Adana İli Koşullarında Hava, Su ve Toprak Kaynaklı Isı Pompası Sistemlerinin Termodinamik ve Termoekonomik Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Adana ili koşullarında 200 m² büyüklüğündeki bir müstakil konutun ısıtılmasına yönelik olarak hava, su ve toprak kaynaklı ısı pompası sistemlerinin termodinamik ve termoekonomik performansları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada soğutucu akışkan olarak R290 kullanılmış; 2015–2025 yılları arasındaki ısıtma sezonuna (Kasım–Mart) ait meteorolojik veriler esas alınarak her bir ısı kaynağına karşılık gelen tasarım sıcaklıkları belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda enerji ve ekserji analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş, kondenser sıcaklığı (35-50 °C) ile kompresör izentropik veriminin (%70-%85) sistemin termodinamik performansı üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca ekonomik analiz kapsamında, seviyelendirilmiş ısıtma maliyeti ile basit geri ödeme süresi karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, su kaynaklı ısı pompasının incelenen çalışma koşullarında en yüksek COP (Performans Katsayısı) değerine ve ekserji verimine ulaştığı; hava kaynaklı sistemin ise düşük kaynak sıcaklığı nedeniyle en düşük termodinamik performansı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak, hava kaynaklı ısı pompasının seviyelendirilmiş ısıtma maliyeti (0.0741 USD/kWh) diğer ısı kaynaklı sistemlere kıyasla daha yüksek gerçekleşmiştir. Hava kaynaklı sistemin düşük ilk yatırım maliyeti sayesinde düşük kondenser sıcaklıklarında en kısa geri ödeme süresi 4.33 yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır; ancak kondenser sıcaklığının yükselmesiyle bu avantaj ortadan kalkarak geri ödeme süresi 4.66 yıla çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Isı pompası
• COP
• ekserji verimi
• termoekonomik analiz
• ısı kaynağı
• basit geri ödeme süresi

Thermodynamic and Thermoeconomic Analysis of Air, Water and Ground Source Heat Pump Systems in Adana Province

Öz

In this study, the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic performances of air-, water-, and ground-source heat pump systems designed for heating a 200 m² detached residential building under the climatic conditions of Adana, Turkey, were comparatively investigated. R290 was selected as the refrigerant, and the design temperatures for each heat source were determined based on meteorological data from the 2015–2025 heating seasons (November–March). Within this scope, energy and exergy analyses were conducted, and the effects of condenser temperature (35–50 °C) and compressor isentropic efficiency (70–85%) on the thermodynamic performance of the systems were evaluated. Additionally, the levelized heating cost and simple payback period were comparatively assessed as part of the economic analysis. The results revealed that the water-source heat pump achieved the highest COP (Coefficient of Performance) and exergy efficiency values under the investigated operating conditions, whereas the air-source system exhibited the lowest thermodynamic performance due to its lower source temperature. Accordingly, the levelized heating cost of the air-source heat pump (0.0741 USD/kWh) was higher than those of the other heat source alternatives. Thanks to the low initial investment cost of the air-source system, the shortest payback period was calculated as 4.33 years at low condenser temperatures; however, as the condenser temperature increased, this advantage disappeared and the payback period rose to 4.66 years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Heat pump
• COP
• exergy efficiency
• thermoeconomic analysis
• heat source
• simple payback period

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