Araştırma Makalesi
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Cami Mimarisinin Başlangıcından Günümüze Sürdürülebilirlik Unsurları

Yıl 2024, , 1175 - 1206, 27.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.61304/did.1459221

Öz

1970’lerde sürdürülebilir mimarinin öncüleri, uluslararası modernizm tarzını ekolojik nitelikleri açısından incelemeye başladı. Bunu takip eden on yıllarda çevre konusu bir kriz olarak ele alındı. Günümüzde, iklim değişikliği konusunda önemli bir dönüm noktası yaşandığına şüphe yoktur. Dünya genelinde insanlar tarafından kullanılan enerjinin önemli bir yüzdesi binalarda tüketildiğinden, yeşil mimari konusu tartışmasız dikkate alınmak durumundadır. Mimarlık tarihinde, bugünün sorunlarına yönelik çözümler için ilham kaynağı olabilecek çok sayıda örnek bulmaktayız. Bu makale, başlangıcından günümüze cami mimarisindeki sürdürülebilirlik unsurlarını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Giriş bölümünde, İslâm mimarisinin çevre bilinci ile ilgili gelişimi tematik olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bunu, aşağıdaki başlıklar çarçevesinde analiz edilen örnekler takip etmektedir: Çok işlevlilik, doğal malzemeler, doğal aydınlatma ve havalandırma, sürdürülebilir tasarım stratejileri, kültürel sürdürülebilirlik ve son olarak modern çağda çevre dostu ve enerji bilinçli tasarım.

