Postmodern Dönemde Aile ve Çocuk Mahremiyeti: Dijital Dünyada Ebeveyn Paylaşımı (Sharenting) Üzerine Nitel Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 4, 1719 - 1760, 26.12.2025

Çağla Girgin

https://doi.org/10.61304/did.1775457

Öz

Bu çalışma, postmodern dönemde aile yapısının dönüşümünü dikkate alarak, dijital çağda ebeveynlerin sharenting davranışları ve çocuk mahremiyeti konularını derinlemesine keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımıyla, fenomenolojik desende yürütülen çalışmada 15 ebeveyn ve 15 uzmanla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmış; veriler tematik analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, ebeveynlerin sosyal medya paylaşımlarında gizlilik, sınırlı paylaşım ve çocuk onayına önem verdiklerini, ancak ekran süresini sınırlamakta zorlandıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Uzmanlar, sharenting’in çocukların mahremiyet hakları, psikolojik gelişimleri ve dijital kimlikleri üzerinde uzun vadeli riskler taşıdığını; ekran bağımlılığının ise dikkat dağınıklığı, kaygı, sosyal izolasyon ve iletişim zayıflığına yol açtığını belirtmiştir. Sonuç olarak, dijital ebeveynlik pratiklerinin ve sharenting davranışının çocuk mahremiyeti, ekran bağımlılığı, aile içi iletişim, etik farkındalık, ebeveyn eğitimi ve sosyal politika düzenlemeleri açısından kritik öneme sahip olabileceği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikoloji , Postmodern Aile , Dijital Ebeveynlik , Sharenting , Çocuk Mahremiyeti , Ekran Bağımlılığı , Psikososyal Etkiler

Postmodern Family and Child Privacy: A Qualitative Study on Parental Sharing (Sharenting) in the Digital Age

Öz

This study aims to explore in depth parents’ sharenting behaviors and child privacy in the digital age, taking into account the transformation of family structure in the postmodern era. Employing a qualitative phenomenological design, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 parents and 15 experts and analyzed the data through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that while parents prioritize privacy, limited sharing, and obtaining children’s consent when posting on social media, they experience difficulties in restricting screen time. Experts emphasized that sharenting poses longterm risks to children’s privacy rights, psychological development, and digital identities, and that screen addiction contributes to distraction, anxiety, social isolation, and weakened communication within the family. In conclusion, it has been attempted to demonstrate that digital parenting practices and sharenting behavior may be of critical importance for child privacy, screen addiction, intrafamily communication, ethical awareness, parental education, and social policy regulations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychology , Postmodern Family , Digital Parenting , Sharenting , Child Privacy , Screen Addiction , Psychosocial Effects

Kaynakça

• Adawiah, Laila Robiatul - Rachmawati, Yeni. “Parenting Program to Protect Children’s Privacy: The Phenomenon of Sharenting Children on Social Media”. JPUD - Journal Pendidikan Usia Dini 15/1 (2021), 162-180. https://doi. org/10.21009/JPUD.151.09
• Aksu, Gülşah. Ebeveynler Arasında Sosyal Medya Kullanımının Aile İçi İlişkilere Etkisi. Bingöl Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2024, 1-95.
• Alakuş, Seda. Sosyal Medyanın Gençlerin Marka Tercihlerine Etkisi: Özel Okul Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2019, 1-110.
• Amon, Mary Jane v.dğr. “Sharenting and Children’s Privacy in The United States: Parenting Style, Practices, and Perspectives on Sharing Young Children’s Photos on Social Media”. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6(CSCW1) (2022), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1145/3512963
• Arundell, Louren v.dğr. “Everything Kind of Revolves Around Technology: A Qualitative Exploration of Families’ Screen Use Experiences, and Intervention Suggestions”. BMC Public Health 22/1 1606 (2022), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12889-022-14007-w.
• Autenrieth, Ulla. “Family Photography in a Networked Age: Anti-Sharenting as a Reaction to Risk Assessment and Behaviour Adaption”. Digital parenting: The challenges for families in the digital age. ed. Giovanna Mascheroni- Cristina Ponte- Ana Jorge. 219-231. Nordicom: 2018.
