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Philosophy for Children in Religious Education (P4C): Possibilities and Limitations

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 75 - 86, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1087100

Öz

Philosophy for children is the application of a philosophical approach to education in order to train students who can develop reasoning and judgment skills. The main purpose of this approach is to stimulate philosophical research through group discussion and questioning. This approach also aims to provide students with skills in which they question and deepen their own and other students' questions, ideas. Religious education applications are expected to facilitate students to internalize their understanding, values and beliefs. It is impossible to say that the transfer-based approach provides these gains. Philosophy for children is a dialogue-based application based on student participation. It is expected that this application, in which structured texts are used as facilitators, will make important contributions to the understanding, substantiation and internalization of abstract religious concepts and beliefs, in particular. Taking advantage of the creative, critical, attentive and collaborative understanding of philosophy for children in religious education can make various contributions to religious education, especially in terms of developing religious reasoning skills. This study has been prepared in order to address the possible contributions of these principles and practices of the philosophy approach to religious education for children. In this context, after the P4C approach is introduced, its contributions to religious education and possible limitations will be discussed.

Kaynakça

  • Akkocaoğlu Çayır, Nihal. Çocuklar İçin Felsefe Eğitimi Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, 2015.
  • Asha Lancaster, T.. “How effective is Philosophy for Children in Contributing to the Affective Engagement of Pupils in the Context of Secondary Religious Education?”. Journal of Philosophy in Schools, 4/1 (2015), 102-122.
  • Bleazby, John. “Overcoming Relativism and Absolutism: Dewey's İdeals of Truth and Meaning in philosophy for children”. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43/5 (2011), 453-466.
  • Cam, Philip. “Philosophy for Children, Values Education and the Inquiring Society”. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 46/11 (2014). 1203-1211, DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2013.771443
  • Daniel, Marie-France - Auriac, Emmanuelle. “Philosophy, Critical Thinking and Philosophy for Children”. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43/5 (2011), 415-435, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2008.00483.x
  • Elkind, David. “The Origins of Religion in the Child”. Review of Religious Research, 12/1 (1970), 35-42.
  • Fisher Richard. “Cooperative learning”. Curriculum, 14/1 (1993), 23-35.
  • Fisher Richard. “Stories for Thinking: the Philosophy in Primary Schools (PIPS) Project”. Early Child Development and Care 107/2 (1994), 85-96.
  • Gaedi, Yahya. “The Nature of Philosophy for Children and Its Role in Teaching and Learning”. Philosophy Study, 5/6 (2015), 292-296.
  • Gregory, Maughn Rollins – Oliverio, Stefano. “Philosophy for/with Children, Religious Education and Education for Spirituality. Steps Toward a Review of the Literature”. Family Resemblances in Philosophy for Children, (2018), 279-296.
  • Hannam, Patrica. “P4C in Religious Education, Philosophy for Children Through the Secondary Curriculum”. Continuum Publishing, New York, 12/1 (2012), 127-145.
  • Hashim, Rosnani. “P4C in the Context of Muslim Education”. S. Naji & R. Hashim. (Eds.), History, Theory and Practice of Philosophy for Children: International Perspectives, London: Routledge, 2017, 170-179.
  • https://www.montclair.edu/iapc/what-is-philosophy-forchildren/why-philosophy-for-children/
  • Jawoniyi, Odantan. “Religious Education, Critical Thinking, Rational Autonomy, and the Child's Right to an Open Future”. Religion & Education, 42/1 (2015), 34-53.
