Grafik Tasarım Manifestolarında Söylem ve İdeoloji: Eleştirel Söylem Analizi Yaklaşımıyla Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 10, 408 - 426, 27.09.2025

Orhun Türker

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17169538

Öz

Bu çalışma, grafik tasarım alanında önemli kırılma noktaları oluşturan beş temel manifestoyu—First Things First (1964), First Things First 2000, An Incomplete Manifesto for Growth (1998), The Decolonising Design Manifesto (2019) ve The Karlskrona Manifesto for Sustainability Design (2014)—Eleştirel Söylem Analizi (ESA) yöntemiyle incelemektedir. Manifestolar yalnızca estetik yönelimleri tanımlayan metinler değil, aynı zamanda ideolojik çatışmaları görünür kılan ve tasarımcı öznesini belirli konumlara çağıran söylemsel araçlar olarak ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın kuramsal temeli; Fairclough’un üç boyutlu söylem modeli, Althusser’in ideoloji ve çağırma kuramı, Foucault’nun bilgi/iktidar ilişkileri ve van Dijk’ın ideolojik söylem çözümlemelerine dayanmaktadır. Analizler, manifestoların metinsel, söylemsel ve toplumsal düzeylerde ideolojik yapılar ürettiğini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, grafik tasarım manifestolarının sadece mesleki beyanlar değil, aynı zamanda etik, politik ve kültürel müdahale araçları olduğunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Grafik Tasarım Manifestoları , Eleştirel Söylem Analizi , İdeoloji ve Tasarım , Politik Görsel Kültür

Discourse and Ideology in Graphic Design Manifestos: A Comparative Analysis Based on Critical Discourse Theory

Öz

This study examines five key manifestos that mark critical turning points in the field of graphic design—First Things First (1964), First Things First 2000, An Incomplete Manifesto for Growth (1998), The Decolonising Design Manifesto (2019), and The Karlskrona Manifesto for Sustainability Design (2014)—through the method of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). These manifestos are considered not merely as texts that define aesthetic orientations, but as discursive instruments that make ideological conflicts visible and call the designer subject into specific positions. The theoretical framework of the study is grounded in Fairclough’s three-dimensional discourse model, Althusser’s theory of ideology and interpellation, Foucault’s concept of knowledge/power relations, and van Dijk’s approach to ideological discourse analysis. The findings demonstrate that these manifestos construct ideological structures on textual, discursive, and social levels. In this context, the study aims to reveal that graphic design manifestos function not only as professional declarations but also as tools of ethical, political, and cultural intervention.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Graphic Design Manifestos , Critical Discourse Analysis , Ideology and Design , Political Visual Culture

Kaynakça

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