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Politik Ekonomi Göstergelerinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Üst Orta Gelirli Ülkeler Üzerine Panel Veri Analizleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 1 - 17, 01.07.2020

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 23 üst orta gelirli ülkede kurumlar, makroekonomik istikrar, ticari ve finansal dışa açıklık ve gelir dağılımı şeklindeki politik ekonomi göstergelerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Bu amaçla, 1992-2016 dönemi için söz konusu değişkenlere ait toplam on beş göstergenin GSYİH üzerindeki etkileri panel veri analizleri ile incelenmektedir. Analiz sonuçları; kurumların [kamunun etkinliği ve politik istikrar + , yolsuzluk - ], makroekonomik istikrarın [beşeri sermaye ve istihdam + , enflasyon - ], ticari ve finansal dışa açıklığın [ticari dışa açıklık + , cari denge ve finansal dışa açıklık - ] ve gelir dağılımının [GINI katsayısı, enflasyon ve işsizlik - ] ekonomik büyüme üzerinde etkili olduklarını göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Bader, S. ve Abu-Qarn, S.A. (2003). Government expenditures, military spending and economic growth: Causality evidence from Egypt, Israel and Syria. Journal of Policy Modeling, 25(6-7), 567-583.
  • Ahmet, M. ve Baloch, A. (2017). The political economy of development: A critical assessment of Balochistan, Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(6), 1026-1045.
  • Aidt, T.S. (2010). Corruption and sustainable development. CWPE 1061, Erişim adresi https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254396585.
  • Aidt, T., Dutta, J. ve Sena, V. (2008). Governance regimes, corruption and growth: Theory and evidence., Journal of Comparative Economics, 36, 195-220.
  • Aksoğan, G. ve Elveren, A.Y. (2012). Türkiye’de savunma, sağlık ve eğitim harcamaları ve gelir eşitsizliği (1970-2008): Ekonometrik bir inceleme”, Sosyoekonomi Dergisi, 1, 263-280.
  • Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli, Ö,S. ve Sayek, S. (2004. FDI and economic growth: The role of local financial markets. Journal of International Economics, 64, 89- 112.
  • Ali, M., Egbetokun, A. ve Memon, M.H. (2016). Human capital, social capabilities and economic growth. Jena Economic Research Papers No. 013, Friedrich Schiller University Jena.
  • Al-Yousif, Y.K. (2001). Do government expenditures ınhibit or promote economic growth: Some empirical evidence from Saudi Arabia’, The Indian Economic Journal, 48(2), 92-96.
  • Apaydın, F. (2013). Büyümenin ekonomi politiği: Türkiye örneği. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çorum.
  • Arslan, Ü. (2011). Siyasi istikrarsızlık ve ekonomik performans: Türkiye örneği. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(1), 73-80.
  • Aslan, R. (2018). Politik ekonomi göstergelerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri: Gelişmekte olan ülkeler üzerine panel veri analizleri. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Assanie, N. ve Singleton, B. (2002). The quality of foreign direct investment: Does it matter for economic growth?. Journal of International Economics, 45, 115-135.
  • Atamtürk, B. (2007). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ve Türkiye’de finansal serbestleşmenin iç tasarruflar üzerine etkisi. Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 23(2), 75-89.
  • Baek, K. ve Qian, X. (2011). An analysis on political risks and the flow of foreign direct investment in developing and industrializaed economies. Economics, Management & Financial Markets, 6(4), 60-91.
  • Balasubramanyam, V.N., Salisu M. ve Sapsford, D. (1996). Foreign direct investment and growth in EP and IS Countries. Economic Journal, 106(1), 92-105.
  • Barro, R. (1996). Democracy and growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(1), 1-27.
  • Basu, P., Chakraborty, C. ve Reagle, D. (2003). Liberalization, FDI, and growth in developing countries: A panel cointegration approach. Economic Inquiry, 41(3), 510-516.
  • Beck, N. ve Katz, J.N. (1995). “What to do (and not to do) with time-series cross- section data., American Political Science Review, 89(3), 634-647.
