Hastaneler için Yenilenebilir Enerji Yol Haritası: Türkiye’de Makine Öğrenimi Destekli Hibrit Güneş-Rüzgâr Sistemi Tahmini ve Boyutlandırması

Öz

Binalarda ısıtma, soğutma ve aydınlatma amaçlı enerji kullanımı artmaya devam ederek fosil yakıt tüketimini ve karbon emisyonlarını artırmaktadır. Hastaneler özellikle yüksek bir taleple karşı karşıyadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Diyarbakır kentinde hastane ölçeğinde bir hibrit yenilenebilir enerji sistemi (güneş PV ve rüzgâr) tasarlayıp değerlendirerek, enerji tüketimini azaltmak için gerçek verilere dayalı performans modelleri geliştirmektedir. PV ve rüzgâr enerjisi üretimini tahmin etmek için hava durumu ve bina özelliklerini içeren Pace regresyonu kullanılmıştır. Üç aylık veriler (Ağustos–Ekim 2022) — ortalama sıcaklık 26 °C, en yüksek güneş ışınımı 1012 W/m², ortalama rüzgar hızı 1,18 m/s — ve toplam 2895 MWh elektrik tüketimi analiz edilmiştir. Modeller, RMSE ve MAPE kullanılarak doğrulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, güçlü bir uyum göstermektedir (PV: R² = 0,9262, RMSE = 0,037; rüzgâr: R² = 0,986, RMSE = 0,021). Tahmini hatalar güneş enerjisi için %14, rüzgar enerjisi için %11 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Senaryo analizi, hibrit sistemin hastanenin yıllık talebinin yaklaşık %7,14'ünü PV yoluyla ve %0,02'sini rüzgar yoluyla karşılayabileceğini göstermektedir. Rüzgarın zayıf olduğu koşullarda bile, makine öğrenimi destekli tasarım tahmin ve boyutlandırmayı iyileştirerek, çeşitli iklimlerdeki kamu binaları için yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarını optimize etmek, şebekeye bağımlılığı azaltmak ve hizmet güvenilirliğini korurken emisyonları düşürmek için pratik bir yol haritası sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bina enerji tüketimi
• güneş enerjisi
• yenilenebilir enerji sistemi tasarımı
• yapay zeka

Renewable Energy Roadmap for Hospitals: ML-Enabled Forecasting and Sizing of a Hybrid PV–Wind System in Türkiye

Öz

Energy use for heating, cooling, and lighting in buildings continues to increase, driving fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Hospitals face especially high demand. This study designs and evaluates a hospital-scale hybrid renewable system (solar PV plus wind) for Diyarbakır, Türkiye, and develops real data-driven performance models to reduce energy consumption. Pace regression, incorporating weather and building characteristics, is used to predict PV and wind generation. Three months of data (Aug–Oct 2022)—average temperature 26 °C, peak solar irradiance 1012 W/m², average wind speed 1.18 m/s—and total electricity use of 2895 MWh were analyzed. Models were validated using RMSE and MAPE. Results show strong fit (PV: R² = 0.9262, RMSE = 0.037; wind: R² = 0.986, RMSE = 0.021). Estimated errors were 14% for solar and 11% for wind. Scenario analysis indicates the hybrid system could supply approximately 7.14% of the hospital’s annual demand via PV and 0.02% via wind. Even in modest-wind regimes, machine-learning-guided design enhances forecasting and sizing, providing a practical roadmap for public buildings in diverse climates to optimize renewables, reduce grid dependence, and lower emissions while maintaining service reliability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• building energy consumption
• solar energy
• renewable energy system design
• artificial intelligence

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kurul izni gerekmemektedir. Yazarlar, çalışmanın hazırlanması sürecinde araştırma ve yayın etiği ilkelerine uyulduğunu beyan eder.

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