A retrospective analysis of Turkish-German bilingual and German as a foreign language students’ view on the think-aloud-oriented writing process

Yıl 2023, , 379 - 404, 15.12.2023

Miray Enez Bayar , Asuman Ağaçsapan

https://doi.org/10.37583/diyalog.1404203

Öz

In this study, the views of Turkish-German bilingual and German as a foreign language university student on the process of transferring writing skills were retrospectively analysed. The participants in this study, which was conducted with a group of eight students, were studying at Anadolu University in the sixth semester of the 2018-2019 academic year and four of them learnt German as a first or second language and four as a foreign language. Within the scope of the research, each participant wrote four different writing texts (constructive-structural-free/creative-communicative) with the think-aloud technique and the whole writing process was recorded with a voice recorder. At the end of the study, each participant was interviewed about the implementation of the writing process and the process was analysed retrospectively. According to the results of the data, the group who learnt German as a foreign language approached the think-aloud technique more positively in the writing process, while the other group expressed that they were more distant to this technique. Different approaches to the process of thinking aloud were observed in both groups and these observations were supported with examples from the interviews.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Think Aloud, Introspection, Retrospection, Writing Process, Bilingual and Foreign Language Students

Türkçe-Almanca İki Dilli ve Yabancı Dil Olarak Almanca Öğrenen Öğrencilerin Sesli Düşünme Odaklı Yazma Sürecine İlişkin Görüşlerinin Retrospektif Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkçe-Almanca iki dilli ve Almancayı yabancı dil olarak öğrenen öğrencilerin sesli düşünerek yazma sürecine ilişkin görüşleri retrospektif olarak analiz edilmiştir. Sekiz kişilik öğrenci grubuyla yapılmış olan bu çalışmadaki katılımcılar, Anadolu Üniversitesi’nde, 2018-2019 akademik yılında, altıncı yarıyılda öğrenim görmüştür ve dördü Almancayı birinci veya ikinci dil olarak, dördü ise yabancı dil olarak öğrenmiştir. Çalışmada her bir katılımcı sesli düşünme tekniğini kullanarak dört farklı metin (sentezleyici-yapılandırıcı-serbest/yaratıcı-iletişimsel) yazmıştır ve tüm yazma süreci ses kayıt cihazı ile kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda her bir katılımcıyla yazma sürecindeki performansı hakkında görüşme yapılmıştır ve yazma süreci geriye dönük olarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin sonuçları, yabancı dil olarak Almanca öğrenen grubun yazma sürecinde sesli düşünme tekniğine daha olumlu yaklaştığını, diğer grubun ise buna daha mesafeli olduğunu göstermektedir. Her iki grupta da sesli düşünme sürecine yönelik farklı yaklaşımlar gözlemlenmiş olup, bu gözlemler görüşmelerden alınan örneklerle desteklenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sesli düşünme, İçgözlem, Geriye Dönük Gözlem, Yazma Süreci, İki dilli ve Yabancı Dilli Öğrenciler

Kaynakça

• Badger, Richard / White, Goodith (2000): A process genre approach to teaching writing. In: ELT Journal, 54 (2), 153- 160.
• Bereiter, C. (1980): Development in writing. In L. W. Gregg and E. R. Steinberg (Ed.): Cognitive processes in writing, Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erbaum Associates, 73-93.
• Bowles, Melissa A. (2019): Verbal reports in instructed SLA research: opportunities, challenges, and limitations. New York: Routledge.
• Buber, Renate (2007): Denke-Laut-Protokolle. In: Buber, Renate; Hartmut H. Holzmüller (Ed.): Qualitative Marktforschung Konzepte – Methoden – Analysen. Göttingen: Hogrefe, 557-568.
• Creswell, John W. (2012): Educational research: Planing, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Boston, USA: Pearson Education
• Creswell, John W. / Clark, Vicki L. Plano (2007): Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Denzin, Norman K. (1994): The art and politics of interpretation. In: Denzin, Norman K.; Lincoln, Yvonna S. (Ed.): Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 500-515.
• Ezhova-Heer, Irina (2009): Schreiben an russischen und deutschen Schulen. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Textproduktion russischer Aussiedler und Spätaussiedler. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
• Gass, Susan M. / Mackey, Alison (2000): Stimulated recall methodology in second language research. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
• Gürbüz, Sait / Şahin, Faruk (2016): Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: Felsefe yöntem analiz (3. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Heine, Lena (2013): Introspektive Verfahren in der Fremdsprachenforschung: State-of-the-Art und Desiderata. In: Aguado, Karin; Heine, Lena; Schramm, Karin (Ed.): Introspektion und qualitative Datenanalyse. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 13-30.
• Heine, Lena (2014): Introspektion. In: Settinieri, Julia; Demirkaya, Sevilen; Feldmeier, Alexis; Gültekin-Karakoç, Nazan; Riemer, Claudia (Ed.): Empirische Forschungsmethoden für Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache. Eine Einführung. Paderborn: Schöningh Verlag, 123-135.
• Karatay, Halit (2015): Süreç temelli yazma modelleri: 4+1 planlı yazma ve değerlendirme modeli. In: Murat Özbay (Ed.): Yazma eğitimi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi, 21-48.
• Kast, Bernd (1999): Fertigkeit Schreiben. Berlin: Langenscheidt.
• Knorr, Petra (2013): Zur Differenzierung retrospektiver verbaler Daten: Protokolle Lauten Erinnerns erheben, verstehen und analysieren. In: Aguado, Karin; Heine, Lena; Schramm, Karin (Ed.): Introspektive Verfahren und Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse in der Fremdsprachenforschung. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 31-53.
• Matsuda, Paul Kei (2003). Second language writing in the twentieth century: A situated historical perspective. In: Kroll (Ed.): Exploring the dynamics of second language writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Merz-Grötsch, Jasmin (2000): Schreiben als System: Schreibforschung und Schreibdidaktik: ein Überblick. Freiburg im Breisgau: Fillibach.
• Moss, Louis / Goldstein, Harvey (1979): The recall method in social surveys. London: University of London Institute of Education.
• Selting, Margret vd. (2009): Gesprächsanalytisches Transkriptionssystem 2 (GAT 2). In: Gesprächsforschung, 10, 353-402.
• Wei, Jing / Llosa, Lorena (2015): Investigating differences between American and Indian raters in assessing TOEFL iBT speaking tasks. In: Language Assessment Quarterly, 12(3), 283-304.
• Yıldırım, Ali / Şimşek, Hasan (2016): Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.