Araştırma Makalesi
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Missed Hemothorax After Posterior Correction Surgery for Pediatric Spinal Deformity

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 52 Sayı: 4, 729 - 735, 12.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1840701

Öz

Background: Hemothorax represents a rare but serious complication after posterior correction surgery (PCS) for spinal deformities, occurring in roughly 0.1% of cases. When diagnosis is delayed or the condition is missed, the clinical consequences can be severe. In this retrospective review, we evaluated pediatric patients who developed hemothorax after PCS, aiming to describe the perioperative diagnostic difficulties and management experiences encountered.
Methods: From 2016 to 2021, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 135 children who underwent posterior correction surgery for spinal deformity. Five of these patients were diagnosed with postoperative hemothorax and were included in the study. The variables assessed comprised demographic information, intraoperative imaging findings, the onset of hemodynamic deterioration, and the treatments applied.
Results: The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 12.4 ± 2.9 years. Intraoperative posteroanterior chest radiographs were routinely obtained to confirm the placement of spinal instrumentation. A retrospective review of these films showed clear signs of hemothorax in four children and suspicious findings in one. None of the cases received intraoperative intervention for hemothorax. Because of subsequent hemodynamic instability, all five were transferred from the ward to the intensive care unit at different times after surgery. Chest tube drainage was required in three patients, thoracentesis in one, and surgical decortication in another.
Conclusion: Early recognition of hemothorax plays a key role in preventing postoperative complications. For patients considered at higher risk, intraoperative bedside thoracic ultrasonography should be routinely employed. When this option is not accessible, performing a chest X-ray in the reverse Trendelenburg position before extubation may help reduce the likelihood of a missed diagnosis

Etik Beyan

After receiving approval from the Gazi University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Date: October 18, 2021; Decision no: 02), we retrospectively examined the electronic medical records of pediatric patients who underwent posterior correction surgery for spinal deformity at our institution between 2016 and 2021.

