Araştırma Makalesi

Bayesian vs. Frequentist Mixed-Effects for Regional Site Amplification

Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1 26 Mart 2026
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Bayesian vs. Frequentist Mixed-Effects for Regional Site Amplification

Öz

Accurate treatment of regional site effects is essential for partially non-ergodic Ground-Motion Models (GMMs). This study compares a Bayesian hierarchical regression implemented with brms to a frequentist mixed-effects formulation using lmer for estimating period-dependent site amplification. Both models adopt the same functional form with a global linear term, a nonlinear term, and region-specific random slope deviations. The analysis uses residuals from the updated Türkiye strong-motion database (SMD-TR), spanning four regions and wide ranges of VS30, magnitude, and distance. Results indicate strong agreement in global behavior: linear and nonlinear terms show similar period trends in both frameworks, and the combined regional slopes are essentially identical at all periods. The overall residual standard deviation is also nearly the same, implying comparable fit quality. Differences primarily concern decomposition and uncertainty representation. The Bayesian model resolves sharper period-dependent regional features—most notably a peak near T ≈ 0.8 s consistent with basin/edge effects—while lmer yields smoother, more conservative deviations. For median predictions, either framework is suitable because the combined coefficients and overall standard deviation coincide. For interpretation and uncertainty propagation—especially when period-dependent regional structure matters—the Bayesian approach is preferable. In addition, brms permits weakly informative priors that encode physical expectations, which stabilizes estimates in data-sparse regimes and helps prevent overfitting. Taken together, these results clarify when each framework is most appropriate: brms for physically constrained inference and robust uncertainty quantification, lmer for speed and simplicity when median predictions are the primary goal

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Proje Numarası

124M595

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for the article prepared.

Teşekkür

This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) under grant 124M595.

Kaynakça

  1. [1] N. A. Abrahamson and R. R. Youngs, “A stable algorithm for regression analyses using the random effects model,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 82, pp. 505–510, 1992, doi: 10.1785/BSSA0820010505.
  2. [2] L. Al Atik, N. A. Abrahamson, J. J. Bommer, F. Scherbaum, F. Cotton, and N. Kuehn, “The variability of ground-motion prediction models and its components,” Seismol. Res. Lett., vol. 81, pp. 794–801, 2010, doi: 10.1785/gssrl.81.5.794.
  3. [3] N. M. Kuehn and N. A. Abrahamson, “Spatial correlations of ground motion for non-ergodic seismic hazard analysis,” Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., vol. 49, pp. 4–23, 2020, doi: 10.1002/eqe.3221.
  4. [4] A. İçen and M. A. Sandıkkaya, “Region specific ground-motion predictive models for shallow active regions,” J. Earthq. Eng., vol. 27, no. 15, pp. 4449–4468, 2023, doi: 10.1080/13632469.2023.2167890.
  5. [5] M. A. Sandıkkaya, S. Akkar, Ö. Kale, and E. Yenier, “A simulation-based regional ground-motion model for Western Türkiye,” Bull. Earthq. Eng., vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 3221–3249, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10518-023-01611-3.
  6. [6] M. A. Sandıkkaya, Ö. Kale, S. Akkar, and E. Yenier, “A simulation-based regional ground-motion model for Eastern Türkiye,” Bull. Earthq. Eng., vol. 22, pp. 2363–2388, 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10518-024-02058-w.
  7. [7] N. M. Kuehn and F. Scherbaum, “Ground-motion prediction model building: A multilevel approach,” Bull. Earthq. Eng., vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 2481–2491, 2015, doi:
  8. [8] P. J. Stafford, “Continuous integration of data into ground-motion models using Bayesian updating,” J. Seismol., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 39–57, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s10950-018-9792-3.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Deprem Mühendisliği, İnşaat Geoteknik Mühendisliği

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

26 Mart 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

20 Kasım 2025

Kabul Tarihi

14 Ocak 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
İçen, A. (2026). Bayesian vs. Frequentist Mixed-Effects for Regional Site Amplification. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1827304
AMA
1.İçen A. Bayesian vs. Frequentist Mixed-Effects for Regional Site Amplification. DÜMF MD. 2026;17(1). doi:10.24012/dumf.1827304
Chicago
İçen, Abdullah. 2026. “Bayesian vs. Frequentist Mixed-Effects for Regional Site Amplification”. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi 17 (1). https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1827304.
EndNote
İçen A (01 Mart 2026) Bayesian vs. Frequentist Mixed-Effects for Regional Site Amplification. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi 17 1
IEEE
[1]A. İçen, “Bayesian vs. Frequentist Mixed-Effects for Regional Site Amplification”, DÜMF MD, c. 17, sy 1, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.24012/dumf.1827304.
ISNAD
İçen, Abdullah. “Bayesian vs. Frequentist Mixed-Effects for Regional Site Amplification”. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi 17/1 (01 Mart 2026). https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1827304.
JAMA
1.İçen A. Bayesian vs. Frequentist Mixed-Effects for Regional Site Amplification. DÜMF MD. 2026;17. doi:10.24012/dumf.1827304.
MLA
İçen, Abdullah. “Bayesian vs. Frequentist Mixed-Effects for Regional Site Amplification”. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi, c. 17, sy 1, Mart 2026, doi:10.24012/dumf.1827304.
Vancouver
1.Abdullah İçen. Bayesian vs. Frequentist Mixed-Effects for Regional Site Amplification. DÜMF MD. 01 Mart 2026;17(1). doi:10.24012/dumf.1827304
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