• Baştemur, Şule - Kurşuncu, Mustafa Alperen. “Sharenting: Why Parents Share Their Children’s Photos on Social Media?”. ODÜSOBİAD 12/3 (2022), 2911- 2928. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1137855
• Beck, Ulrich - Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth. “Individualization: Institutionalized Individualism and Its Social and Political Consequences”. SAGE Publications Ltd. (2002), 1-222. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446218693
• Benedetto, Loredana - Ingrassia, Massimo. “Digital Parenting: Raising and Protecting Children in Media World”. ed. Luca Benedetto, Massimo Ingrassia. Parenting: Studies by an Ecocultural and Transactional Perspective (IntechOpen, 2020), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92579.
• Berg, Valeska v.dğr. “Young Children and the Creation of a Digital Identity on Social Networking Sites: Scoping Review”. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 7 (2024), 1-19. e54414. https://doi.org/10.2196/54414
• Blum-Ross, Alicia - Livingstone, Sonia. “Sharenting, Parent Blogging, and the Boundaries of the Digital Self”. Popular Communication 15/2 (2017), 110-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2016.1223300
• Boberska, Monika v.dğr. “Parental Strategies Restricting Screen Use Among Children, Screen Home Environment, and Child Screen Use as Predictors of Child Body Fat: A Prospective Parent–Child Study”. British Journal of Health Psychology 24/2 (2019), 298–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12354
• Bostancı, Mustafa. “Dijital Ebeveynlerin Sosyal Medyada Mahremiyet Algısı”. AJIT-e: Online Academic Journal of Information Technology 10/38 (2019), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.5824/1309-1581.2019.3.005.x
• Brosch, Anna. “When The Child is Born Into the Internet: Sharenting as a Growing Trend Among Parents on Facebook”. The New Educational Review 43/1 (2016), 225- 235. https://open.icm.edu.pl/handle/123456789/9226
• Brown, Duncan H. - Pecora, Norma. “Online Data Privacy as a Children’s Media Right: Toward Global Policy Principles”. Journal of Children and Media 8/2 (2014), 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2014.893756
• Cai, Jingjing v.dğr. “The Association of Parent-Child Communication with Internet Addiction in Left-Behind Children in China: A Cross-Sectional Study”. International Journal of Public Health 66 (2021), 1-7. 630700. https://doi.org/10.3389/ ijph.2021.630700
• Cavallini, Maria Clara - Caravita, Simona. “Parental Strategies for Limiting Youths’ Exposure to Online Risks”. Media Education 12/2 (2021), 59-71. https://doi. org/10.36253/me-10474
• Chen, Yuh - Jen v.dğr. “Predicting Consumers’ Decision-Making Styles by Analyzing Digital Footprints on Facebook”. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 18/2 (2018), 601-627. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219622019500019
• Choi, Grace Yiseul - Lewallen, Jennifer. “Say Instagram, Kids!”: Examining Sharenting and Children’s Digital Representations on Instagram”. Howard Journal of Communications 29/2 (2018), 144-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2017.1327380
• Coyne, Sarah M. v.dğr. “Media Time = Family Time”: Positive Media Use in Families with Adolescents”. Journal of Adolescent Research 29/5 (2014), 663-688. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558414538316
• Çalapkulu, Çiğdem - Alp, Fatma. “Dijital Ebeveynler ile Çocukların Sosyal Medya Kullanımı Üzerindeki Mahremiyet İlişkisi”. Nişantaşı Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2/8 (2020), 132–144.
• Çevik, İsmail. “Tarihi Seyrinde Değişen Aile ve Postmodern Babalık”. Türkiye Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi 19 (2025), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.53112/ tudear.1658071
• Çimke, Sevim v.dğr. “Sosyal Medyada Çocuk Hakkı İhlali: Sharenting [Child Rights Neglect in Social Media: Sharenting]”. Güncel Pediatri (The Journal of Current Pediatrics) 16/2 (2018), 261–267. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2018.0038
• Davidson-Wall, Nadine. “Mum, Seriously”: Sharenting the New Social Trend with No Opt-Out”. in Paper presented at the Debating Communities and Social Networks 2018 OUA Conference (Crewe: Bentley), 2018, 1-11.
