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DİNDARLIK VE ÖZNEL İYİ OLUŞ: ULUSLARARASI BİR BAKIŞ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 97 - 114, 30.06.2019

Öz

Dinin bireylerin ve toplumların öznel iyi oluşunu (ÖİO)
artırıp artırmadığı sıkça tartışılmaktadırlar. İnsanların büyük bir
çoğunluğunun  dinin günlük yaşamlarında önemli olduğunu belirttiği dikkate
alındığında bu konu özellikle göze çarpmaktadır. Ancak, bazı evrimciler dinin
uyum sağladığı, ahlak ve sosyal uyumu beslediği, her ikisinin de iyi oluşu
teşvik ettiği sonucuna varmışlardır. Bununla birlikte,  dinin acıya neden
olabileceği de ileri sürülmüştür. Bu makalede dindarlığın ve ÖİO'nun farklı sosyal
bağlamlarda ilişkili olup olmadığını belirlemek için son on yılda yayınlanmış
dindarlık ve ÖİO hakkındaki çalışmaları gözden geçirilmektedir. Öncelikle
dindarlık ve öznel iyi oluşun tanımı yapılmakta ve sanayileşmiş Batılı
uluslardan elde edilen dindarlık ve ÖİO hakkındaki bulgular tartışılmaktadır.
Dindarlık ve ÖİO arasındaki ilişkiye dair uluslararası çalışmaların rapor
edildiği çalışmada dindarlık-ÖİO ilişkisinde bağlamsal konuları ele
alınmakta ve son bölümde, gelecekteki araştırmaların ele alabileceği mevcut
literatürdeki boşlukları belirtilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Allemand, M. - Hill, P. L. - Ghaemmaghami, P. - Martin, M. “Forgivingness and subjective well-being in adulthood: The moderating role of future time perspective”. Journal of Research in Personality 46 (2009): 32–39.
  • Chamberlain, K. - Zika, S. “Religiosity, meaning in life, and psychological well-being”. Religion and mental health. Ed. J. F. Schumaker. 138–148. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Dawkins, R. The God delusion. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2006.
  • Diener, Ed. “Subjective well-being”. Psychological Bulletin 95 (1984): 542–575.
  • Diener, Ed. “Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index”. American Psychologist 55 (2000): 34–43. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34.
  • Diener, Ed - Tay, L. - Myers, D. G. “The religion paradox: If religion makes people happy, why are so many dropping out?”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101 (2011): 1278–1290.
  • Elder, G. H., Jr. “Life trajectories in changing societies”. Self- efficacy in changing societies. Ed. A. Bandura. 46–68. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
  • Elliot, M. - Hayward, R. D. “Religion and life satisfaction worldwide: The role of government regulation”. Sociology of Religion 70 (3) (2009): 285–310.
  • Fulmer, C. A. - Gelfand, M. J. - Kruglanski, A. W. - Kim-Prieto, C. - Diener, E. - Pierro, A., et al. “On “feeling right” in cultural contexts: How person-culture match affects self-esteem and subjective well-being”. Psychological Science 21 (2010): 1563–1569.
  • Gariepy, H. Christianity in action: The history of the international Salvation Army. Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2009.
  • Headey, B. - Schupp, J. - Tucci, I. - Wagner, G. G. “Authentic happiness theory supported by impact of religion on life satisfaction: A longitudinal analysis with data for Germany”. Journal of Positive Psychology 5 (1) 2010: 73–82.
  • Henrich, J. - Heine, S. - Norenzayan, A. “The weirdest people in the world?”. Behavioral and Brain Science 33 2010: 61–83.
  • Hitchens, C. God is not great: How religion poisons everything. New York: Twelve Books, 2007.
  • Inglehart, R. “Culture and democracy”. Culture matters: How values shape human progress. Eds. L. E. Harrison - S. P. Huntington. 80–97. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
  • Inglehart, R. - Foa, R. - Peterson, C. - Welzel, C. “Development, freedom, and rising happiness: A global perspective (1981–2007)”. Perspectives on Psychological Science 3 (2008): 264–285.