  • Bloom, D.E. ve Sachs, D.J. (1998). Geography, demography, and economic growth in Africa. The Brookings Institution Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, 207-295.
  • Bloom, D.E., Canning, D. ve Sevilla, J. (2004). The effect of health on economic growth: A production function approach. World Development, 32, 1-13.
  • Chudik, A. ve Pesaran, M.H. (2013). Common correlated effects estimation of heterogeneous dynamic panel data models with weakly exogenous regressors. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute, Working Papers, No. 146.
  • De Meulemeester, J-L. ve Rochat, D. (1995). A causality analysis of the link between higher education and economic development. Economics of Education Review, (14)4, 351-361.
  • Dietz, S. ve Neumayer, E. (2007). Corruption, the resource curse and genuine saving. Environment and Development Economics, 12, 33-53.
  • Eaton K., Kaiser K. ve Smoke P. (2010). The political economy of decentralization reforms: ımplications for aid effectiveness. Washington DC: The World Bank Press.
  • Edwards, S. ve Fernando, L.J. (1994). Fixed exchange rates, ınflation and macro economic discipline”, NBER Working Paper Series, No. 4661.
  • Grasjö, U. (2005) Human capital, R&D and regional export performance. Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies (CESIS) Working Paper Series, No, 50.
  • Gries, T. ve Redlin, M. (2012). “Trade openness and economic growth: A panel causality analysis. Center for International Economics Working Paper Series, No, 06.
  • Gür, T.H. ve Akbulut, H. (2012). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde politik istikrarın ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi. Sosyoekonomi Dergisi, 1, 281-300.
  • Habyarimana, J.B. ve Dushimayezu, B. (2018). Good governance, economic growth and development: Insights from a 22-year econometric analysis in Rwanda”, East Africa Research Papers in Economics and Finance, No. 2018: 19.
  • Harvard University, (2018). Statistical and data-related research. Erişim adresi https://hls.harvard.edu/library/research/find-a-database/.
  • Johnson, N.D., Ruger, W., Sorens, J. ve Yamarik, S. (2014). Corruption, regulation, and growth: An empirical study of the United States. Economics of Governance, 15(1), 51-69.
  • Kaplan, F. (2013). Ekonomik büyümenin dolaylı belirleyicileri: orta gelirli ülkeler üzerine panel veri analizleri. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Kueh, J., Puah, S.C. ve Wong, C. (2008). Bounds estimation for trade openness and government expenditure nexus of Asean-4 Countries. MPRA Papers, No. 12351.
  • Lavigne, R. (2006). The ınstitutional and political determinants of fiscal adjustment. Bank of Canada Working Paper, No. 2006-1.
  • Loizides, J. ve Vamvoukas, G. (2005). Government expenditure and economic growth: Evidence from trivariate causality testing”, Journal of Applied Economics, 8(1), 125-152.
  • Méon, P.G. ve Sekkat, K. (2005). Does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Public Choice, 122(1-2), 69-97.
  • North, C.D. (2010). Kurumlar, kurumsal değişim ve ekonomik performans. (Çev. G.Ç. Güven). İstanbul: Sabancı Üniversitesi Yayınları, (Orijinal yayın tarihi, 1990).
  • Oktayer, N. ve Susam N. (2008). Kamu harcamaları-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: 1970- 2005 yılları Türkiye örneği. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 145-164.
  • Olson, M., Naveen, S. ve Swamy, A.V. (2000). Governance and growth: A simple hypothesis explainingcross-country differences in productivity growth. Public Choice, 102, 341-364.
  • Peçe M.A., Ceyhan M.S. ve Akpolat A. (2016). Türkiye’de gelir dağılımının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi üzerine ekonometrik bir analiz. International Journal of Cultural and Social Studies, 2(SI 1), 135-148.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Ullah, A. ve Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127.
  • Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A. ve Trebbi, F. (2004). Institutions rule: the primacy of ınstitutions over geography and ıntegration in economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2), 131-165.