Kaynakça

  • Al Touma, A. - Quahrani, D. “Enhanced Thermal Performance of Mosques in Qatar”. IOP Confence Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2017.
  • A. Brumm - A. A. Oktaviana - B. Burhan - B. Hakim - R. Lebe - J.-x. Zhao - P. H. Sulistyarto - M. Ririmasse - S. Adhityatama - I. Sumantri - M. Aubert. “Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi”. Science Advances (2021) Vol. 7, No3.
  • Algül, Hüseyin. “Mescid-i Kubâ”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 29/279-280. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2004.
  • Al-Mohammed, R. Examining The Sustainable Mosque Design in Qatar Through the Global Sustainability Assessment Sytem (GSAS). Hamad Bin Khalifa University, The College of Islamic Studies, Master Thesis.
  • Arslantaş A. Ş. Ayçam, İ. “A Study On Examining Present Mosque Archıtecture Within The Scope Of Sustainability Principles”. 2.Uluslararası Akdeniz Bilimsel Araştırmalar Ve İnovasyon Kongresi. Girne Cyprus (KKTC): 2022.
  • Atmaca, A.B. - Zorer, G. “Evaluation of mosques in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption in a temperatehumid climate”. Energy &Buildings (2019), 195-204.
  • Bagder, A. El-Sabbagh - A. Al-Glayand - M. Samarrai, M. Environmental Protection in Islam. Cambridge: IUCN, 1994.
  • Akşit, A. “Notes On The Construction Date Of Arslanhane Mosque”. USAD (Güz 2018), 9/ 172-180.
  • Behling, Sofia - Behling, Stefan. Sol Power: Die Evolution der Solaren Architektur. München, New York: Prestel Verlag, 1996.
  • Bozkurt, Nebi - Küçükaşçı, Mustafa Sabri. “Mescid-i Nebevî”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 29/281-290. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2004.
  • Bsoul, Labeeb - Omer, Amani - Kucukalic, Lejla - Archbold, Ricardo H. “Islam’s Perspective on Environmental Sustainability: A Conceptual Analysis”. Social Sciences MDPI (2022), vol. 11(6), pages 1-11, May.
  • Burckhardt, Titus. İslam Sanatı Dil ve Anlam. İstanbul: Klasik, 2012.
  • Cüceloglu, Doğan. Var mısın?. İstanbul: Kronik, 2021.
  • Diker, H. Fırat. Ayasofya ve Onarımları. İstanbul: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2016.
  • EI-shorbagy Abdel-moniem M. The Architecture of Hassan Fathy: Between Western and Non-western Perspectives. University of Canterbury, PhD. Thesis. 2001.
  • Eyice, Semavi. “Ahî Şerafeddin Camii”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 1/531. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 1988.
  • Eyüpgiller, Kemal Kutgün. “Türkiye’de 20. Yüzyıl Cami Mimarisi”. Mimarlık 331 (2006), 20-27.
  • Fathy, Hassan. Architecture for the poor: an experiment in rural Egypt. University of Chicago Press, 1973.
  • Gastón Sanglier Contreras, Roberto A. González Lezcano - Eduardo J. López Fernández - Carlos M. Iglesias Sanz. “Building Materials and Their Impact on the Environment”. Contemporary Engineering Sciences (2022), vol. 15, no. 1, 51-61.
  • Hattstein, Markus - Delius, Peter. İslam Sanatı ve Mimarisi. İstanbul: Literatür, 2007.
  • İbiş, F. “Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Camii ve Sanatsal İmgeleri”. Yasama Dergisi (2022), vol.46, p: 147-174.
  • Imriyanti, “Mosque Architecture As A Sustainable Building in Urban (Case Study: Al Markas Al Islamic Mosque Makassar)”. Journal of Islamic Architecture (2013), vol. 2, issue 4.
  • Jassim, Jamal Abed Al Wahid. “A New Design Of The Minaret As A Two - Sides Wind Catcher Integrated With The Wing Wall For Passive Evaporative Cooling In Hot Climates”. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (2018), vol. 13, No. 11 3856 – 3873.
  • Jianzhuang Xiao - Deng Lu - Jingwei Ying. “Durability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete: An Overview”. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology (2013), vol. 11, issue 12, Pages 347-359.