  • James, W. The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature. New York: Longmans, Green and Co, 1902.
  • Kenrick, D. T. - Griskevicius, V. - Neuberg, S. L. - Schaller, M. “Renovating the pyramid of needs: Contemporary extensions built upon ancient foundations”. Perspectives on Psychological Science 5 (2010): 292–314.
  • Maslow, A. H. “A theory of human motivation”. Psychological Review 50 (1943): 370–396.
  • McCullough, M. E. “Forgiveness as human strength: Theory, measurement, and links to well-being”. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 19 (2000): 43–55.
  • McCullough, M. E. - Enders, C. K. - Brion, S. L. - Jain, A. R. “The varieties of religious development in adulthood: A longitudinal investigation of religion and rational choice”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89 (1) (2005): 78–89.
  • McCullough, M. E. - Friedman, H. S. - Enders, C. K. - Martin, L. R. “Does devoutness delay death? Psychological investment in religion and its association with longevity in the Terman sample”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 97 (2009): 866–882.
  • McCullough, M. E. - Hoyt, W. T. - Larson, D. B. - Koenig, H. G. - Thoresen, C. “Religious involvement and mortality: A meta-analytic review”. Health Psychology 19 (2000): 211–222.
  • Myers, D. G. “The funds, friends, and faith of happy people”. American Psychologist, 55 (2000): 56–67.
  • Myers, D. G. The religious engagement paradox. Unpublished manuscript (2012): http://davidmyers.org/davidmyers/assets/ReligParadox.docx.
  • Pargament, K. I. “The psychology of religion and spirituality? Yes and no”. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 9 (1999): 3–16.
  • Park, C. L. “Religiousness/spirituality and health: A meaning systems perspective”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 30 (2007): 319–328.
  • Peterson, C. - Seligman, M. E. P. Character strengths and virtues. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
  • Rodrigues, H. - Harding, J. S. Introduction to the study of religion. New York: Routledge, 2009.
  • Ryan, R. M. - Deci, E. L. “Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being”. American Psychologist 55 (2000): 68–78.
  • Sedikides, C. - Gebauer, J. E. “Religion and the self”. Religion, personality, and social behavior. Ed. V. Saroglou. New York: Psychology Press, 2013.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. - Steen, T. A. - Park, N. - Peterson, C. “Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions”. American Psychologist 5 (2005): 410–421.
  • Smith, T. B. - McCullough, M. E. - Poll, J. “Religiousness and depression: Evidence for a main effect and the moderating infl uence of stressful life events”. Psychological Bulletin 129 (2003): 614–636.
  • Tay, L. - Diener, E. “Needs and subjective well-being”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101 (2011): 354–365. doi: 10.1037/a0023779.
  • Tay, L. - Kuykendall, L. “Promoting happiness: Malleability of individual and societallevel happiness”. International Journal of Psychology 48 (3) (2013): 159–176. doi: 10.1080/00207594.2013.779379.
  • Veenhoven, R. “Sociological theories of subjective well-being”. The science of subjective well-being. Eds. M. Eid - R. J. Larsen. 44–62. New York: The Guilford Press, 2008.
  • Veenhoven, R. - Ehrhardt, J. “The cross-national pattern of happiness: Test of predictions implied in three theories of happiness”. Social Indicators Research 34 (1995): 33–68.
  • Wade, N. The faith instinct: How religion evolved and why it endures. New York: Penguin, 2010.
  • Wright, R. The evolution of God. New York: Little, Brown, 2009.
Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 97 - 114, 30.06.2019