  • Sinha, D. ve Sinha, T. (2000). Openness, investment and economic growth in Asia. The Indian Economic Journal, 49(4), 110-117.
  • Sun, H. ve Parikh, A. (2001). Exports, inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and regional economic growth in China. Regional Studies. 35(3), 187-196.
  • Tallman, E.W. ve Wang, P. (1994). Human capital and endogenous growth evidence from Taiwan. Journal of Monetary Economics, 34(1), 101-124.
  • Teal, F. (2010). Higher education and economic development in Africa: A review of channels and ınteractions. Centre for the Study of African Economies University of Oxford, No. 25.
  • Topuz S.G. ve Dağdemir, Ö. (2016). Ekonomik büyüme ve gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi: kuznets ters-u hipotezinin geçerliliği. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 11(3), 115-130.
  • Tsen W.H. (2006). Granger causality tests among openness to international trade, human capital accumulation and economic growth in China: 1952-1999. International Economic Journal, 20(3), 285-302.
  • WB. (2017). World development indicators. Erişim adresi https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/26447.
  • WB. (2018). World Bank open data. Erişim adresi https://data.worldbank.org/. Yalman, G. (2008). Aydınlanmadan günümüze siyasal iktisat. Osmanlı Bankası Arşiv ve http://www.obarsiv.com/pdf/galip_yalman.pdf. Konuşma Metni, Erişim adresi
  • Yapraklı, S. (2007). Ticari ve finansal dışa açıklık ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye üzerine bir uygulama. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, 5, 67-89.
  • Yendi, İ. (2011). Avrasya ülkelerinde kurumsal faktörlerin iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkileri. International Conference on Eurasia Economies, 357-362, Erişim adresi https://www.avekon.org/papers/255.pdf.
  • Zakaria, M. ve Shakoor, S. (2011). Relationship between government size and trade openness: Evidence from Pakistan. Transition Studies Review, 18, 328-341.

The Impacts of Political Economy Indicators on Economic Growth: Panel Data Analysis on Upper Middle Income Countries

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 1 - 17, 01.07.2020

Öz

This study exams to analyze the impacts of political economy indicators such as institutions, macroeconomic stability, trade-financial openness and income distribution on economic growth in 23 upper-middle income countries. With this purpose, the impacts on the GDP of fifteen indicators in total belonging to the aforesaid variables for the period 1992-2016 are examined by panel data analysis. Results of analysis indicate that institutions [government effectiveness-political stability + , corruption - ], macroeconomic stability [human capital-employment + , inflation - ], commercial-financial openness [commercial openness + , current balance- financial openness - ] and income distribution [Gini Coefficient-inflationunemployment - ] have impacts on economic growth

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Bader, S. ve Abu-Qarn, S.A. (2003). Government expenditures, military spending and economic growth: Causality evidence from Egypt, Israel and Syria. Journal of Policy Modeling, 25(6-7), 567-583.
  • Ahmet, M. ve Baloch, A. (2017). The political economy of development: A critical assessment of Balochistan, Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(6), 1026-1045.
  • Aidt, T.S. (2010). Corruption and sustainable development. CWPE 1061, Erişim adresi https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254396585.
  • Aidt, T., Dutta, J. ve Sena, V. (2008). Governance regimes, corruption and growth: Theory and evidence., Journal of Comparative Economics, 36, 195-220.
  • Aksoğan, G. ve Elveren, A.Y. (2012). Türkiye’de savunma, sağlık ve eğitim harcamaları ve gelir eşitsizliği (1970-2008): Ekonometrik bir inceleme”, Sosyoekonomi Dergisi, 1, 263-280.
  • Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli, Ö,S. ve Sayek, S. (2004. FDI and economic growth: The role of local financial markets. Journal of International Economics, 64, 89- 112.
  • Ali, M., Egbetokun, A. ve Memon, M.H. (2016). Human capital, social capabilities and economic growth. Jena Economic Research Papers No. 013, Friedrich Schiller University Jena.
