Araştırma Makalesi

The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying

Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3 18 Ekim 2026
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The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying

Öz

A relay that combines two opposing traffic flows with an exclusive or operation can reduce the number of broadcasts, but only when updates from both flows are simultaneously available. This creates a scheduling dilemma between immediate forwarding and waiting for a coding partner. Prior work has studied this decision under delay, throughput, and transmission cost objectives. We revisit it under age of information, where waiting has different consequences. A relay that buffers only the freshest update of each flow may replace a held update with a newer one while waiting, which limits the freshness penalty. In addition, a half duplex relay cannot receive while broadcasting, so each avoided uncoded transmission creates another reception opportunity. We formulate a slotted two way relay network with a bounded waiting threshold and derive the exact average age of information of both flows using a finite discrete time stochastic hybrid system. Under light symmetric traffic the greedy policy remains optimal, whereas sufficiently asymmetric traffic produces a pronounced U shaped dependence with a finite positive optimum. Across the asymmetric parameter grid, waiting reduces sum age of information by up to 36.7 percent and the age of the lightly loaded flow by up to 42.0 percent. In a representative case, the transmission frequency is reduced by a factor of 3.2. Under a common broadcast erasure model, the gain reaches 42.5 percent when half of all broadcasts are lost.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. [1] S. Katti, H. Rahul, W. Hu, D. Katabi, M. Médard, and J. Crowcroft, “XORs in the air: Practical wireless network coding,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 497–510, 2008.
  2. [2] Y.-P. Hsu, N. Abedini, N. Gautam, A. Sprintson, and S. Shakkottai, “Opportunities for network coding: To wait or not to wait,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1876–1889, 2015.
  3. [3] M. Zohdy, T. ElBatt, and M. Nafie, “Maximum throughput opportunistic network coding in two-way relay networks,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Workshop (ICCW), 2015, pp. 913–918.
  4. [4] S. Kaul, R. Yates, and M. Gruteser, “Real-time status: How often should one update?,” in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2012, pp. 2731–2735.
  5. [5] Y. Sun, E. Uysal-Biyikoglu, R. D. Yates, C. E. Koksal, and N. B. Shroff, “Update or wait: How to keep your data fresh,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 7492–7508, 2017.
  6. [6] R. D. Yates, Y. Sun, D. R. Brown, S. K. Kaul, E. Modiano, and S. Ulukus, “Age of information: An introduction and survey,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1183–1210, 2021.
  7. [7] A. Köse, M. Koca, and E. Anarim, “Impact of network coding on age of information,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 9725–9739, 2024.
  8. [8] I. Kahraman, A. Köse, M. Koca, and E. Anarim, “Impact of network coding on age of information in multisource multihop IoT networks,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 11, no. 20, pp. 33053–33063, 2024.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Elektrik Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

18 Ekim 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

12 Ağustos 2026

Kabul Tarihi

17 Eylül 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Köse, A. (2026). The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.2016601
AMA
1.Köse A. The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying. DÜMF MD. 2026;17(3). doi:10.24012/dumf.2016601
Chicago
Köse, Alper. 2026. “The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying”. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi 17 (3). https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.2016601.
EndNote
Köse A (01 Ekim 2026) The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi 17 3
IEEE
[1]A. Köse, “The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying”, DÜMF MD, c. 17, sy 3, Eki. 2026, doi: 10.24012/dumf.2016601.
ISNAD
Köse, Alper. “The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying”. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi 17/3 (01 Ekim 2026). https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.2016601.
JAMA
1.Köse A. The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying. DÜMF MD. 2026;17. doi:10.24012/dumf.2016601.
MLA
Köse, Alper. “The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying”. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi, c. 17, sy 3, Ekim 2026, doi:10.24012/dumf.2016601.
Vancouver
1.Alper Köse. The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying. DÜMF MD. 01 Ekim 2026;17(3). doi:10.24012/dumf.2016601
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