  • Kennedy, David. “Lipman, Dewey, and the Community of Philosophical Inquiry”. Education and Culture, 28/2 (2012), 36-53.
  • Lipman Mathew. “Philosophical Practice and Educational Reform”. Journal of Thought, Winter 19/20, 4, (1985), 20-36.
  • Lipman, Mathew. “Philosophy for Children, Metaphilosophy”, 7/1 (1976), 17-39
  • Lipman, Mathew. Thinking in Education, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  • Lipman, Mathew. “Teaching Students to Think Reasonably: Some Findings of the Philosophy for Children Program”. The Clearing House, 71/5 (1998), 277-286.
  • Naji, Saeed. “Postscript”. S. Naji & R. Hashim (Eds.), History, Theory and Practice of Philosophy for Children: International Perspectives, London: Routledge, 2017, 222-227.
  • Okur, Melek. Çocuklar için Felsefe Eğitim Programının Altı Yaş Grubu Çocuklarının, Atılganlık, İşbirliği ve Kendini Kontrol Sosyal Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), 2008, İstanbul.
  • Oruç, Cemil. “Piaget’nin Bilişsel Gelişim Kuramının Erken Çocukluk Din Eğitimine Yansımaları: Ronald Goldman’ın Bulguları Çerçevesinde Din Eğitiminin İmkânı”, Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Kongresi, Bildiri Kitabı, İstanbul, 2016.
  • Öncel, Eyyup Serkan. “Eleştirel Düşünme ve Felsefe”. International Journal of Social Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 6(37) 2019, 1308-1316.
  • Paine, Matin. “The Pedagogy of Philosophy for Children/Philosophical Enquiry”. M.A. in Education, University of New York, 2012
  • Pihlgren S. Ann. “Discussing Religion – Discourses in Plans for Thoughtful Dialogues”. The European Conference on Educational Research, (8-11 September, 2015), Budapest, Hungary.
  • Pihlgren S. Ann. “Planning for Thinking and Cognitive Development of Students”. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference of Cognitive Science ICCS, in Tehran, Iran, (2013).
  • Şahin, Ahmet. “Exploring the Religious Life-world and Attitude toward Islam among British Muslim Adolescents”. Religion, Education and Adolescence, Cardıff: Unıversıty of Wales Press, 2005.
  • Şahin, Mehmet Emin. Kur’ân Tefsirinin Felsefi ve İş‘ârî imkânı (Molla Sadrâ Örneği). Malatya: Bilsam Yayınları, 2020.
  • Taş, Işıl. Çocuklar İçin Felsefe Eğitimi Programı’nın 48-72 Aylık Çocukların Zihin Kuramı ve Yaratıcılıklarına Etkisi. Adana: Doktora tezi, 2017.
  • Taşdelen, Vefa. “Din Eğitimi ve Bireysel Otonomi: Felsefî Perspektif”. Çocuk ve Medeniyet Dergisi, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 12 2021/2: 2021,101-119
  • Taşdelen, Vefa. “Felsefenin Gülümseyen Yüzü: Çocuklarla Felsefe”. Türk Dili Dergisi, (2014), 562-568.
  • Vansıeleghem, Nancy. “Philosophy for Children as the Wind of Thinking”. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 39/1 (2005), 19-35
  • Ventista, Oliver. An Evaluation of the `Philosophy for Children' Programme: The impact on Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills, Doktora Tezi, Durham theses, Durham University, 2019.
  • Waillet, Nastasya van der Straten vd.. “On The Epistemological Features Promoted by ‘Philosophy for Children’ and Their Psychological Advantages When Incorporated into RE”. British Journal of Religious Education, 37/3 (2015), 273–292.
  • Wang, Chien-hsing. “Fostering Critical Religious Thinking in Multicultural Education for Teacher Education”. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 34/2 (2013), 152-164.
  • Woolley, Jacquelıne D. - Phelps, Katrine. “The Development of Children’s Beliefs about Prayer”. Journal of Cognition and Culture, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, (2001), 139-166.
  • Zengin, Betül. “Din Eğitiminde “Çocuklar İçin Felsefe” Yoluyla Bireysel Yetkinleşme - İbn Bâcce’nin Mütevahhid İnsan Örneği”. Journal of Islamic Research, 30/3 (2020), 422-440.
  • Zengin, Betül. “Dini Metinlerle İletişimde Anlama Odaklı Bir Yöntem: Soru Sorma ve ‘Doğru’ Sorulara Ulaşma”. Dini Araştırmalar, 21/54 (2018).
  • Zulkifl, Hafizhah - Hashim, Rosnani. “Philosophy for Children (P4C) in Improving Critical Thinking in a Secondary Moral Education Class”. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19/2 (2020), 29-45.

