution of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) type and immunoglobulin G (IgG) type antibodies against toxoplasma, rubella and CMV in pregnant women in XXX over an 8-year period according to age groups. Methods: Pregnant women aged 15-49 years who applied to our hospital between 2015-2022 were included in this study. IgM and IgG antibodies for toxoplasma, rubella and CMV were studied with the Triturus automatic ELISA (Grifols SA, Barcelona, Spain) system and the Dia. ProDiagnostic Bioprobes (Milan, Italy) brand kit. Relationships between age groups and antibody seropositivity were investigated with the chi-square method at the p<0.05 significance level. Results: IgM and IgG positivity values were 170 (0.8%) and 4455 (35.2%) for toxoplasma, 12 (0.1%) and 8711 (91.2%) for rubella, and 133 (1.5%) for CMV and 5012 (98.7%). While there was a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 233.250, p = 0.00) in the distribution of toxoplasma IgG seropositivity according to age groups, there was no significant difference in the distribution of other antibodies. Conclusion: There was a high rate of CMV and rubella seropositivity in pregnant women in our region. Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity was found to increase with age. However, seronegativity rates were still high. For this reason, pregnant women should continue to be screened, parasite vaccinations of pets should not be neglected, and seronegative pregnant women should stay away from undercooked meat and vegetables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pregnancy
• Seroprevalence
• Toxoplasma
• Rubella
• Cytomegalovirus

Kaynakça

1. 1.Toklu GD. Antibodies Frequency AgainstToxoplasmosis, Rubella Virus and Cytomegalovirusin Pregnant Women. J Clin Anal Med. 2013;4(1):38-40.
2. 2.Bakacak M, Bostancı MS, Köstü B, et al.Seroprevalance of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella andcytomegalovirus among pregnant women. Dicle Med J.2014;41(2):326-31.
3. 3.Saraçoğlu F, Şahin İ. Prevalence of Toxoplasmosisin a Pregnant Population and Seroconversion Rate of Seronegative Pregnants. T Klin Gynecol Obst.2001;11:326-8.
4. 4.Töre O. Toxoplasma gondii. In: Topçu AW, SöyletirG, Doğanay M, ed. Infectious diseases andmicrobiology. 3rd edition. Istanbul: Nobel MedicalBookstores, 2008;947-56.
5. 5.Efe Ş, Kurdoğlu Z, Korkmaz G. Seroprevalance ofCytomegalovirus, Rubella and ToxoplasmaAntibodies in Pregnant Women of Van Region. VanMed J. 2009;16:6-9.
6. 6.Iraz M, Gültepe B, Ceylan A, Doymaz MZ.Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma and Rubella inChildbearing Age Women. Abant Med J.2015;4(1):11-4.
7. 7.Obut M, Doğan Y, Bademkıran MH, et al.Toxoplasma, Rubella and Cytomegalovirusseroprevalence in pregnant women in Diyarbakir.Dicle Med J. 2019;46(2):189-94.
8. 8.Selek MB, Bektöre B, Baylan O, Özyurt M.Serological Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii onPregnant Women and Toxoplasmosis SuspectedPatients Between 2012-2014 Years on a TertiaryTraining Hospital. Turkiye Parazitol Derg.2015;39:200-4.

9. 9.Numan O, Vural F, Aka N, Alpay M, Coşkun ErtürkAD. TORCH seroprevalence among patientsattending Obstetric Care Clinic of HaydarpasaTraining and Research Hospital affiliated toAssociation of Istanbul Northern Anatolia PublicHospitals. North Clin Istanbul. 2015;2(3):203-9.
10. 10.Keskin DD, Keskin S. Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV,HBV, Anti-HBs, HCV, HIV Seroprevalence in FirstTrimester Pregnant Women. Selcuk Med J.2013;29(3):123-6.
11. 11.Kayman T, Kayman M. Seroprevalence oftoxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Kayseri.Perinatal J. 2010;18(3):92-6.
12. 12.Madendağ Y, Eraslan Şahin M, Çöl Madendağ İ, etal. Investigation of toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus and rubella seroprevalence in pregnant womenadmitted to our hospital. Perinatal J. 2018;26(1):7-10.
13. 13.Gülseren YD, Esenkaya Taşbent F, Özdemir M.Investigation of Cytomegalovirus and RubellaSeroprevalence and Age Related Distribution inPregnant Women. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cem Derg.2019;49(3):154-61.
14. 14. Tekin AC, Deveci Ö, Yula E. The seroprevalence ofantibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Rubellavirus among childbearing age women in Mardinprovince. J Clin Exp Invest. 2010;1(2):81-5.
15. 15.Kasap B, Öner G, Küçük M, et al. The Evaluationof Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus andHepatitis Prevalence of Pregnant Women in Muğla. JTepecik Educ Hosp. 2017;27(1):31-6.
16. 16.Şay Coşkun US, Yılmaz DH. Toxoplasma gondiiand Rubella Seroprevalence in Pregnancies: Two-Years Evaluation. F. Ü. Sağ. Bil. Tıp. Derg. 2018;32(3):119-122.
17. 17.Varol GF, Sayın NC, Soysüren S. Seroprevalanceof Toxoplasma Gondii Antibodies in AntenatalPopulation of Trakya Region. J Turk Soc ObstetGynecol. 2011;8(2):93-9.
18. 18.Avcioglu F., Mustafa B., and Kurtoglu M.G."Evaluation of Toxoplasma, Rubella, andCytomegalovirus serological results in women ofchildbearing age." Rev Assoc Med Bras.2020;66(6):789-93.
19. 19.Tüfekci EF, Yaşar Duman M, Çalışır B, Kılınç Ç,Uzel A. Investigation of Toxoplasma gondiiSeropositivity in Pregnant Women in KastamonuProvince, Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg.2022;46(4):288-92.
20. 20.Taşbent EF, Beder D, Özdemir M, Doğan M,Feyzioğlu B. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii inDifferent Patient Groups in Our Hospital. TurkiyeParazitol Derg. 2022;46(1):1-6.
21. 21.Bahçeci İ, Karaca E, Duran ÖF, et al.Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella andCytomegalovirus in Women of Fertility Age in OurRegion. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2023;47(1):11-5.
22. 22.Wang LC, Yan F, Ruan JX, Xiao Y, Yu Y. TORCHscreening used appropriately in China?-three yearsresults from a teaching hospital in northwest China.BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):484.
23. 23.Al-Hakami AM, Paul E, Al-Abed F, et al.Prevalence of toxoplasmosis, rubella,cytomegalovirus, and herpes (TORCH) infectionsamong women attending the antenatal care clinic,maternity hospital in Abha, Southwestern SaudiArabia. Saudi Med J. 2020;41(7):757-62.
24. 24.Nabizadeh E, Ghotaslou A, Salahi B, Ghotaslou R.The Screening of Rubella Virus, Cytomegalovirus,Hepatitis B Virus, and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Prepregnancy and Reproductive-Age Women inTabriz, Iran. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol.2022;1(1):4490728.
25. 25.Mocanu AG, Gorun F, Ciohat I, et al. Simultaneous Seroprevalence to Toxoplasma gondii,Cytomegalovirus and Rubella Virus in ChildbearingWomen from Western Romania. Medicina (Kaunas).2021;57(9):927.
26. 26.Hicks VJ, Sánchez C, López MR, et al.Seroprevalence of high incidence congenitalinfections among pregnant women in Coatepeque,Guatemala and surrounding areas, 2017-2018. PLoSNegl Trop Dis. 2023;17(4):e0011248.