Kaynakça

  • 1.Zeiler J, Idell S, Norwood S, Cook A. Hemothorax: areview of the literature. Clin Pulm Med. 2020;27(1):1–12.doi:10.1097/CPM.0000000000000343
  • 2.Sugawara R, Takeshita K, Takahashi J, et al. Thecomplication trends of pediatric spinal deformity surgeryin Japan - The Japanese Scoliosis Society Morbidity andMortality survey from 2012 to 2017. J Orthop Sci.2021;26(5):744-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jos.2020.07.007
  • 3. Beyer CA, Ruf AC, Alshawi AB, Cannon JW. Management of traumatic pneumothorax and hemothorax. Curr ProblSurg. 2025;63:101707.doi:10.1016/j.cpsurg.2024.101707
  • 4.Newton PO, Faro FD, Gollogly S, Betz RR, Lenke LG,Lowe TG. Results of preoperative pulmonary functiontesting of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a study ofsix hundred and thirty-one patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(9):1937–46. doi:10.2106/JBJS.D.02209
  • 5.Rajmani V, Bhagawati D, Noordeen H, Lehovsky J,Gibson A. Incidence of early pulmonary complicationsrequiring chest tube insertion in surgically treatedpaediatric scoliosis. Spine J. 2017;17(Suppl 3):S5.doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2016.12.016
  • 6.Liang W, Yu B, Wang Y, et al. Pleural effusion in spinaldeformity correction surgery: a report of 28 cases in asingle center. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0154964.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154964
  • 7.Patel NJ, Dultz L, Ladhani HA, et al. Management ofsimple and retained hemothorax: a practice managementguideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery ofTrauma. Am J Surg. 2021;221(5):873-84. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.11.032
  • 8.Ogura Y, Watanabe K, Hosogane N, Toyama Y,Matsumoto M. Acute respiratory failure due tohemothorax after posterior correction surgery foradolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a case report. BMCMusculoskelet Disord. 2013;14:132. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-132
  • 9.Wang Y, Hai Y, Liu Y, Guan L, Liu T. Risk factors forpostoperative pulmonary complications in the treatmentof non-degenerative scoliosis by posteriorinstrumentation and fusion. Eur Spine J.2019;28(6):1356-62. doi: 10.1007/s00586-019-05968-5
  • 10.Yang JH, Kim HJ, Chang DG, Suh SW. Minimallyinvasive scoliosis surgery for adolescent idiopathicscoliosis using posterior mini-open technique. J ClinNeurosci. 2021;89:199-205. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2021.05.011
  • 11.Giotta Lucifero A, Gragnaniello C, Baldoncini M, et al.Rating the incidence of iatrogenic vascular injuries inthoracic and lumbar spine surgery: a PRISMA-basedliterature review. Eur Spine J. 2021;30(11):3172-90.doi:10.1007/s00586-021-06956-4
  • 12.French DG, Dilena M, LaPlante S, et al. Optimizingpostoperative care protocols in thoracic surgery: bestevidence and new technology. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8 (Suppl 1):S3-S11. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072- 1439.2015.10.67
  • 13.Mahoozi HR, Volmerig J, Hecker E. ModernManagement of Traumatic Hemothorax. J Trauma Treat.2016;5(3):326-31. doi:10.4172/2167-1222.1000326
  • 14.Chung MH, Hsiao CY, Nian NS, et al. The benefit ofultrasound in deciding between tube thoracostomy andobservative management in hemothorax resulting fromblunt chest trauma. World J Surg. 2018;42(7):2054-60.doi: 10.1007/s00268-017-4417-5
  • 15.Ratwani AP, Grosu H, Husnain SU, et al. Post-thoracentesis ultrasound vs. chest radiography for theevaluation of effusion evacuation and lung re-expansion:a multicenter study. Ann Am Thorac Soc.2025;22(9):1321-28. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.202410-1095OC
  • 16.Koh EY, Wang SK, DuBose JJ, et al. Leveragingmulticenter databases to improve care in pediatricvascular surgery. J Pediatr Surg. 2025; 162239.doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162239

Pediatrik Spinal Deformite Nedeniyle Uygulanan Posterior Düzeltme Cerrahisi Sonrası Gözden Kaçan Hemotoraks

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 52 Sayı: 4, 729 - 735, 12.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1840701

Öz

Giriş: Hemotoraks, spinal deformiteler için posterior düzeltme cerrahisi (PCS) sonrası nadir fakat ciddi bir komplikasyondur ve vakaların yaklaşık %0,1'inde görülür. Tanı geciktiğinde veya durum gözden kaçırıldığında, klinik sonuçlar ciddi olabilir. Bu retrospektif derlemede, PCS sonrası hemotoraks gelişen pediatrik hastaları değerlendirerek, perioperatif tanı zorluklarını ve karşılaşılan tedavi deneyimlerini tanımlamayı amaçladık.
Yöntemler: 2016-2021 yılları arasında, spinal deformite nedeniyle posterior düzeltme ameliyatı geçiren 135 çocuğun kayıtlarını retrospektif olarak inceledik. Bu hastalardan beşine postoperatif hemotoraks tanısı konuldu ve çalışmaya dahil edildi. Değerlendirilen değişkenler demografik bilgiler, intraoperatif görüntüleme bulguları, hemodinamik bozulmanın başlangıcı ve uygulanan tedavilerden oluşuyordu.
Bulgular: Ameliyat sırasındaki ortalama hasta yaşı 12,4 ± 2,9 yıldı. Spinal enstrümantasyonun yerleşimini doğrulamak için rutin olarak ameliyat sırasında posteroanterior göğüs radyografileri çekildi. Bu filmlerin retrospektif incelemesinde dört çocukta net hemotoraks belirtileri, birinde ise şüpheli bulgular görüldü. Olguların hiçbirine hemotoraks için ameliyat sırasında müdahale edilmedi. Daha sonra gelişen hemodinamik instabilite nedeniyle beş hasta da ameliyattan sonra farklı zamanlarda servisten yoğun bakım ünitesine transfer edildi. Üç hastada göğüs tüpü drenajı, birinde torasentez ve bir diğerinde cerrahi dekortikasyon gerekti.
Sonuç: Hemotoraksın erken tanısı, postoperatif komplikasyonların önlenmesinde önemli bir rol oynar. Daha yüksek risk altında olduğu düşünülen hastalarda, ameliyat sırasında yatak başı torasik ultrasonografi rutin olarak kullanılmalıdır. Bu seçenek mümkün olmadığında, ekstübasyondan önce ters Trendelenburg pozisyonunda göğüs röntgeni çekilmesi, tanı atlanma olasılığını azaltmaya yardımcı olabilir.

