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Examination of the Effect of Shading on a Photovoltaic System Performance

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 89 - 95
https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1579306

Öz

This study investigates the impact of shading on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems, a critical consideration for optimizing solar energy generation. Shading can occur due to various environmental factors, including nearby structures, vegetation, and atmospheric conditions, leading to significant reductions in energy output and overall system efficiency. Through a combination of experimental measurements and simulation modeling, we assessed how different shading scenarios affect the electrical performance of PV arrays. The findings reveal that even partial shading can cause substantial decreases in power generation, with shaded cells experiencing reverse biasing and increased thermal stress, resulting in potential hot spot formation. The analysis also highlights the importance of PV module configuration and orientation in mitigating shading effects. Additionally, the study highlights the functionality of bypass diodes in PV systems. By allowing current to bypass shaded or malfunctioning cells, these diodes help maintain optimal performance levels even when some cells are compromised. The analysis includes comparative assessments of PV systems with and without bypass diodes under identical shading conditions. Results demonstrate that systems equipped with bypass diodes exhibit significantly improved performance, including higher voltage and current outputs, thereby enhancing overall energy yield. This research underscores the necessity for site-specific evaluations during the design phase of PV installations to ensure maximum efficiency. The insights gained from this study contribute to a deeper understanding of shading dynamics in PV systems and provide practical recommendations for improving solar energy utilization. Ultimately, addressing shading challenges is essential for advancing the reliability and effectiveness of solar power as a sustainable energy solution. The findings deduce the importance of integrating bypass diodes in PV systems to mitigate the detrimental effects of shading, ultimately contributing to more effective utilization of solar energy resources.

Kaynakça

  • [1] A. K. Sahu and S. Gupta, “A comparative study on effects of shading on a solar photovoltaic system,” in Proc. ICONAT, Goa, India, 2023, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ICONAT57137.2023.10080679.
  • [2] I. H. Rusiana, Z. Y. Bakti and S. Sambasri, “Study and analysis of shading effects on photovoltaic application system,” in MATEC, 2018, pp. 02004.
  • [3] R. Rai, M. Ishak, M. Kumar, K. Ahmed, and R. Jamil, “Effect of shading and tilt angle on Standalone Photovoltaic system for the atmospheric condition in Hamdard University,” In 1st International Conference on Innovative Engineering Sciences and Technological Research (ICIESTR), 2024, pp. 1-6.
  • [4] Z. Chaich, D. Belatrache, A. Dobbi, and S. Hadjadj, “Experimental analysis of dust’s impact on solar photovoltaic system efficiency in arid environments: a case study in Southern Algeria,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 31, no. 40, pp. 53315-53328, 2024.
  • [5] A. Elamim, S. Sarikh, B. Hartiti, A. Benazzouz, S. Elhamaoui, and A. Ghennioui, “Experimental studies of dust accumulation and its effects on the performance of solar PV systems in Mediterranean climate,” Energy Reports, vol. 11, pp. 2346-2359, 2024
  • [6] R. Venkateswari and S. Sreejith, “Factors influencing the efficiency of photovoltaic system,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 101, pp. 376-394, 2019.
  • [7] D. Craciunescu and L. Fara, Investigation of the partial shading effect of photovoltaic panels and optimization of their performance based on high-efficiency FLC algorithm,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1169, 2023.
  • [8] V. Vega-Garita, V. Alpizar-Gutierrez and J. Alpízar-Castillo, “A practical method for considering shading on photovoltaics systems energy yield,” Energy Conversion and Management: X, vol. 20, pp. 100412, 2023
  • [9] J. Jamal, I. Mansur, A. Rasid, M. Mulyadi, M. D. Marwan and M. Marwan, “Evaluating the shading effect of photovoltaic panels to optimize the performance ratio of a solar power system,” Results in Engineering, vol. 21, pp. 101878, 2024.
  • [10] P. Corti, P. Bonomo and F. Frontini, “Paper review of external integrated systems as photovoltaic shading devices,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 14, pp. 5542, 2023.
  • [11] R. G. Vieira, F. M. de Araújo, M. Dhimish and M. I. Guerra, “A comprehensive review on bypass diode application on photovoltaic modules,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 2472, 2020.
  • [12] J. C. Teo, R. H. Tan, V. H. Mok, V. K. Ramachandaramurthy and C. Tan, “Impact of bypass diode forward voltage on maximum power of a photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions,” Energy, vol. 191, pp. 116491, 2020.
  • [13] H. Mohammed, M. Kumar and R. Gupta, “Bypass diode effect on temperature distribution in crystalline silicon photovoltaic module under partial shading,” Solar Energy, vol. 208, pp. 182-194, 2020.
  • [14] Z. Smara, A. Aissat, H. Deboucha, H. Rezk, and S. Mekhilef, “An enhanced global MPPT method to mitigate overheating in PV systems under partial shading conditions,” Renewable Energy, vol. 234, pp. 121187, 2024.
  • [15] Shading effect of pv panels. Available: https://www.skyworth-pv.com/info/shading-effect-of-pv-panels-72899263.html
  • [16] Understanding open circuit voltage voc and short circuit current isc in solar panels. Available: https://www.renewsysworld.com/post/understanding-open-circuit-voltage-voc-and-short-circuit-current-isc-in-solar-panels.
  • [17] H. Al Mahdi, P. G. Leahy, M. Alghoul, and A. P. Morrison, “A Review of Photovoltaic Module Failure and Degradation Mechanisms: Causes and Detection Techniques,” Solar, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 43-82, 2024.
  • [18] Solar cell operation. Available: https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/open-circuit-voltage
  • [19] P. Caprioglio, J. A. Smith, R. D. Oliver, A. Dasgupta, S. Choudhary, M. D. Farrar, and H. J. Snaith, “Open-circuit and short-circuit loss management in wide-gap perovskite pin solar cells,” Nature communications, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 932, 2023.