  • Al-Yousif, Y.K. (2001). Do government expenditures ınhibit or promote economic growth: Some empirical evidence from Saudi Arabia’, The Indian Economic Journal, 48(2), 92-96.
  • Apaydın, F. (2013). Büyümenin ekonomi politiği: Türkiye örneği. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çorum.
  • Arslan, Ü. (2011). Siyasi istikrarsızlık ve ekonomik performans: Türkiye örneği. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(1), 73-80.
  • Aslan, R. (2018). Politik ekonomi göstergelerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri: Gelişmekte olan ülkeler üzerine panel veri analizleri. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Assanie, N. ve Singleton, B. (2002). The quality of foreign direct investment: Does it matter for economic growth?. Journal of International Economics, 45, 115-135.
  • Atamtürk, B. (2007). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ve Türkiye’de finansal serbestleşmenin iç tasarruflar üzerine etkisi. Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 23(2), 75-89.
  • Baek, K. ve Qian, X. (2011). An analysis on political risks and the flow of foreign direct investment in developing and industrializaed economies. Economics, Management & Financial Markets, 6(4), 60-91.
  • Balasubramanyam, V.N., Salisu M. ve Sapsford, D. (1996). Foreign direct investment and growth in EP and IS Countries. Economic Journal, 106(1), 92-105.
  • Barro, R. (1996). Democracy and growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(1), 1-27.
  • Basu, P., Chakraborty, C. ve Reagle, D. (2003). Liberalization, FDI, and growth in developing countries: A panel cointegration approach. Economic Inquiry, 41(3), 510-516.
  • Beck, N. ve Katz, J.N. (1995). “What to do (and not to do) with time-series cross- section data., American Political Science Review, 89(3), 634-647.
  • Bloom, D.E. ve Sachs, D.J. (1998). Geography, demography, and economic growth in Africa. The Brookings Institution Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, 207-295.
  • Bloom, D.E., Canning, D. ve Sevilla, J. (2004). The effect of health on economic growth: A production function approach. World Development, 32, 1-13.
  • Chudik, A. ve Pesaran, M.H. (2013). Common correlated effects estimation of heterogeneous dynamic panel data models with weakly exogenous regressors. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute, Working Papers, No. 146.
  • De Meulemeester, J-L. ve Rochat, D. (1995). A causality analysis of the link between higher education and economic development. Economics of Education Review, (14)4, 351-361.
  • Dietz, S. ve Neumayer, E. (2007). Corruption, the resource curse and genuine saving. Environment and Development Economics, 12, 33-53.
  • Eaton K., Kaiser K. ve Smoke P. (2010). The political economy of decentralization reforms: ımplications for aid effectiveness. Washington DC: The World Bank Press.
  • Edwards, S. ve Fernando, L.J. (1994). Fixed exchange rates, ınflation and macro economic discipline”, NBER Working Paper Series, No. 4661.
  • Grasjö, U. (2005) Human capital, R&D and regional export performance. Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies (CESIS) Working Paper Series, No, 50.
  • Gries, T. ve Redlin, M. (2012). “Trade openness and economic growth: A panel causality analysis. Center for International Economics Working Paper Series, No, 06.
  • Gür, T.H. ve Akbulut, H. (2012). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde politik istikrarın ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi. Sosyoekonomi Dergisi, 1, 281-300.
  • Habyarimana, J.B. ve Dushimayezu, B. (2018). Good governance, economic growth and development: Insights from a 22-year econometric analysis in Rwanda”, East Africa Research Papers in Economics and Finance, No. 2018: 19.
  • Harvard University, (2018). Statistical and data-related research. Erişim adresi https://hls.harvard.edu/library/research/find-a-database/.
  • Johnson, N.D., Ruger, W., Sorens, J. ve Yamarik, S. (2014). Corruption, regulation, and growth: An empirical study of the United States. Economics of Governance, 15(1), 51-69.
