Eğitimde ve Tıpta Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamaları: Geçmişten Geleceğe Uzanan Bir İnceleme

Öz

Sanal gerçeklik, daha önce ayak basmadığımız yerleri sanal olarak ziyaret edip sanki oradaymış gibi tecrübe etmemize imkan verirken zaman ve mekan algılarını manipüle etme becerisi, sağladığı etkileşim seçenekleri, aynı anda birçok katılımcıyı barındırabilmesi ve katılımcılara deneyimin anlatı akışını yönlendirme olanağı vermesi gibi başlıca özellikleriyle öncüllerine kıyasla benzersiz özellikleri olan yeni bir medyadır. Sanal gerçekliğe ilginin yüksek olduğu ve artmaya devam edeceği açıktır. Teknolojinin yenilikçi kullanımları, günümüz popülasyonlarında, özellikle teknolojik gelişmeleri yakından takip eden ve bunları hızlı bir şekilde benimseyebilen Z kuşağı için önemli faydalar sağlayabilmektedir. Eğitim ve tıp, son yıllarda sanal gerçekliğin önemli dönüşümlere yol açtığı alanların başında gelmektedir. Sanal gerçekliğin bu alanlardaki uygulamaları giderek çeşitlenmekte, olgunlaşmakta ve bunlara dair araştırmalarda olumlu sonuçların alındığı görülmektedir. Bu derleme makalede, sanal gerçekliğin eğitim ve tıp alanlarındaki uygulamaları, yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu incelemenin ışığında uygulamada edinilen tecrübeler, karşılaşılan zorluklar ve bu zorlukları aşmaya dair öneriler verilmiş ve sanal gerçekliğin gelecekteki yerine dair öngörüler COVID-19 pandemisi ile şekillenen yeni normalin etkileri ile birlikte ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sanal gerçeklik
• eğitim teknolojileri
• tıp eğitimi
• cerrahi simülatörler
• uzaktan eğitim
• teletıp

Applications of Virtual Reality in Education and Medicine: A Review of the Past, Present, and Future Outlook

Abstract

Allowing us to visit places we have never set foot before and to experience them as if we were there, virtual reality is a new medium with unique characteristics compared to its predecessors with its main features such as its ability to manipulate perceptions of time and space, the interaction options it provides, enabling to host many participants at the same time, and empowering the user to direct the narrative flow of the experience. It is clear that interest in virtual reality is high and will continue to increase. Innovative uses of technology can provide significant benefits in today's populations, especially for the Generation Z, who closely follow technological developments and can adopt them quickly. Education and medicine are among the major fields where virtual reality has led to significant transformations in recent years. In this review article, the applications of virtual reality in the fields of education and medicine are examined within the framework of scientific research. In the light of this review, the experiences gained in practice, the challenges encountered, and recommendations to overcome these challenges were given and predictions regarding the future place of virtual reality were discussed together with the effects of the new normal that took shape with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords

• virtual reality
• education technologies
• medical education
• surgical simulators
• distance education
• telemedicine

Kaynakça

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