• Domoff, Sarah. E. v.dğr. “Excessive Use of Mobile Devices and Children’s Physical Health”. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 1/2 (2019), 169-175. https://doi. org/10.1002/hbe2.145
• Döne, Ayhan. “Yeni Anneliğin Sosyolojisi: Postmodern Zamanda Anne Olmak [Z. Z. Sadıkoğlu, Alfa Yayıncılık, 2023]”. Sosyolojik Bağlam Dergisi 5/1 (2024), 165-172. https://doi.org/10.52108/2757-5942.5.1.8
• Duygulu, Selim - Hepkon, Zeynep. “Teknolojik Bağımlılık mı Teknolojik Yeterlilik mi? Covit-19 Pandemisine Bağlı Olarak Artan Ekran Süresi Bağlamında Aile ve Öğretmenlerin Gençlerin Teknoloji Kullanımına Dönük Yaklaşımlarının İncelenmesi”. Communication and Technology Congress-CTC 2021 (İstanbul: 12-14 Nisan 2021), 831-842. https://doi.org/10.17932/CTC.2021/ctc21.081
• Elias, Nelly - Sulkin, Idit. “Screen-Assisted Parenting: The Relationship Between Toddlers’ Screen Time and Parents’ Use of Media as a Parenting Tool”. Journal of Family Issues 40/18 (2019), 2801–2822. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19864983
• Elkin, Nurten - Soydan, Ayşe Mücella. “Halk Sağlığı Perspektifinden Çocuklarda Teknoloji Bağımlılığı ve Ekran Maruziyeti”. Sağlık ve Toplum Dergisi 33/1 (2023), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.1463395
• Englander, Elizabeth K. “Sharenting: The Parenting Dilemma [Abstract]”. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 63/10 (2024), 113. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2024.07.474
• Ereskici, Emre v.dğr. “The Effect of Digital Parenting Awareness on Problematic Media Use by Primary School Children”. Bagcilar Medical Bulletin 9/3 (2024), 196– 204. https://doi.org/10.4274/BMB.galenos.2024.2024-02-019
• Ertemel, Ahmet Veli - Aydın, Gürkan. “Dijital Ekonomide Teknoloji Bağımlılığı ve Çözüm Önerileri”. Türkiye Bağımlılık Dergisi 5/4 (2018), 665–690.
• Fidan, Ayça - Seferoğlu, Süleyman Sadi. “Digital Parenting in the Online Environments: A Review of Problems and Suggestions”. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education 9/2 (2020), 352-372. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.664141
• Frey, Erica v.dğr. “Parents’ Use of Social Media as a Health Information Source for Their Children: A Scoping Review”. Academic Pediatrics 22/4 (2022), 526–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2021.12.006
• Gatto, Antonio v.dğr. “Sharenting: Hidden Pitfalls of a New Increasing Trend- Suggestions on an Appropriate Use of Social Media”. Italian Journal of Pediatrics 50/1 (2024), 1-4. 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-024-01584-2
• Giddens, Anthony. The Transformation of İntimacy: Sexuality, Love, and Eroticism in Modern Societies. Stanford University Press: 1992, 1-212.
• Goel, HitansI - Chaudhary, Gyandeep. “Securing the Digital Footprints of Minors: Privacy İmplications of AI”. Balkan Social Science Review 23/23 (2024), 235-261. https://doi.org/10.46763/BSSR242323235g
• Gotwald, Beata v.dğr. “Parental Perspectives on Sharenting: Attitudes, Privacy Concerns, and Children’s Digital Footprint”. European Research Studies Journal 27/3 (2024), 1242–1250. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/3833
• Gökçen, Ayşe. Çocukların Ekran Kullanım Özellikleri, Dijital Oyun Bağımlılık Eğilimleri, Sosyal Yetkinlik ve Davranış Durumları ve Ebeveyn Rehberlik Stratejileri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Denizli: Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2023, 1-165.