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Allemand, M. - Hill, P. L. - Ghaemmaghami, P. - Martin, M. “Forgivingness and subjective well-being in adulthood: The moderating role of future time perspective”. Journal of Research in Personality 46 (2009): 32–39.
  • Chamberlain, K. - Zika, S. “Religiosity, meaning in life, and psychological well-being”. Religion and mental health. Ed. J. F. Schumaker. 138–148. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Dawkins, R. The God delusion. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2006.
  • Diener, Ed. “Subjective well-being”. Psychological Bulletin 95 (1984): 542–575.
  • Diener, Ed. “Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index”. American Psychologist 55 (2000): 34–43. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34.
  • Diener, Ed - Tay, L. - Myers, D. G. “The religion paradox: If religion makes people happy, why are so many dropping out?”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101 (2011): 1278–1290.
  • Elder, G. H., Jr. “Life trajectories in changing societies”. Self- efficacy in changing societies. Ed. A. Bandura. 46–68. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
  • Elliot, M. - Hayward, R. D. “Religion and life satisfaction worldwide: The role of government regulation”. Sociology of Religion 70 (3) (2009): 285–310.
  • Fulmer, C. A. - Gelfand, M. J. - Kruglanski, A. W. - Kim-Prieto, C. - Diener, E. - Pierro, A., et al. “On “feeling right” in cultural contexts: How person-culture match affects self-esteem and subjective well-being”. Psychological Science 21 (2010): 1563–1569.
  • Gariepy, H. Christianity in action: The history of the international Salvation Army. Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2009.
  • Headey, B. - Schupp, J. - Tucci, I. - Wagner, G. G. “Authentic happiness theory supported by impact of religion on life satisfaction: A longitudinal analysis with data for Germany”. Journal of Positive Psychology 5 (1) 2010: 73–82.
  • Henrich, J. - Heine, S. - Norenzayan, A. “The weirdest people in the world?”. Behavioral and Brain Science 33 2010: 61–83.
  • Hitchens, C. God is not great: How religion poisons everything. New York: Twelve Books, 2007.
  • Inglehart, R. “Culture and democracy”. Culture matters: How values shape human progress. Eds. L. E. Harrison - S. P. Huntington. 80–97. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
  • Inglehart, R. - Foa, R. - Peterson, C. - Welzel, C. “Development, freedom, and rising happiness: A global perspective (1981–2007)”. Perspectives on Psychological Science 3 (2008): 264–285.
  • James, W. The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature. New York: Longmans, Green and Co, 1902.
  • Kenrick, D. T. - Griskevicius, V. - Neuberg, S. L. - Schaller, M. “Renovating the pyramid of needs: Contemporary extensions built upon ancient foundations”. Perspectives on Psychological Science 5 (2010): 292–314.
  • Maslow, A. H. “A theory of human motivation”. Psychological Review 50 (1943): 370–396.
  • McCullough, M. E. “Forgiveness as human strength: Theory, measurement, and links to well-being”. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 19 (2000): 43–55.
  • McCullough, M. E. - Enders, C. K. - Brion, S. L. - Jain, A. R. “The varieties of religious development in adulthood: A longitudinal investigation of religion and rational choice”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89 (1) (2005): 78–89.
  • McCullough, M. E. - Friedman, H. S. - Enders, C. K. - Martin, L. R. “Does devoutness delay death? Psychological investment in religion and its association with longevity in the Terman sample”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 97 (2009): 866–882.
  • McCullough, M. E. - Hoyt, W. T. - Larson, D. B. - Koenig, H. G. - Thoresen, C. “Religious involvement and mortality: A meta-analytic review”. Health Psychology 19 (2000): 211–222.
  • Myers, D. G. “The funds, friends, and faith of happy people”. American Psychologist, 55 (2000): 56–67.
  • Myers, D. G. The religious engagement paradox. Unpublished manuscript (2012): http://davidmyers.org/davidmyers/assets/ReligParadox.docx.
  • Pargament, K. I. “The psychology of religion and spirituality? Yes and no”. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 9 (1999): 3–16.
  • Park, C. L. “Religiousness/spirituality and health: A meaning systems perspective”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 30 (2007): 319–328.
  • Peterson, C. - Seligman, M. E. P. Character strengths and virtues. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
  • Rodrigues, H. - Harding, J. S. Introduction to the study of religion. New York: Routledge, 2009.
  • Ryan, R. M. - Deci, E. L. “Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being”. American Psychologist 55 (2000): 68–78.
  • Sedikides, C. - Gebauer, J. E. “Religion and the self”. Religion, personality, and social behavior. Ed. V. Saroglou. New York: Psychology Press, 2013.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. - Steen, T. A. - Park, N. - Peterson, C. “Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions”. American Psychologist 5 (2005): 410–421.
  • Smith, T. B. - McCullough, M. E. - Poll, J. “Religiousness and depression: Evidence for a main effect and the moderating infl uence of stressful life events”. Psychological Bulletin 129 (2003): 614–636.
  • Tay, L. - Diener, E. “Needs and subjective well-being”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101 (2011): 354–365. doi: 10.1037/a0023779.
  • Tay, L. - Kuykendall, L. “Promoting happiness: Malleability of individual and societallevel happiness”. International Journal of Psychology 48 (3) (2013): 159–176. doi: 10.1080/00207594.2013.779379.
  • Veenhoven, R. “Sociological theories of subjective well-being”. The science of subjective well-being. Eds. M. Eid - R. J. Larsen. 44–62. New York: The Guilford Press, 2008.
  • Veenhoven, R. - Ehrhardt, J. “The cross-national pattern of happiness: Test of predictions implied in three theories of happiness”. Social Indicators Research 34 (1995): 33–68.
  • Wade, N. The faith instinct: How religion evolved and why it endures. New York: Penguin, 2010.
  • Wright, R. The evolution of God. New York: Little, Brown, 2009.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nevzat Gencer 0000-0001-9619-8119

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Mart 2019
Kabul Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Gencer, Nevzat. “DİNDARLIK VE ÖZNEL İYİ OLUŞ: ULUSLARARASI BİR BAKIŞ”. Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2/1 (Haziran 2019), 97-114.

Dergi İletişim: dinbil@alparslan.edu.tr

Din ve Bilim-Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.