  • Kowanda-Yassin, Ursula. Naturnähe und Naturverständnis in den Grundlagen des sunnitischen Islams - Ein Beitrag zum aktuellen Umweltdiskurs. Vienna: Uni Wien Phd Thesis, 2010.
  • Lehner, Erich. Roots of Architecture – Building Traditions in Non-European Cultures. Wien: IVA-ICRA Publishing, 2016.
  • Mawed, M. “Smart, Sustainable and Healthy Cities”. International Conference of the CIB Middle East and North Africa Research Network (CIB-MENA 2014), 307-324.
  • Maziar, Asefi - Zahra, Afzali. “Environmentally Sustainable Architecture: Material-Based Technological Design Approach”. Current World Environment 11(2016), 28-38.
  • Movahed, Khosro. “Badgir (wind catcher) an example of traditional sustainable architecture for clean energy”. 2016 IEEE Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE), Oshawa, ON, Canada: 2016.
  • Najmul Imam, S. M. “Ventilation in a Mosque- An Additional Purpose the Minarets May Serve”. Healthy Buildings 2003 Proceedings 7th International Conference (7th-11th December 2003) (Singapore: National University of Singapore, 2003), 3/746-751.
  • Numan, M. Y. - Almaziad, F. A. “Enhanced Design Features For Energy Saving Of Mosque Buildings In The Maritime Desert”. The First International Conference on Mosque Architecture. 1-16. University of Dammam, 2016.
  • Nurjayanti, Widyastuti. Nugrahaini, Fadhilla. “Tri Sustainable Islamic Architecture In Settlements And Their Environment In Surakarta”. Journal of Islamic Architecture (2023 June), vol. 7, issue 4, 750-759.
  • Papa, C. - Rossi, N. “Smart Cities and Sustainable Finance: The Islamic Perspective”. European Journal of Islamic Finance 9/2 (2022), 18-26.
  • Radkau, Joachim. Die Ära der Ökologie - eine Weltgeschichte. München: C.H. Beck Verlag, 2011.
  • Reynolds, John. Courtyards: Aesthetic, Social, and Thermal Delight. New York: John Wiley & Sons, INC, 2002.
  • Saatçi, Suphi, “Ayasofya ve Osmanlı Mimarisi”. Fetih ve Ayasofya Sempoyzumu Bildiriler Kitabı. ed. Zekeriya Kurşun - Ali İhsan Aydın. İstanbul: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2022.
  • Salam, Hailane - Nik Lukman Nik Ibrahim. “Aspects Of Sustainable Architecture: An Islamic Perspective”. Alam Cipta 11/2 (2018).
  • Spahic, Omer. “A Conceptual Framework for Sustainability in Islamic Architecture”. Conference on Technology & Sustainability in the Built Environment. 111-130. King Saud University, 2010.
  • Şimşek, Onur. “Friedensreich Hundertwasser, A Visionary of Ecological Design”. Design Communication European Conference. Ed. Uddin, M. Saleh et al. 1/448-456. İstanbul: Özyeğin Universiy Publications, 2016.
  • Şimşek, Onur. Courtyard Culture - A comparative Analysis of the Seljukid Courtyards. Vienna: TU Wien, Institute of History of Art, Building Archaeology and Restoration, PHD Thesis, 2014.
  • Şimşek, Onur. “The Timber Construction Of Friday - Mosque In Khiva”. International From Tradition To The Future Conference: Timber in Architecture (9-10 March 2022).70-80. İstanbul: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University Publications, 2022.
  • Swan, Simone. “Hassan Fathy Demonstrates Ancient Construction Methods in New Mexico”. Architectural Record 168 (December 1980), 39.
  • Utaberta, N. et al. “Evaluating Possible Innovative and Sustainanble Approach of Mosque in Contemporary World”. Journal of Design + Built 9 (2016), 56-61.
  • Yavaş, Doğan “Eşrefoğlu Camii”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 11/479-480. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1995.
  • Yazıcı, Talib. “Emeviyye Camii”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 11/109. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 1989.
  • https://marksbarfield.com/projects/cambridge-mosque/ [25.01.2022]
  • https://emrearolat.com/project/sancaklar-mosque/ [25.01.2022]