• Güran Yiğitbaşı, Kübra - Çelik, Serkan. “Dijital Dünyada Mahremiyet, Ebeveynlik ve Çocuklar: Afyonkarahisar Örneği”. TRT Akademi 08/19 (2023), 846-875. https://doi. org/10.37679/trta.1365718
• Gürsoy Ulusoy, Şebnem - Gürsoy Atar, Özge. “Reflection of Social Media Addiction on Family Communication Processes”. ADAM AKADEMİ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10/2 (2020), 425–445. DOI: 10.31679/adamakademi.701858
• Halbrook, Yarden J. v.dğr. “When and How Video Games Can Be Good: A Review of the Positive Effects of Video Games on Well-Being”. Perspectives on Psychological Science 14/6 (2019), 1096–1104. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619863807
• Haley, Keltie. “Sharenting and the (Potential) Right to Be Forgotten”. Indiana Law Journal 95/3 (2020), 1005-1032. https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol95/ iss3/9
• Haslam, Deborah M. v.dğr. “The Use of Social Media as a Mechanism of Social Support in Parents”. Journal of Child and Family Studies 26/7 (2017), 2026–2037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0716-6
• Hermawati, Devi v.dğr. “Early Electronic Screen Exposure and Autistic-Like Symptoms”. Intractable & Rare Diseases Research 7/1 (2018), 69–71. https://doi. org/10.5582/irdr.2018.01007
• Holiday, Steven v.dğr. “Sharenting and the Extended Self: Self-Representation in Parents’ Instagram Presentations of Their Children”. Popular Communication 20/1 (2020), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2020.1744610
• Hood, Richard v.dğr. “The Association of Mobile Touch Screen Device Use with Parent-Child Attachment: A Systematic Review”. Ergonomics 64/12 (2021), 1606– 1622. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1948617
• İlhan, Vahit - Çetinkaya, Çetin. “İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Tematik Çocuk Kanallarındaki Çizgi Filmleri İzleme Alışkanlıkları”. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi (Journal of Research in Education and Teaching) 2/1 34 (2013, Şubat), 317- 326. ISSN: 2146-9199
• Jabeen, Uzma v.dğr. “Smartphone Addiction and Family Communication in Adults”. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9/3 (2021), 1288–1294. https://doi. org/10.18510/hssr.2021.93127
• Jago, Russell v.dğr. “Managing the Screen-Viewing Behaviours of Children Aged 5–6 Years: A Qualitative Analysis of Parental Strategies”. BMJ Open 6/3 (2016), 1-8. e010355. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010355
• Jain, Pooja. “The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Social Skills and Play Behaviour Among Children”. International Journal of Innovations in Science Engineering and Management 4/1 (2025), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.69968/ijisem.2025v4i101-07
• Kartal, Cihat - Yücel, Recep. “Sharenting and Social Media: Turning Parents’ Posts Into Marketing Tools”. Public Administration and Law Review 4 (2024), 82-95. https:// doi.org/10.36690/2674-5216-2024-4-82-95
• Keith, Bahareh Ebadifar - Steinberg, Stacey. “Parental Sharing on the Internet: Child Privacy in the Age of Social Media and the Pediatrician’s Role”. JAMA Pediatrics 171/5 (2017), 413-414. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.5059
• Koidl, Kevin v.dğr. “The Bigfoot Initiative: An Investigation of Digital Footprint Awareness in Social Media”. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Social Media and Society (2018), 120-127, ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3217804.3217904
• Kuehn, Larry. “Manage Your Digital Footprint”. Our Schools/Our Selves 21/2 (2012), 67-69.
• Kumar, Priya - Schoenebeck, Sarita. “The Modern Day Baby Book: Enacting Good Mothering and Stewarding Privacy on Facebook”. in Paper presented at the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (Vancouver, NA), 2015, 1302–1312.
• Lailaturohmah v.dğr. “Education on Screen Time Management to Enhance Awareness and Knowledge for Supporting the Optimal Development of 5-Year-Old Children”. Sustainable Applied Modification Evidence Community (SAMEC) 1/2 (2024), 61-68. http://doi.org/10.69855/samec.v1i2.108
• Lambiotte, Renaud - Kosinski, Michal. “Tracking The Digital Footprints of Personality”. Proceedings of the IEEE 102/12 (2014), 1934-1939. https://doi. org/10.1109/JPROC.2014.2359054
• Lazard, Lisa. “Digital Mothering: Sharenting, Family Selfies and Online Affective- Discursive Practices”. Feminism & Psychology 32/4 (2022), 540-558. https://doi. org/10.1177/09593535221083840