  • Kaplan, F. (2013). Ekonomik büyümenin dolaylı belirleyicileri: orta gelirli ülkeler üzerine panel veri analizleri. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Kueh, J., Puah, S.C. ve Wong, C. (2008). Bounds estimation for trade openness and government expenditure nexus of Asean-4 Countries. MPRA Papers, No. 12351.
  • Lavigne, R. (2006). The ınstitutional and political determinants of fiscal adjustment. Bank of Canada Working Paper, No. 2006-1.
  • Loizides, J. ve Vamvoukas, G. (2005). Government expenditure and economic growth: Evidence from trivariate causality testing”, Journal of Applied Economics, 8(1), 125-152.
  • Méon, P.G. ve Sekkat, K. (2005). Does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Public Choice, 122(1-2), 69-97.
  • North, C.D. (2010). Kurumlar, kurumsal değişim ve ekonomik performans. (Çev. G.Ç. Güven). İstanbul: Sabancı Üniversitesi Yayınları, (Orijinal yayın tarihi, 1990).
  • Oktayer, N. ve Susam N. (2008). Kamu harcamaları-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: 1970- 2005 yılları Türkiye örneği. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 145-164.
  • Olson, M., Naveen, S. ve Swamy, A.V. (2000). Governance and growth: A simple hypothesis explainingcross-country differences in productivity growth. Public Choice, 102, 341-364.
  • Peçe M.A., Ceyhan M.S. ve Akpolat A. (2016). Türkiye’de gelir dağılımının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi üzerine ekonometrik bir analiz. International Journal of Cultural and Social Studies, 2(SI 1), 135-148.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Ullah, A. ve Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127.
  • Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A. ve Trebbi, F. (2004). Institutions rule: the primacy of ınstitutions over geography and ıntegration in economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2), 131-165.
  • Sinha, D. ve Sinha, T. (2000). Openness, investment and economic growth in Asia. The Indian Economic Journal, 49(4), 110-117.
  • Sun, H. ve Parikh, A. (2001). Exports, inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and regional economic growth in China. Regional Studies. 35(3), 187-196.
  • Tallman, E.W. ve Wang, P. (1994). Human capital and endogenous growth evidence from Taiwan. Journal of Monetary Economics, 34(1), 101-124.
  • Teal, F. (2010). Higher education and economic development in Africa: A review of channels and ınteractions. Centre for the Study of African Economies University of Oxford, No. 25.
  • Topuz S.G. ve Dağdemir, Ö. (2016). Ekonomik büyüme ve gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi: kuznets ters-u hipotezinin geçerliliği. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 11(3), 115-130.
  • Tsen W.H. (2006). Granger causality tests among openness to international trade, human capital accumulation and economic growth in China: 1952-1999. International Economic Journal, 20(3), 285-302.
  • WB. (2017). World development indicators. Erişim adresi https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/26447.
  • WB. (2018). World Bank open data. Erişim adresi https://data.worldbank.org/. Yalman, G. (2008). Aydınlanmadan günümüze siyasal iktisat. Osmanlı Bankası Arşiv ve http://www.obarsiv.com/pdf/galip_yalman.pdf. Konuşma Metni, Erişim adresi
  • Yapraklı, S. (2007). Ticari ve finansal dışa açıklık ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye üzerine bir uygulama. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, 5, 67-89.
  • Yendi, İ. (2011). Avrasya ülkelerinde kurumsal faktörlerin iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkileri. International Conference on Eurasia Economies, 357-362, Erişim adresi https://www.avekon.org/papers/255.pdf.
  • Zakaria, M. ve Shakoor, S. (2011). Relationship between government size and trade openness: Evidence from Pakistan. Transition Studies Review, 18, 328-341.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sevda Yapraklı Bu kişi benim

Ramazan Aslan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yapraklı, S., & Aslan, R. (2020). Politik Ekonomi Göstergelerinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Üst Orta Gelirli Ülkeler Üzerine Panel Veri Analizleri. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 21(2), 1-17.