Kaynakça

  • 1.Zeiler J, Idell S, Norwood S, Cook A. Hemothorax: areview of the literature. Clin Pulm Med. 2020;27(1):1–12.doi:10.1097/CPM.0000000000000343
  • 2.Sugawara R, Takeshita K, Takahashi J, et al. Thecomplication trends of pediatric spinal deformity surgeryin Japan - The Japanese Scoliosis Society Morbidity andMortality survey from 2012 to 2017. J Orthop Sci.2021;26(5):744-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jos.2020.07.007
  • 3. Beyer CA, Ruf AC, Alshawi AB, Cannon JW. Management of traumatic pneumothorax and hemothorax. Curr ProblSurg. 2025;63:101707.doi:10.1016/j.cpsurg.2024.101707
  • 4.Newton PO, Faro FD, Gollogly S, Betz RR, Lenke LG,Lowe TG. Results of preoperative pulmonary functiontesting of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a study ofsix hundred and thirty-one patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(9):1937–46. doi:10.2106/JBJS.D.02209
  • 5.Rajmani V, Bhagawati D, Noordeen H, Lehovsky J,Gibson A. Incidence of early pulmonary complicationsrequiring chest tube insertion in surgically treatedpaediatric scoliosis. Spine J. 2017;17(Suppl 3):S5.doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2016.12.016
  • 6.Liang W, Yu B, Wang Y, et al. Pleural effusion in spinaldeformity correction surgery: a report of 28 cases in asingle center. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0154964.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154964
  • 7.Patel NJ, Dultz L, Ladhani HA, et al. Management ofsimple and retained hemothorax: a practice managementguideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery ofTrauma. Am J Surg. 2021;221(5):873-84. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.11.032
  • 8.Ogura Y, Watanabe K, Hosogane N, Toyama Y,Matsumoto M. Acute respiratory failure due tohemothorax after posterior correction surgery foradolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a case report. BMCMusculoskelet Disord. 2013;14:132. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-132
  • 9.Wang Y, Hai Y, Liu Y, Guan L, Liu T. Risk factors forpostoperative pulmonary complications in the treatmentof non-degenerative scoliosis by posteriorinstrumentation and fusion. Eur Spine J.2019;28(6):1356-62. doi: 10.1007/s00586-019-05968-5
  • 10.Yang JH, Kim HJ, Chang DG, Suh SW. Minimallyinvasive scoliosis surgery for adolescent idiopathicscoliosis using posterior mini-open technique. J ClinNeurosci. 2021;89:199-205. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2021.05.011
  • 11.Giotta Lucifero A, Gragnaniello C, Baldoncini M, et al.Rating the incidence of iatrogenic vascular injuries inthoracic and lumbar spine surgery: a PRISMA-basedliterature review. Eur Spine J. 2021;30(11):3172-90.doi:10.1007/s00586-021-06956-4
  • 12.French DG, Dilena M, LaPlante S, et al. Optimizingpostoperative care protocols in thoracic surgery: bestevidence and new technology. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8 (Suppl 1):S3-S11. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072- 1439.2015.10.67
  • 13.Mahoozi HR, Volmerig J, Hecker E. ModernManagement of Traumatic Hemothorax. J Trauma Treat.2016;5(3):326-31. doi:10.4172/2167-1222.1000326
  • 14.Chung MH, Hsiao CY, Nian NS, et al. The benefit ofultrasound in deciding between tube thoracostomy andobservative management in hemothorax resulting fromblunt chest trauma. World J Surg. 2018;42(7):2054-60.doi: 10.1007/s00268-017-4417-5
  • 15.Ratwani AP, Grosu H, Husnain SU, et al. Post-thoracentesis ultrasound vs. chest radiography for theevaluation of effusion evacuation and lung re-expansion:a multicenter study. Ann Am Thorac Soc.2025;22(9):1321-28. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.202410-1095OC
  • 16.Koh EY, Wang SK, DuBose JJ, et al. Leveragingmulticenter databases to improve care in pediatricvascular surgery. J Pediatr Surg. 2025; 162239.doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162239
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi, Tıp Eğitimi, Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Alparslan Kapisiz Bu kişi benim

