Bitlis’te Fotovoltaik Panellerin Termal Performans Analizi: Arka Tabaka Malzemesi ve Açılı Kanatçıkların Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, ANSYS programında gerçekleştirilen kararlı durum termal analizi kullanılarak beş farklı fotovoltaik (PV) panelin termal performansını değerlendirmektedir. Paneller; standart PET arka tabakalı panel, PET + alüminyum arka tabakalı panel, yalnızca alüminyum arka tabakalı panel ve iki kanatçıklı yapıdan oluşmaktadır: biri PET + alüminyum arka tabakaya sahip açılı kanatçıklı panel, diğeri ise yalnızca alüminyum arka tabakaya sahip açılı kanatçıklı paneldir. Standart PET paneller en yüksek PV hücre sıcaklıklarını göstermiştir (maksimum 69.782 °C, minimum 60.746 °C). Buna karşın, PET + alüminyum arka tabakalı panel, geliştirilmiş yanal ısı transferi sayesinde sınırlı bir iyileşme göstermiştir (maksimum 68.848 °C, minimum 62.93 °C). Yalnızca alüminyum arka tabakalı panel de benzer şekilde orta düzeyde bir sıcaklık düşüşü sergilemiş ve yalnızca PET kullanımının termal performans üzerinde sınırlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu doğrulamıştır. En belirgin sıcaklık düşüşleri ve en homojen termal dağılım, kanatçıklı panellerde gözlemlenmiştir. Yalnızca alüminyum arka tabaka ve açılı kanatçıklara sahip panelde PV hücre sıcaklıkları maksimum 58.503 °C ve minimum 55.811 °C olarak elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, açılı kanatçıkların alüminyum arka tabaka ile birleştirilmesinin yerel ısınmayı etkili bir şekilde azalttığını, sıcaklık gradyanlarını en aza indirdiğini ve PV panelin termal güvenilirliğini artırdığını göstermektedir. Ancak, bu termal iyileşmeler panel kütlesinde artışa yol açmaktadır. Standart PET panelin kütlesi 26.54 kg iken, kanatçıklı alüminyum tasarımda bu değer 39.797 kg’a yükselmiştir. Bu durum, termal kazanımların yapısal ve montajla ilgili gereksinimlerle dengelenmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fotovoltaik paneller
• Termal performans
• Alüminyum arka tabaka
• Açılı kanatçıklar
• Kararlı durum analizi

Thermal Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Panels in Bitlis: Effect of Backsheet Material and Angled Fins

Öz

This study evaluates the thermal performance of five photovoltaic PV panels using steady-state thermal analysis in ANSYS. The panels include a standard PET backsheet panel, a PET + aluminum backsheet panel, a panel with only aluminum backsheet, and two finned configurations: one with PET + aluminum backsheet with angled fins, and another with only an aluminum backsheet with angled fins. Standard PET panels exhibited the highest PV cell temperatures (69.782 °C maximum, 60.746 °C minimum), while the PET + aluminum backsheet panel showed modest improvement (68.848 °C maximum, 62.93 °C minimum) due to enhanced lateral heat transfer. The panel with only aluminum backsheet displayed similar moderate reductions, confirming that PET alone has limited influence on thermal performance. The most significant temperature decreases and the most uniform thermal distribution were observed in the finned panels; the panel with only aluminum backsheet and angled fins reached PV cell temperatures of 58.503 °C maximum and 55.811 °C minimum. These results demonstrate that integrating angled fins with an aluminum backsheet effectively reduces localized heating, minimizes temperature gradients, and improves PV panel thermal reliability. However, these thermal improvements come at the cost of increased panel mass, rising from 26.54 kg in the standard PET panel to 39.797 kg in the finned aluminum design, highlighting the need to balance thermal benefits against structural and installation considerations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Photovoltaic panels
• Thermal performance
• Aluminum backsheet
• Angled fins
• Steady-state analysis

Kaynakça

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