Variation in mechanical properties with anisotropy and proposal for optimal design of lamination in bidirectional woven fabric reinforced composite sheets

Abstract

The first aim of this study is to investigate the variation in the mechanical properties with the anisotropy of bidirectional woven fabric-reinforced composite sheets. The other aim is to describe a graphical method that can be used to determine the optimum lamination design (stacking sequences) based on the mechanical properties and anisotropy in composite sheet production. The resin transfer molding method was used to manufacture the plates required for these purposes. Composite sheets were fabricated using low-viscosity commercial polyester resin as the matrix and bidirectional woven glass fabrics with four different areal weights as the fibers. It was tested ten different lamination designs, which were symmetric about the mid-plane, and the total fiber weight of the sheets was 750 g. Composite sheets of dimensions 50 × 50 cm with different numbers of layers, thicknesses, and fiber volumes were produced at the end of the process. Standard specimens were cut from the sheets in the 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° directions, and their mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural properties, were tested. In addition, the mechanical anisotropy factors were calculated for each sheet, depending on the lamination design and fiber orientation. SPSS-24 software was used to statistically analyze the data from a total of 365 specimens. Regression equations were obtained to predict the mechanical properties based on variables such as fiber volume, number of layers, sheet thickness, and fiber orientation. All tensile, flexural, and modulus data were transferred to MS Excel, and spider graphs were drawn. The optimum lamination designs were suggested by reading these graphs.

Keywords

• composite sheet
• laminate design
• stacking sequences
• mechanical properties
• anisotropy

Çift-yönlü dokuma kumaş takviyeli kompozit levhalarda mekanik özelliklerin anizotropiye bağlı değişimi ve optimum laminasyon tasarımı önerisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın ilk amacı, çift-yönlü dokuma kumaş takviyeli kompozit levhalarda mekanik özelliklerin anizotropiye bağlı değişimini incelemektir. Diğer amaç ise kompozit levha üretiminde mekanik özelliklere ve anizotropiye dayalı optimum laminasyon tasarımını (istifleme sırası) belirlemede kullanılabilecek grafiksel bir yöntemi açıklamaktır. Bu amaçlar için gerekli levhaların imalatında reçine transfer kalıplama yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Matris ve fiber malzeme olarak sırasıyla, düşük viskoziteli ticari bir polyester reçine ile dört farklı alansal ağırlığa sahip çift-yönlü düz cam-dokuma kumaşlar kullanılmıştır. Her bir levhada kullanılan fiber ağırlığı 750 g ve levhanın merkezinden geçen orta-düzleme göre simetrik olmak şartıyla on farklı laminasyon tasarımı denenmiştir. İmalat prosesi sonunda kalıptan 50 × 50 cm boyutlarında farklı katman sayısı, farklı kalınlık ve fiber hacimlerine sahip olan kompozit levhalar elde edilmiştir. Levhalardan 0°, 15°, 30° ve 45° yönlerinde standartlara uygun numuneler kesilerek, bunların çekme ve eğilme gibi mekanik özellikleri test edilmiştir. Ayrıca, her bir levhanın laminasyon tasarımı ve fiber oryantasyonuna bağlı olarak mekanik anizotropi faktörleri hesaplanmıştır. Toplam 365 adet numune test edilmiş ve veriler SPSS-24 yazılımıyla istatistik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Mekanik özelliklerin tahmini için fiber hacmi, katman sayısı, levha kalınlığı ve fiber oryantasyonu gibi değişkenlere bağlı olarak regresyon denklemleri elde edilmiştir. Bütün çekme, eğilme mukavemeti ve modül verileri MS-Excel’e taşınarak radar (spider) grafikleri çizilmiş ve bu grafikler okunarak optimum laminasyon tasarımları önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kompozit levha
• laminasyon tasarımı
• istifleme sırası
• mekanik özellikler
• anizotropi

Kaynakça

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