• Lazard, Lisa v.dğr. “Sharenting: Pride, Affect and the Day‐To‐Day Politics of Digital Mothering”. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 13/4 (2019), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12443
• Li, Hui v.dğr. “Association of Parental Screen Addiction with Young Children’s Screen Addiction: A Chain-Mediating Model”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19/19 (2022), 1-12. 12788 https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph191912788
• Livingstone, Sonia - Third, Amanda. “Children and Young People’s Rights in the Digital Age: An Emerging Agenda”. New Media & Society 19/5 (2017), 657-670. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816686318
• Livingstone, Sonia v.dğr. “Children’s Privacy in the Digital Age: US and UK Experiences and Policy Responses”. In Handbook of Children and Screens. ed. Dimitri A. Christakis, Lara Hale. 491-507. Springer, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031- 69362-5_67
• Livingstone, Sonia v.dğr. “European Research on Children’s Internet Use: Assessing the Past and Anticipating The Future”. New Media & Society 20/3 (2018), 1103-1122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816685930
• Madigan, Sheri v.dğr. “Association Between Screen Time and Children’s Performance on a Developmental Screening Test”. JAMA Pediatrics 173/3 (2019), 244- 250. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5056
• Manotipya, Paweena - Ghazinour, Kambiz. “Children’s Online Privacy From Parents’ Perspective”. Procedia Computer Science 177 (2020), 178-185. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.10.026
• Meliani, Fitri v.dğr. “Sharenting: Sharing Moments or Violating Children’s Privacy?”. Scientia: Social Sciences & Humanities 2/2 (2023), 44-49. https://doi. org/10.51773/sssh.v2i2.228
• Morahan-Martin, Janet. “Internet Abuse”. Social Science Computer Review 23/1 (2005), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439304271533
• Morawska, Alina v.dğr. “Managing Screen Use in the Under Fives: Recommendations for Parenting Intervention Development”. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 26/4 (2023), 943-956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-023-00435-6
• Moser, Carol v.dğr. “Parents’ and Children’s Preferences About Parents Sharing About Children on Social Media”. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 2017, 5220-5231. https://doi. org/10.1145/3025453.3025587
• Muppalla, Sudheer Kumar v.dğr. “Effects Of Excessive Screen Time on Child Development: An Updated Review and Strategies for Management”. Cureus 15/6 (2023), 1-5. e40608. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40608
• Ní Bhroin, Niamh v.dğr. “The Privacy Paradox by Proxy: Considering Predictors of Sharenting”. Media and Communication 10/1 (2022), 371-383. https://doi. org/10.17645/mac.v10i1.4858
• Nikken, Peter - Schols, Marjon. “How and Why Parents Guide the Media Use of Young Children”. Journal of Child and Family Studies 24/11 (2015), 3423-3435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0144-4
• OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The Protection of Children Online: Risks Faced by Children Online and Policies to Protect Them (OECD Digital Economy Papers no. 179 OECD Publishing 2011), 1-105. https://doi. org/10.1787/5kgcjf71pl28-en
• Omur, Songül - Uyar, Mehtap. “Sharenting: Türkiye’de Ebeveynlerin Paylaşım Eğilimleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Kastamonu Kültür ve İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi 9/2 (2022), 23-45. https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1162288
• Ouvrein, Gaëlle - Verswijvel, Karen. “Child Mediation: Effective Education or Conflict Stimulation? Adolescents’ Child Mediation Strategies in the Context of Sharenting and Family Conflict”. Journal of e-Learning Knowledge Society 17/3 (2021), 70-79. https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/1135555
• Özcan, Ali. “Büyük Veri: Fırsatlar ve Tehditler”. TRT Akademi 6/11 (2021), 10-31. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.818569
• Parsa, Alev Fatoş - Akmeşe, Zuhal. “Sosyal Medya ve Çocuk İstismarı: Instagram Anneleri Örneği”. Kadem Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi 5/2 (2019), 163-191. DOI: 10.21798/kadem.2019153622
• Patton, Michael Quinn. “Qualitative Research”. Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science. ed. Brian Everitt, David Howell. Wiley, 2005, 1-3.
• Poster, Mark. What’s the Matter with the Internet? Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2001, 1-19.
