HİNDUİZM’E GÖRE TANRI VİŞNU’NUN YERYÜZÜNDE BEDENLENMESİNİN AVATARA/HULÛL TEMEL NEDENLERİ

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 55 Sayı: 1, 141 - 160, 01.01.2015

Cemil Kutlutürk

Öz

Tanrı’nın yeryüzüne inmesi ve çeşitli varlık formlarına bürünmesi inancı, animistik dinlerden eski İran ve Hint dinlerine kadar geniş bir inanç kuşağında görü- lür. Bu inancın ciddi manada önem kazandığı dinlerin başında ise Hinduizm gelir. Hinduizm’de tanrının bedenlenmesi avatara inancı, tanrı Vişnu’nun dini/ahlaki bozulmalar başladığı anda yeryüzüne inişini ve gerekli müdahaleleri yaparak evrendeki düzeni dharma yeniden tesis edişini ifade eder. Avatara inancına göre o, kötülüğün ve adaletsizliğin arttığı, dini yozlaşmanın en üst düzeye ulaştığı ahir zamanda tekrar bedenlenecek ve insanlığı bu felaketten kurtarıp Hindu inancını yeniden canlandıracaktır. Tanrı’nın yeryüzünde beden alarak gerçekleştirdi- ği/gerçekleştireceği bu tür icraatlar, Hindu dininin asırlardır ayakta kalmasını sağladığı gibi avatara doktrininin Hindular nezdinde önemli bir inanç olarak yer edinmesine de imkân tanımıştır. Dolayısıyla bu makalede Hindu kutsal metinlerinden hareketle avatara doktrinin ortaya çıkış süreci ve Tanrı’nın farklı varlık formlarında beden almasının temel nedenleri incelenmiştir. Bu şekilde bedenlenme doktrininin Hinduizm açısından taşıdığı değer çeşitli yönleriyle tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hindu, Hinduizm, Hindistan, Bedenlenme/Hulûl/Avatara, Kurtarıcı, Tanrı (Vişnu), Kurtuluş, Evrensel Düzen

Basic Reasons of Incarnation of God Vishnu Avatara/Hulul in Hinduism

Öz

Basic Reasons of Incarnation of God Vishnu Avatara/Hulul in Hinduism The doctrine of incarnation of God can be found in a wide belt of faith such as animistic, Indian and Old Iranian religions. This doctrine, especially, come into prominence in Hinduism in which the doctrine of incarnation of God avatara indicates the Vishnu’s descending on earth for the protection of the good and for the destruction of evil, and for the re-establishment of cosmic order dharma . At the end of the world, in which righteousness will wane and unrighteousness will increase, according to avatara doctrine, Vishnu will come again as a Kalki avatara for saving pious individuals and rejuvenate of Hindu beliefs. These kinds of missions of avatara enable Hindu religion to survive for centuries and provide the avatara doctrine as a significant belief in the eyes of Hindus. This article deals with the process of appearance of avatara doctrine and main reasons of incarnation of god Vishnu in different forms with reference to Hindu sacred texts. This study, in this way, discusses the value of avatara doctrine in the sense of Hinduism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hindu, Hinduism, India, Incarnation (Hulul/Avatara), Savior, God (Vishnu), Salvation, Cosmic Order

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