Quorum Sensing’e Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi Perspektifinden Bakış

Öz

Tek hücreli canlılarda çekirdek algılama olarak da adlandırılan quorum sensing (QS), bakterilerin sporulasyon, biyofilm oluşumu, bakteriyosin üretimi, virulans tepkileri gibi birçok hücresel işlevini gerçekleştiği bir sinyal mekanizmasıdır. Belirli hücre yoğunluğuna ulaşıldığında, bakteriler tarafından hücre dışı kimyasal sinyaller üretilerek hücreden hücreye iletişim gerçekleşir. Sinyalin (ve hücre popülasyonunun) konsantrasyonu yeterince yüksek olduğunda, hedef gen veya genler ya aktive olur ya da bastırılır. Bu sistem, bakterilerin besinlere veya daha uygun çevresel nişlere erişme yeteneğini arttırır, rakip hücrelere ve strese karşı bakteriyel savunmayı kuvvetlendirir. QS’in fizyolojik ve klinik yönleri çok ilgi görmüş ve moleküler düzeyde araştırılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, gıda bozulması ve gıda patojenlerinin matristeki gelişimi üzerine QS rolü hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Mikroorganizmalar arası bu iletişim sistemi mekanizması detaylı olarak anlaşıldığında gıda endüstrisinde sorun haline gelen patojen ve bozulma mikroorganizmalarının gelişiminin kontrol altına alınması için yeni antimikrobiyal maddeler geliştirilerek hem gıda güvenliğinin sağlanabileceği hem de ekonomik kayıpların da önüne geçilebileceği düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, QS'i anlamak, QS'i bozmak ve manipüle etmeye yönelik stratejilerin geliştirilmesi yönünde çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gıda mikrobiyolojisi
• otoindikatör
• quorum sensing
• quorum quenching

An Examination of Quorum Sensing from the Perspective of Food Microbiology

Abstract

Quorum sensing (QS), is a signaling mechanism in bacteria where various cellular functions such as sporulation, biofilm formation, bacteriocin production, and virulence responses occur. When a specific cell density is reached, bacteria communicate from cell to cell by producing extracellular chemical signals. When the concentration of the signal (and the cell population) becomes sufficiently high, target genes are either activated or suppressed. This system enhances bacteria's ability to access nutrients or more favorable environmental niches, strengthens bacterial defense against competing cells and stress. The physiological and clinical aspects of QS have garnered significant interest and have been extensively studied at the molecular level. However, little is known about the role of QS in food spoilage and the development of foodborne pathogens in the matrix. When the communication mechanism between microorganisms is fully understood, it is believed that developing new antimicrobial agents can help control the growth of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in the food industry, ensuring food safety, and preventing economic losses. Consequently, there is a need for research to understand QS, develop strategies to disrupt QS, and manipulate it.

Keywords

• Autoinducer
• food microbiology
• quorum sensing
• quorum quenching

Kaynakça

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