Fotovoltaik Sistem Performansı Üzerinde Gölgelemenin Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 89 - 95
https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1579306

Öz

Bu çalışma, güneş enerjisi üretimini optimize etmek için kritik bir konu olan fotovoltaik (PV) sistemlerin performansı üzerindeki gölgeleme etkisini araştırmaktadır. Gölgeleme, çevredeki yapılar, bitki örtüsü ve atmosferik koşullar gibi çeşitli çevresel faktörler nedeniyle meydana gelebilir ve bu durum enerji çıktısında ve genel sistem verimliliğinde önemli düşüşlere yol açabilir. Deneysel ölçümler ve simülasyon modellemenin bir kombinasyonu aracılığıyla, farklı gölgeleme senaryolarının PV dizilerinin elektriksel performansını nasıl etkilediğini değerlendirdik. Bulgular, kısmi gölgelemenin bile enerji üretiminde önemli düşüşlere neden olabileceğini, gölgelenen hücrelerin ters polarizasyona uğradığını ve artan termal gerilim sonucu sıcak nokta oluşumuna yol açabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Analiz ayrıca gölgeleme etkilerini azaltmada PV modülü konfigürasyonu ve yönlendirilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ek olarak, çalışma PV sistemlerinde baypas diyotlarının işlevselliğini de vurgulamaktadır. Bu diyotlar, akımın gölgelenen veya arızalı hücreleri atlamasına olanak tanıyarak bazı hücreler olumsuz etkilense bile optimum performans seviyelerinin korunmasına yardımcı olur. Analiz, aynı gölgeleme koşulları altında baypas diyotlu ve diyotsuz PV sistemlerinin karşılaştırmalı değerlendirmelerini içermektedir. Sonuçlar, baypas diyotlarıyla donatılmış sistemlerin, daha yüksek voltaj ve akım çıktıları da dahil olmak üzere önemli ölçüde iyileştirilmiş performans sergilediğini ve böylece genel enerji verimini artırdığını göstermektedir. Bu araştırma, PV kurulumlarının tasarım aşamasında yer spesifik değerlendirmelerin maksimum verimlilik için gerekli olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen içgörüler, PV sistemlerindeki gölgeleme dinamiklerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmakta ve güneş enerjisi kullanımını iyileştirmek için pratik öneriler sunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, gölgeleme sorunlarının ele alınması, güneş enerjisinin sürdürülebilir bir enerji çözümü olarak güvenilirliğini ve etkinliğini artırmak için gereklidir. Bulgular, PV sistemlerinde baypas diyotlarının entegrasyonunun gölgelemenin zararlı etkilerini hafifletmedeki önemini vurgulamakta ve nihayetinde güneş enerjisi kaynaklarının daha etkili kullanımına katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • [1] A. K. Sahu and S. Gupta, “A comparative study on effects of shading on a solar photovoltaic system,” in Proc. ICONAT, Goa, India, 2023, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ICONAT57137.2023.10080679.
  • [2] I. H. Rusiana, Z. Y. Bakti and S. Sambasri, “Study and analysis of shading effects on photovoltaic application system,” in MATEC, 2018, pp. 02004.
  • [3] R. Rai, M. Ishak, M. Kumar, K. Ahmed, and R. Jamil, “Effect of shading and tilt angle on Standalone Photovoltaic system for the atmospheric condition in Hamdard University,” In 1st International Conference on Innovative Engineering Sciences and Technological Research (ICIESTR), 2024, pp. 1-6.
  • [4] Z. Chaich, D. Belatrache, A. Dobbi, and S. Hadjadj, “Experimental analysis of dust’s impact on solar photovoltaic system efficiency in arid environments: a case study in Southern Algeria,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 31, no. 40, pp. 53315-53328, 2024.
  • [5] A. Elamim, S. Sarikh, B. Hartiti, A. Benazzouz, S. Elhamaoui, and A. Ghennioui, “Experimental studies of dust accumulation and its effects on the performance of solar PV systems in Mediterranean climate,” Energy Reports, vol. 11, pp. 2346-2359, 2024