• Potter, Anna - Barnes, Renee. “The ‘Sharent’ Trap: Parenting in the Digital Age and a Child’s Right to Privacy”. Young children’s rights in a digital world: Play, design and practice. ed. Donell Holloway v.dğr. 283–297. Springer International Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65916-5_21
• Pretorius, Kelly v.dğr. “An Integrative Review: Understanding Parental Use of Social Media to Influence Infant and Child Health”. Maternal and Child Health Journal 23/10 (2019), 1360-1370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-019-02781-w
• Rafaeli, Anat v.dğr. “Digital Traces: New Data, Resources, and Tools for Psychological-Science Research”. Current Directions in Psychological Science 28/6 (2019), 560-566. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721419861410
• Ranzini, Giulia v.dğr. “Sharenting, Peer Influence, and Privacy Concerns: A Study on the Instagram-Sharing Behaviors of Parents in The United Kingdom”. Social Media + Society 6/4 (2020), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120978376
• Reynaert, Didier v.dğr. “Critical Children’s Rights Studies: An Introduction”. Critical Children’s Rights Studies. ed. Didier Reynaert v.dğr. 1-27. Routledge 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003510284-1
• Schmidt, Marie Evans v.dğr. “Systematic Review of Effective Strategies for Reducing Screen Time Among Young Children”. Obesity 20/7 (2012), 1338-1354. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.348
• Segev, Aviv v.dğr. “Evaluating Computer Screen Time and Its Possible Link to Psychopathology in the Context of Age: A Cross-Sectional Study of Parents and Children”. PLoS ONE 10/11 (2015), 1-14. e0140542. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0140542
• Sezerer Albayrak, Eda. “Sosyal Medyada Çocuk Mahremiyeti: Ebeveynlerin Instagram’daki Çocuk Mahremiyetine Bakış Açıları”. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 19/39 (2020), 1211-1226. https://doi.org/10.46928/ iticusbe.787870
• Smahel, David v.dğr. EU Kids Online 2020: Survey Results From 19 Countries. 2020, 1-156. https://doi.org/10.21953/lse.47fdeqj01ofo
• Šmit, Marija- Šmit, Zorislav. “Impact of Digital Devices and Mobile Applications on Child Development”. Paper presented at the Interdisciplinary Management Research XI Conference. 989-1002. May 2015.
• Soni, Nitin. “Digital Footprints of the Young: Privacy Concerns and Awareness Among Teen Social Media Users”. Scienxt International Journal of Cyber Security 1/1 (2024), 1-7.
• Stadniczeńko, Dawid. “Children’s Rights in the Digital Environment Under the Convention on the Rights of the Child”. Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 15/2 (2022), 321-331. https://doi.org/10.32084/tkp.4794
• Steinberg, Stacey B. “Sharenting: Children’s Privacy in the Age of Social Media”. Emory Law Journal 66/4 (2017), 839-884. https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/ elj/vol66/iss4/2
• Taherian Kalati, Atefeh - Kim, Mi Song. “What is the Effect of Touchscreen Technology on Young Children’s Learning? A Systematic Review”. Education and Information Technologies 27 (2022), 6893-6911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021- 10816-5
• Tajalli, Fatemeh - Zarnaghash, Maryam. “Effect of Family Communication Patterns on Internet Addiction”. Journal of Practice in Clinical Psychology 5/3 (2017), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jpcp.5.3.159
• Tomczyk, Łukasz v.dğr. “Digital Literacy in the Area of Digital Safety Among Parents of the Secondary School Students”. Paper presented at the International Conference on Education And Information Technology, 11-18, October 2019.
• Tosuntaş, Şule Betül - Griffiths, Mark D. “Sharenting: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature”. Journal of Family Theory & Review 16/3 (Şubat 2024), 525-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12566
• Uğurdağ, Sinem. “Dijital Ayak İzi Nedir?”. Buğday Ekolojik Yaşamı Destekleme Derneği(30 Mart 2019). https://www.bugday.org/blog/dijital-ayak-izi-nedir/
• Walrave, Michel v.dğr. “The Limits of Sharenting: Exploring Parents’ and Adolescents’ Sharenting Boundaries Through the Lens of Communication Privacy Management Theory”. Frontiers in Education 7/803393 (2022), 1-12. https://doi. org/10.3389/feduc.2022.803393
• Wang, Yongli v.dğr. “Young Children’s Digital Literacy Practices with Caregivers in the Home Environment: Voices of Chinese Parents and Grandparents”. Sustainability 16/8 (2024), 1-18. 3300. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083300
• Wangmo, Thinley - Manivannan, Tharsni. “Parenting in the Digital Era: Emotional Intelligence and Family Dynamics”. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 12/12 (2024), 597-607. e597-e603.
• Wong, Rosa S. v.dğr. “Parent Technology Use, Parent–Child Interaction, Child Screen Time, and Child Psychosocial Problems Among Disadvantaged Families”. The Journal of Pediatrics 226 (2020), 258-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.006
• Zhao, Jun v.dğr. “ ‘I Make up a Silly Name’: Understanding Children’s Perception of Privacy Risks Online”. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Paper 9 (2019, January), 1–13. https://doi. org/10.1145/3290605.3300336
• Zwitter, Andrej. “The Network Effect on Ethics in the Big Data Age”. Big Data Challenges: Society, Security, Innovation and Ethics. ed. Anno Bunnik v.dğr. 23-34. Springer, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94885-7_3