Der Einfluss von Erst-und Zweitsprache (L1 und L2, oder beide) auf den Erwerb einer dritten Sprache (L3)

Öz

Diese wissenschaftliche Arbeit, die auf Feldforschung basiert, untersucht den komplexen Prozess des Erwerbs einer dritten Sprache (L3), insbesondere wie zuvor erlernte Sprachen (Erst- und Zweitsprache oder beide) diesen beeinflussen. Sie beginnt mit der Festlegung grundlegender Konzepte wie der Darstellung und dem Rahmen der Erstsprache (L1), Zweitsprache (L2) und Dritten Sprache (L3) sowie den Nuancen der Mehrsprachigkeit und soll hervorheben, dass sich die Sprachdominanz von Individuen im Laufe der Zeit aus vielen Blickwinkeln wandeln/variieren kann. Der Kern der Arbeit untersucht/bildet verschiedene sprachübergreifende Einflüsse (CLI), darunter Phänomene wie Transfer (sowohl positiv als auch negativ) und Interferenz, die auftreten, wenn vorhandene Sprachkenntnisse das neue Lernen, d. h. den Erwerb von L3, beeinflussen. Der Artikel befasst sich eingehend mit verschiedenen Modellen des L3- Erwerbs, die in den letzten Jahren von Wissenschaftlern entwickelt wurden, wie dem Cumulative Enhancement Model, dem L2-Status Model, dem Typological Primacy Model, dem Linguistic Proximity Model und dem Scalpel Model, und diskutiert kritisch ihre Stärken und Schwächen bei der Erklärung des sprachübergreifenden Einflusses (CLI). Letztendlich kommt sie zu dem Schluss, dass es keine eindeutige, allgemein akzeptierte Theorie für den Erwerb einer dritten Sprache gibt. Sie betont, dass der Transfer von Sprachkenntnissen ein dynamischer und individueller Prozess ist, der durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel verschiedener Faktoren geprägt ist. Dazu zählen sprachliche Ähnlichkeiten, Sprachdominanz, Umwelteinflüsse sowie individuelle kognitive Faktoren. Und andere hier nicht näher behandelte Einflussfaktoren, die die nicht Gegenstand des Artikels sind, spielen ebenfalls eine Rolle.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Erwerb einer dritten Sprache
• Spracherwerb
• Sprachübergreifender Einfluss
• Mehrsprachigkeit
• Interferenz

The Influence of the First and Second Language (L1 and L2, or both) on the Acquisition of a Third Language (L3)

Öz

This academic work, based on field research, explores the intricate process of third language acquisition (L3), specifically how previously learned languages (first and second languages or both) affect it. It begins by establishing foundational concepts such as the delineation and the framework of first (L1), second (L2), and third languages (L3), and the nuances of multilingualism, highlighting that language dominance of individuals can shift over time from many angles. The core of the paper investigates various cross-linguistic influences (CLI), encompassing phenomena like transfer (both positive and negative) and interference, which occur when existing language knowledge impacts new learning i.e. the acquisition of L3. The study delves into various models of L3 acquisition developed in recent years by scholars, such as the Cumulative Enhancement Model, the L2-Status Model, the Typological Primacy Model, the Linguistic Proximity Model, and the Scalpel Model, critically discussing their strengths and weaknesses in explaining crosslinguistic influence (CLI). Ultimately, the study concludes that there is no clear, universally accepted theory for acquiring a third language. The study emphasises that the transfer of language skills is a dynamic and individual process that is characterised by a complex interplay of various factors. These include linguistic similarities, language dominance, environmental influences and individual cognitive factors. Other factors that are not covered in the article also play a role.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Third Language Acquisition
• Language Acquisition
• Crosslinguistic Influence
• Multilingualism
• Interference

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