Sustainability Aspects in Mosque Architecture: From the Beginning to the Present

Yıl 2024, , 1175 - 1206, 27.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.61304/did.1459221

Öz

The pioneers of sustainable architecture began to question the international style of modernity with regard to its ecological qualities in the 1970s. In the decades that followed, the environmental issue was treated as a crisis. Today, there is no doubt about understanding our time as a major turning point in climate change. Since half of the energy used by humans worldwide is consumed in buildings, the topic of green architecture is essential. In the history of architecture, we find numerous examples that can be inspiring for solutions to today’s problems. This work intends to investigate the sustainability aspects of mosque architecture from its beginning to the present day. In the introduction, the development of Islamic architecture in relation to environmental awareness is discussed. This is followed by supraregional aspects of sustainable Islamic architecture, which are analyzed under the following focal points: multifunctionality, natural materials, natural lighting and ventilation, sustainable design strategies, cultural sustainability, and finally, environmentally friendly and energy-conscious design in modern times.

Kaynakça

  • Al Touma, A. - Quahrani, D. “Enhanced Thermal Performance of Mosques in Qatar”. IOP Confence Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2017.
  • A. Brumm - A. A. Oktaviana - B. Burhan - B. Hakim - R. Lebe - J.-x. Zhao - P. H. Sulistyarto - M. Ririmasse - S. Adhityatama - I. Sumantri - M. Aubert. “Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi”. Science Advances (2021) Vol. 7, No3.
  • Algül, Hüseyin. “Mescid-i Kubâ”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 29/279-280. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2004.
  • Al-Mohammed, R. Examining The Sustainable Mosque Design in Qatar Through the Global Sustainability Assessment Sytem (GSAS). Hamad Bin Khalifa University, The College of Islamic Studies, Master Thesis.
  • Arslantaş A. Ş. Ayçam, İ. “A Study On Examining Present Mosque Archıtecture Within The Scope Of Sustainability Principles”. 2.Uluslararası Akdeniz Bilimsel Araştırmalar Ve İnovasyon Kongresi. Girne Cyprus (KKTC): 2022.
  • Atmaca, A.B. - Zorer, G. “Evaluation of mosques in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption in a temperatehumid climate”. Energy &Buildings (2019), 195-204.
  • Bagder, A. El-Sabbagh - A. Al-Glayand - M. Samarrai, M. Environmental Protection in Islam. Cambridge: IUCN, 1994.
  • Akşit, A. “Notes On The Construction Date Of Arslanhane Mosque”. USAD (Güz 2018), 9/ 172-180.
  • Behling, Sofia - Behling, Stefan. Sol Power: Die Evolution der Solaren Architektur. München, New York: Prestel Verlag, 1996.
  • Bozkurt, Nebi - Küçükaşçı, Mustafa Sabri. “Mescid-i Nebevî”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 29/281-290. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2004.
  • Bsoul, Labeeb - Omer, Amani - Kucukalic, Lejla - Archbold, Ricardo H. “Islam’s Perspective on Environmental Sustainability: A Conceptual Analysis”. Social Sciences MDPI (2022), vol. 11(6), pages 1-11, May.
  • Burckhardt, Titus. İslam Sanatı Dil ve Anlam. İstanbul: Klasik, 2012.
  • Cüceloglu, Doğan. Var mısın?. İstanbul: Kronik, 2021.
  • Diker, H. Fırat. Ayasofya ve Onarımları. İstanbul: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2016.
  • EI-shorbagy Abdel-moniem M. The Architecture of Hassan Fathy: Between Western and Non-western Perspectives. University of Canterbury, PhD. Thesis. 2001.
  • Eyice, Semavi. “Ahî Şerafeddin Camii”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 1/531. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 1988.
  • Eyüpgiller, Kemal Kutgün. “Türkiye’de 20. Yüzyıl Cami Mimarisi”. Mimarlık 331 (2006), 20-27.
  • Fathy, Hassan. Architecture for the poor: an experiment in rural Egypt. University of Chicago Press, 1973.
  • Gastón Sanglier Contreras, Roberto A. González Lezcano - Eduardo J. López Fernández - Carlos M. Iglesias Sanz. “Building Materials and Their Impact on the Environment”. Contemporary Engineering Sciences (2022), vol. 15, no. 1, 51-61.
  • Hattstein, Markus - Delius, Peter. İslam Sanatı ve Mimarisi. İstanbul: Literatür, 2007.
  • İbiş, F. “Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Camii ve Sanatsal İmgeleri”. Yasama Dergisi (2022), vol.46, p: 147-174.
  • Imriyanti, “Mosque Architecture As A Sustainable Building in Urban (Case Study: Al Markas Al Islamic Mosque Makassar)”. Journal of Islamic Architecture (2013), vol. 2, issue 4.