Cem Kaya

Zafer Türkyılmaz

Ramazan Karabulut

Alim Can Baymurat

Kaan Sönmez

Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 17 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 52 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Kapisiz, A., Kaya, C., Türkyılmaz, Z., … Karabulut, R. (2025). Missed Hemothorax After Posterior Correction Surgery for Pediatric Spinal Deformity. Dicle Medical Journal, 52(4), 729-735. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1840701
AMA Kapisiz A, Kaya C, Türkyılmaz Z, Karabulut R, Baymurat AC, Sönmez K. Missed Hemothorax After Posterior Correction Surgery for Pediatric Spinal Deformity. diclemedj. Aralık 2025;52(4):729-735. doi:10.5798/dicletip.1840701
Chicago Kapisiz, Alparslan, Cem Kaya, Zafer Türkyılmaz, Ramazan Karabulut, Alim Can Baymurat, ve Kaan Sönmez. “Missed Hemothorax After Posterior Correction Surgery for Pediatric Spinal Deformity”. Dicle Medical Journal 52, sy. 4 (Aralık 2025): 729-35. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1840701.
EndNote Kapisiz A, Kaya C, Türkyılmaz Z, Karabulut R, Baymurat AC, Sönmez K (01 Aralık 2025) Missed Hemothorax After Posterior Correction Surgery for Pediatric Spinal Deformity. Dicle Medical Journal 52 4 729–735.
IEEE A. Kapisiz, C. Kaya, Z. Türkyılmaz, R. Karabulut, A. C. Baymurat, ve K. Sönmez, “Missed Hemothorax After Posterior Correction Surgery for Pediatric Spinal Deformity”, diclemedj, c. 52, sy. 4, ss. 729–735, 2025, doi: 10.5798/dicletip.1840701.
ISNAD Kapisiz, Alparslan vd. “Missed Hemothorax After Posterior Correction Surgery for Pediatric Spinal Deformity”. Dicle Medical Journal 52/4 (Aralık2025), 729-735. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1840701.
JAMA Kapisiz A, Kaya C, Türkyılmaz Z, Karabulut R, Baymurat AC, Sönmez K. Missed Hemothorax After Posterior Correction Surgery for Pediatric Spinal Deformity. diclemedj. 2025;52:729–735.
MLA Kapisiz, Alparslan vd. “Missed Hemothorax After Posterior Correction Surgery for Pediatric Spinal Deformity”. Dicle Medical Journal, c. 52, sy. 4, 2025, ss. 729-35, doi:10.5798/dicletip.1840701.
Vancouver Kapisiz A, Kaya C, Türkyılmaz Z, Karabulut R, Baymurat AC, Sönmez K. Missed Hemothorax After Posterior Correction Surgery for Pediatric Spinal Deformity. diclemedj. 2025;52(4):729-35.