  • [6] R. Venkateswari and S. Sreejith, “Factors influencing the efficiency of photovoltaic system,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 101, pp. 376-394, 2019.
  • [7] D. Craciunescu and L. Fara, Investigation of the partial shading effect of photovoltaic panels and optimization of their performance based on high-efficiency FLC algorithm,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1169, 2023.
  • [8] V. Vega-Garita, V. Alpizar-Gutierrez and J. Alpízar-Castillo, “A practical method for considering shading on photovoltaics systems energy yield,” Energy Conversion and Management: X, vol. 20, pp. 100412, 2023
  • [9] J. Jamal, I. Mansur, A. Rasid, M. Mulyadi, M. D. Marwan and M. Marwan, “Evaluating the shading effect of photovoltaic panels to optimize the performance ratio of a solar power system,” Results in Engineering, vol. 21, pp. 101878, 2024.
  • [10] P. Corti, P. Bonomo and F. Frontini, “Paper review of external integrated systems as photovoltaic shading devices,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 14, pp. 5542, 2023.
  • [11] R. G. Vieira, F. M. de Araújo, M. Dhimish and M. I. Guerra, “A comprehensive review on bypass diode application on photovoltaic modules,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 2472, 2020.
  • [12] J. C. Teo, R. H. Tan, V. H. Mok, V. K. Ramachandaramurthy and C. Tan, “Impact of bypass diode forward voltage on maximum power of a photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions,” Energy, vol. 191, pp. 116491, 2020.
  • [13] H. Mohammed, M. Kumar and R. Gupta, “Bypass diode effect on temperature distribution in crystalline silicon photovoltaic module under partial shading,” Solar Energy, vol. 208, pp. 182-194, 2020.
  • [14] Z. Smara, A. Aissat, H. Deboucha, H. Rezk, and S. Mekhilef, “An enhanced global MPPT method to mitigate overheating in PV systems under partial shading conditions,” Renewable Energy, vol. 234, pp. 121187, 2024.
  • [15] Shading effect of pv panels. Available: https://www.skyworth-pv.com/info/shading-effect-of-pv-panels-72899263.html
  • [16] Understanding open circuit voltage voc and short circuit current isc in solar panels. Available: https://www.renewsysworld.com/post/understanding-open-circuit-voltage-voc-and-short-circuit-current-isc-in-solar-panels.
  • [17] H. Al Mahdi, P. G. Leahy, M. Alghoul, and A. P. Morrison, “A Review of Photovoltaic Module Failure and Degradation Mechanisms: Causes and Detection Techniques,” Solar, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 43-82, 2024.
  • [18] Solar cell operation. Available: https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/open-circuit-voltage
  • [19] P. Caprioglio, J. A. Smith, R. D. Oliver, A. Dasgupta, S. Choudhary, M. D. Farrar, and H. J. Snaith, “Open-circuit and short-circuit loss management in wide-gap perovskite pin solar cells,” Nature communications, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 932, 2023.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Fotovoltaik Güç Sistemleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zeynep Bala Duranay 0000-0003-2212-5544

Hanifi Güldemir 0000-0003-0491-8348

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Mart 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 5 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

IEEE Z. B. Duranay ve H. Güldemir, “Examination of the Effect of Shading on a Photovoltaic System Performance”, DÜMF MD, c. 16, sy. 1, ss. 89–95, 2025, doi: 10.24012/dumf.1579306.
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