Zorunlu Göç ve Dayanıklılık: Çocuk ve Genç Mültecilerin Kültürleşme Süreçleri Üzerine Kavramsal Bir İnceleme

Öz

Günümüzde kitlesel travmalar binlerce çocuk ve gencin kendilerinin veya ebeveynlerinin doğup büyüdüğü ülkelerden farklı coğrafyalara yerleşmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu göç hareketleri, kimi zaman daha iyi bir yaşam arayışıyla gönüllü gerçekleşse de savaş ve çatışma ortamından kaçışla zorunlu hale gelebilmekte ve sürekliliği açısından geçici veya kalıcı nitelik gösterebilmektedir. Süreç, bireyler için hem zorlayıcı hem de güçlendirici deneyimlere sahne olabilmektedir. Çocuk ve genç mülteciler kimlik gelişimleriyle ilgili farklı sorunlar yaşayan, psiko-sağlık sorunları açısından risk altında savunmasız bir grup olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Alan yazında, çocuk ve ergen mültecilerle ilgili çalışmalarda genellikle kırılganlık, risk faktörleri ve psikolojik sağlık problemlerine odaklanıldığı, ancak bu grubun güç kaynakları, olumlu uyumu destekleyen süreçler ve güçlü yönlerine dair sınırlı sayıda araştırma bulunduğu görülmektedir. Ancak güncel çalışmalarda dayanıklılık kavramı, göç sürecinde önemli bir inceleme alanı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu kavramsal araştırma, çocuk ve genç mültecilerin kültürleşme süreçlerini dayanıklılık bakış açısıyla ele almayı, mevcut alan yazını gözden geçirerek ulusal alan yazındaki eksiklikleri gidermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca çocuk ve genç mültecilerin uyum süreçlerini etkileyen bireysel, sosyal ve kültürel değişkenleri incelemekte; mülteci çocuk ve gençlerin yanı sıra ev sahibi toplumların iyi oluş düzeylerini artırmaya yönelik politika önerileri sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zorunlu göç
• Mülteci çocuk ve genç
• Kimlik
• Dayanıklılık
• Kültürleşme

Forced Migration and Resilience: A Conceptual Review of the Acculturation Processes of Child and Youth Refugees

Öz

Mass traumas experienced today lead to thousands of children and young people being forced to migrate to different geographies from the countries where they or their parents were born and raised. Although these migration movements are sometimes voluntary, they can become mandatory due to escape from conflict. They can be temporary or permanent in terms of continuity. The process can be both challenging and empowering for individuals. The literature shows that studies on child and adolescent refugees generally focus on fragility, risk factors, and psychological health problems, but there is limited research on the power sources, processes that support positive adaptation, and strengths of this group. However, in current studies, resilience emerges as an important area of study in the migration process. This conceptual research aims to address the acculturation processes of child and youth refugees from a resilience perspective and to fill the gaps in the national literature by reviewing the existing literature. The study also examines the individual, social, and cultural variables that affect the adaptation processes of child and youth refugees and offers policy recommendations to increase the well-being of refugee children and youth and host societies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Forced migration
• Refugee children and youth
• Identity
• Resilience
• Acculturation

Kaynakça

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