Din Eğitiminde Çocuklar İçin Felsefe (P4C): İmkânlar ve Sınırlılıklar

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 75 - 86, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1087100

Öz

Çocuklar için felsefe, akıl yürütme ve yargılama becerilerini geliştiren öğrenciler yetiştirmek amacıyla felsefi yaklaşımın eğitime uygulanmasıdır. Bu yaklaşımın temel amacı, grup tartışması ve sorgulama yoluyla felsefi araştırmayı teşvik etmektir. Bu yaklaşım, aynı zamanda öğrencilerin kendi ve diğer öğrencilerin sorularını, fikirlerini sorguladıkları ve bu konularda derinleştikleri becerileri kazandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Din eğitimi uygulamalarının öğrencilerin kavrayışını, değerlerini ve inançlarını içselleştirmesini kolaylaştırması beklenir. Aktarıma dayalı yaklaşımın bu kazanımları sağladığını söylemek mümkün değildir. Çocuklar için felsefe, öğrenci katılımına dayalı diyalog temelli bir uygulamadır. Yapılandırılmış metinlerin kolaylaştırıcı olarak kullanıldığı bu uygulamanın özellikle soyut dini kavram ve inançların anlaşılmasında, temellendirilmesinde ve içselleştirilmesinde önemli katkılar sağlaması beklenmektedir. Din eğitiminde çocuklar için felsefenin yaratıcı, eleştirel, özenli ve işbirlikçi anlayışından yararlanmak, din eğitiminin özellikle dini akıl yürütme becerilerinin geliştirilmesi açısından çeşitli katkılar sağlayabilir. Bu çalışma çocuklar için felsefe yaklaşımının söz konusu ilkelerinin ve uygulamalarının din eğitimine muhtemel katkılarını ele almak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede P4C yaklaşımı tanıtıldıktan sonra din eğitimine katkıları ve muhtemel sınırlılıklar ele alınacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Akkocaoğlu Çayır, Nihal. Çocuklar İçin Felsefe Eğitimi Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, 2015.
  • Asha Lancaster, T.. “How effective is Philosophy for Children in Contributing to the Affective Engagement of Pupils in the Context of Secondary Religious Education?”. Journal of Philosophy in Schools, 4/1 (2015), 102-122.
  • Bleazby, John. “Overcoming Relativism and Absolutism: Dewey's İdeals of Truth and Meaning in philosophy for children”. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43/5 (2011), 453-466.
  • Cam, Philip. “Philosophy for Children, Values Education and the Inquiring Society”. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 46/11 (2014). 1203-1211, DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2013.771443
  • Daniel, Marie-France - Auriac, Emmanuelle. “Philosophy, Critical Thinking and Philosophy for Children”. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43/5 (2011), 415-435, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2008.00483.x
  • Elkind, David. “The Origins of Religion in the Child”. Review of Religious Research, 12/1 (1970), 35-42.
  • Fisher Richard. “Cooperative learning”. Curriculum, 14/1 (1993), 23-35.
  • Fisher Richard. “Stories for Thinking: the Philosophy in Primary Schools (PIPS) Project”. Early Child Development and Care 107/2 (1994), 85-96.
  • Gaedi, Yahya. “The Nature of Philosophy for Children and Its Role in Teaching and Learning”. Philosophy Study, 5/6 (2015), 292-296.
  • Gregory, Maughn Rollins – Oliverio, Stefano. “Philosophy for/with Children, Religious Education and Education for Spirituality. Steps Toward a Review of the Literature”. Family Resemblances in Philosophy for Children, (2018), 279-296.
  • Hannam, Patrica. “P4C in Religious Education, Philosophy for Children Through the Secondary Curriculum”. Continuum Publishing, New York, 12/1 (2012), 127-145.
  • Hashim, Rosnani. “P4C in the Context of Muslim Education”. S. Naji & R. Hashim. (Eds.), History, Theory and Practice of Philosophy for Children: International Perspectives, London: Routledge, 2017, 170-179.
  • https://www.montclair.edu/iapc/what-is-philosophy-forchildren/why-philosophy-for-children/
  • Jawoniyi, Odantan. “Religious Education, Critical Thinking, Rational Autonomy, and the Child's Right to an Open Future”. Religion & Education, 42/1 (2015), 34-53.
  • Kennedy, David. “Lipman, Dewey, and the Community of Philosophical Inquiry”. Education and Culture, 28/2 (2012), 36-53.
  • Lipman Mathew. “Philosophical Practice and Educational Reform”. Journal of Thought, Winter 19/20, 4, (1985), 20-36.
  • Lipman, Mathew. “Philosophy for Children, Metaphilosophy”, 7/1 (1976), 17-39
