Binalarda Metabolik Hız ve Doluluk Oranının İç Isı Kazançları Üzerindeki Parametresel Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, havalandırılmayan bir bina modelinde değişen metabolik hız (MR) ve doluluk seviyelerinin iç hava sıcaklığı, iç yüzey sıcaklıkları ve iç termal kazanımlar üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Amaç, bu parametrelerin termal dinamikleri nasıl etkilediğini değerlendirmek ve hangisinin daha baskın bir rol oynadığını belirlemektir. Havalandırma, sakinlerin termal etkilerini izole etmek ve dış etkileri ortadan kaldırmak için kasıtlı olarak hariç tutulmuştur. Sakinler tarafından üretilen bağıl nem birikmiş ve tüm senaryolarda iç ortamda bağıl nemin doygunluğa ulaşmasına neden olmuştur. Bağıl nem, durumlar arasında hiçbir değişiklik göstermediğinden, analize dahil edilmemiştir. Sonuçlar, hem MR'nin hem de doluluğun iç mekan termal tepkilerini önemli ölçüde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Her iki parametrenin daha yüksek değerleri, bağıl etkileri değişse de sıcaklıkların artmasına neden olmuştur. MR, düşük doluluk koşullarında daha güçlü bir etkiye sahipken, doluluk arttıkça etkisi azalmıştır. Örneğin, 50 sakinin olduğu senaryolarda, 50 ve 200 W/kişi MR değerleri arasındaki iç hava sıcaklığı farkı 6,7°C'ye ulaşmıştır. Tersine, artan doluluk, özellikle 200 kişiyle, genişletilmiş ısı transfer yüzey alanı nedeniyle daha düzgün toplam termal kazanımlara yol açtı. Çalışma, iç mekan termal konforu ve enerji verimliliğini modellerken hem MR'nin hem de doluluğun dikkate alınması gerektiği sonucuna vardı. Ek olarak, sonuçlar, özellikle ısı transfer yüzey alanı genişlemesindeki rolü nedeniyle, doluluğun iç mekan sıcaklık dinamikleri üzerinde daha önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu gösterdi. Bu bulgular, doluluk yoğunluğunun iç mekan sıcaklık profillerini şekillendirmedeki kritik rolünün altını çizdi ve enerji açısından verimli ve termal olarak konforlu bina ortamları tasarlarken metabolik aktivite seviyelerini hesaba katma ihtiyacını vurguladı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bina enerji simülasyonu
• iç ısı kazanımları
• metabolizma hızı
• doluluk seviyesi
• parametrik analiz

Parametric Impacts of Metabolic Rate and Occupancy on Internal Thermal Gains in Buildings

Öz

This study investigated the effects of varying metabolic rate (MR) and occupancy levels on indoor air temperature, interior surface temperatures, and internal thermal gains within a non-ventilated building model. The goal was to evaluate how these parameters influence thermal dynamics and determine which plays a more dominant role. Ventilation was intentionally excluded to isolate the thermal effects of occupants and eliminate external influences. The relative humidity generated by occupants accumulated, causing relative humidity to reach saturation in all scenarios. Since relative humidity showed no variation between cases, it was not included in the analysis. The results demonstrated that both MR and occupancy significantly impacted indoor thermal responses. Higher values of either parameter led to increased temperatures, though their relative influence varied. MR had a stronger effect under low-occupancy conditions, while its impact diminished as occupancy increased. For instance, in scenarios with 50 occupants, the indoor air temperature difference between MR values of 50 and 200 W/person reached 6.7oC. Conversely, increasing occupancy led to more uniform total thermal gains due to expanded heat transfer surface area, especially with 200 occupants. The study concluded that both MR and occupancy need to be considered when modeling indoor thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Additionally, the results indicated that occupancy had a more significant influence on indoor temperature dynamics, particularly due to its role in heat transfer surface area expansion. These findings underscored the critical role of occupancy density in shaping indoor temperature profiles and highlighted the need to account for metabolic activity levels when designing energy-efficient and thermally comfortable building environments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Building energy simulation
• internal thermal gains
• metabolic rate
• occupancy level
• parametric analysis

Kaynakça

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