  • Jassim, Jamal Abed Al Wahid. “A New Design Of The Minaret As A Two - Sides Wind Catcher Integrated With The Wing Wall For Passive Evaporative Cooling In Hot Climates”. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (2018), vol. 13, No. 11 3856 – 3873.
  • Jianzhuang Xiao - Deng Lu - Jingwei Ying. “Durability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete: An Overview”. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology (2013), vol. 11, issue 12, Pages 347-359.
  • Kowanda-Yassin, Ursula. Naturnähe und Naturverständnis in den Grundlagen des sunnitischen Islams - Ein Beitrag zum aktuellen Umweltdiskurs. Vienna: Uni Wien Phd Thesis, 2010.
  • Lehner, Erich. Roots of Architecture – Building Traditions in Non-European Cultures. Wien: IVA-ICRA Publishing, 2016.
  • Mawed, M. “Smart, Sustainable and Healthy Cities”. International Conference of the CIB Middle East and North Africa Research Network (CIB-MENA 2014), 307-324.
  • Maziar, Asefi - Zahra, Afzali. “Environmentally Sustainable Architecture: Material-Based Technological Design Approach”. Current World Environment 11(2016), 28-38.
  • Movahed, Khosro. “Badgir (wind catcher) an example of traditional sustainable architecture for clean energy”. 2016 IEEE Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE), Oshawa, ON, Canada: 2016.
  • Najmul Imam, S. M. “Ventilation in a Mosque- An Additional Purpose the Minarets May Serve”. Healthy Buildings 2003 Proceedings 7th International Conference (7th-11th December 2003) (Singapore: National University of Singapore, 2003), 3/746-751.
  • Numan, M. Y. - Almaziad, F. A. “Enhanced Design Features For Energy Saving Of Mosque Buildings In The Maritime Desert”. The First International Conference on Mosque Architecture. 1-16. University of Dammam, 2016.
  • Nurjayanti, Widyastuti. Nugrahaini, Fadhilla. “Tri Sustainable Islamic Architecture In Settlements And Their Environment In Surakarta”. Journal of Islamic Architecture (2023 June), vol. 7, issue 4, 750-759.
  • Papa, C. - Rossi, N. “Smart Cities and Sustainable Finance: The Islamic Perspective”. European Journal of Islamic Finance 9/2 (2022), 18-26.
  • Radkau, Joachim. Die Ära der Ökologie - eine Weltgeschichte. München: C.H. Beck Verlag, 2011.
  • Reynolds, John. Courtyards: Aesthetic, Social, and Thermal Delight. New York: John Wiley & Sons, INC, 2002.
  • Saatçi, Suphi, “Ayasofya ve Osmanlı Mimarisi”. Fetih ve Ayasofya Sempoyzumu Bildiriler Kitabı. ed. Zekeriya Kurşun - Ali İhsan Aydın. İstanbul: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2022.
  • Salam, Hailane - Nik Lukman Nik Ibrahim. “Aspects Of Sustainable Architecture: An Islamic Perspective”. Alam Cipta 11/2 (2018).
  • Spahic, Omer. “A Conceptual Framework for Sustainability in Islamic Architecture”. Conference on Technology & Sustainability in the Built Environment. 111-130. King Saud University, 2010.
  • Şimşek, Onur. “Friedensreich Hundertwasser, A Visionary of Ecological Design”. Design Communication European Conference. Ed. Uddin, M. Saleh et al. 1/448-456. İstanbul: Özyeğin Universiy Publications, 2016.
  • Şimşek, Onur. Courtyard Culture - A comparative Analysis of the Seljukid Courtyards. Vienna: TU Wien, Institute of History of Art, Building Archaeology and Restoration, PHD Thesis, 2014.
  • Şimşek, Onur. “The Timber Construction Of Friday - Mosque In Khiva”. International From Tradition To The Future Conference: Timber in Architecture (9-10 March 2022).70-80. İstanbul: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University Publications, 2022.
  • Swan, Simone. “Hassan Fathy Demonstrates Ancient Construction Methods in New Mexico”. Architectural Record 168 (December 1980), 39.
  • Utaberta, N. et al. “Evaluating Possible Innovative and Sustainanble Approach of Mosque in Contemporary World”. Journal of Design + Built 9 (2016), 56-61.
  • Yavaş, Doğan “Eşrefoğlu Camii”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 11/479-480. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1995.
  • Yazıcı, Talib. “Emeviyye Camii”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 11/109. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 1989.
  • https://marksbarfield.com/projects/cambridge-mosque/ [25.01.2022]
  • https://emrearolat.com/project/sancaklar-mosque/ [25.01.2022]
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mimari
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Onur Şimşek 0000-0002-2088-9543

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Şimşek, Onur. “Sustainability Aspects in Mosque Architecture: From the Beginning to the Present”. Diyanet İlmi Dergi 60/3 (Eylül 2024), 1175-1206. https://doi.org/10.61304/did.1459221.