  • Lipman, Mathew. Thinking in Education, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  • Lipman, Mathew. “Teaching Students to Think Reasonably: Some Findings of the Philosophy for Children Program”. The Clearing House, 71/5 (1998), 277-286.
  • Naji, Saeed. “Postscript”. S. Naji & R. Hashim (Eds.), History, Theory and Practice of Philosophy for Children: International Perspectives, London: Routledge, 2017, 222-227.
  • Okur, Melek. Çocuklar için Felsefe Eğitim Programının Altı Yaş Grubu Çocuklarının, Atılganlık, İşbirliği ve Kendini Kontrol Sosyal Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), 2008, İstanbul.
  • Oruç, Cemil. “Piaget’nin Bilişsel Gelişim Kuramının Erken Çocukluk Din Eğitimine Yansımaları: Ronald Goldman’ın Bulguları Çerçevesinde Din Eğitiminin İmkânı”, Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Kongresi, Bildiri Kitabı, İstanbul, 2016.
  • Öncel, Eyyup Serkan. “Eleştirel Düşünme ve Felsefe”. International Journal of Social Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 6(37) 2019, 1308-1316.
  • Paine, Matin. “The Pedagogy of Philosophy for Children/Philosophical Enquiry”. M.A. in Education, University of New York, 2012
  • Pihlgren S. Ann. “Discussing Religion – Discourses in Plans for Thoughtful Dialogues”. The European Conference on Educational Research, (8-11 September, 2015), Budapest, Hungary.
  • Pihlgren S. Ann. “Planning for Thinking and Cognitive Development of Students”. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference of Cognitive Science ICCS, in Tehran, Iran, (2013).
  • Şahin, Ahmet. “Exploring the Religious Life-world and Attitude toward Islam among British Muslim Adolescents”. Religion, Education and Adolescence, Cardıff: Unıversıty of Wales Press, 2005.
  • Şahin, Mehmet Emin. Kur’ân Tefsirinin Felsefi ve İş‘ârî imkânı (Molla Sadrâ Örneği). Malatya: Bilsam Yayınları, 2020.
  • Taş, Işıl. Çocuklar İçin Felsefe Eğitimi Programı’nın 48-72 Aylık Çocukların Zihin Kuramı ve Yaratıcılıklarına Etkisi. Adana: Doktora tezi, 2017.
  • Taşdelen, Vefa. “Din Eğitimi ve Bireysel Otonomi: Felsefî Perspektif”. Çocuk ve Medeniyet Dergisi, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 12 2021/2: 2021,101-119
  • Taşdelen, Vefa. “Felsefenin Gülümseyen Yüzü: Çocuklarla Felsefe”. Türk Dili Dergisi, (2014), 562-568.
  • Vansıeleghem, Nancy. “Philosophy for Children as the Wind of Thinking”. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 39/1 (2005), 19-35
  • Ventista, Oliver. An Evaluation of the `Philosophy for Children' Programme: The impact on Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills, Doktora Tezi, Durham theses, Durham University, 2019.
  • Waillet, Nastasya van der Straten vd.. “On The Epistemological Features Promoted by ‘Philosophy for Children’ and Their Psychological Advantages When Incorporated into RE”. British Journal of Religious Education, 37/3 (2015), 273–292.
  • Wang, Chien-hsing. “Fostering Critical Religious Thinking in Multicultural Education for Teacher Education”. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 34/2 (2013), 152-164.
  • Woolley, Jacquelıne D. - Phelps, Katrine. “The Development of Children’s Beliefs about Prayer”. Journal of Cognition and Culture, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, (2001), 139-166.
  • Zengin, Betül. “Din Eğitiminde “Çocuklar İçin Felsefe” Yoluyla Bireysel Yetkinleşme - İbn Bâcce’nin Mütevahhid İnsan Örneği”. Journal of Islamic Research, 30/3 (2020), 422-440.
  • Zengin, Betül. “Dini Metinlerle İletişimde Anlama Odaklı Bir Yöntem: Soru Sorma ve ‘Doğru’ Sorulara Ulaşma”. Dini Araştırmalar, 21/54 (2018).
  • Zulkifl, Hafizhah - Hashim, Rosnani. “Philosophy for Children (P4C) in Improving Critical Thinking in a Secondary Moral Education Class”. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19/2 (2020), 29-45.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Su 0000-0001-9037-8901

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Mart 2022
Kabul Tarihi 22 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Su, Mehmet. “Din Eğitiminde Çocuklar İçin Felsefe (P4C): İmkânlar Ve Sınırlılıklar”. Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi 5/1 (Haziran 2022), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1087100.

Dergi İletişim: dinbil@alparslan.edu.tr

Din ve Bilim-Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.