Evaluation of Oral-Dental Findings in Individuals with Special Care Needs

Öz

Aim: Oral health problems in children with special care needs are a major health problem that occurs in addition to general health problems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oral and dental health data of individuals with special care needs examined in schools providing special education in Istanbul. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Pedodontics and Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry Disable-Free Smile Student Club as a social responsibility project in schools providing special education in Istanbul special permissions were obtained before each screening for oral and dental health. Oral examination was done with the help of disposable dental mirror, explorer probe and cotton plier in daylight. In the examination, the ages of the children, their disability, whether they used drugs, the presence of dental caries, the presence of dental trauma, bruxism and malocclusion were recorded. Appropriate statistical tests/analyzes were used to evaluate the data and the level of significance was set to be 0.05. Results: Intraoral examination of individuals with 163 special care needs including 42 autism, 111 mental retardation and 10 Down syndrome was performed. There was no statistically significant difference between the DMFT and dft averages of all three groups (p>0.05). Neutral occlusion rate was lower in individuals with Down syndrome than in individuals with autism and people with intellectual disabilities (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Class II occlusion rates of all three groups (p>0.05). It was found that the frequency of Class III relationship was higher in individuals with Down syndrome than individuals with mental retardation and autism. Also it was higher in individuals with mental retardation than individuals with autism (p<0.05). Conclusion: Individuals with special care needs should be followed in terms of dental caries, malocclusion, erosive tooth loss, bruxism and dental trauma and should be followed closely for oral and dental health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disabled children
• dentistry for disabled
• Down syndrome
• autism
• mentally handicapped

Özel Bakım Gereksinimi Olan Bireylerde Ağız-Diş Bulgularının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Özel bakım gereksinimi olan çocuklarda ağız sağlığı problemleri, genel sağlık sorunlarına ek olarak ortaya çıkan büyük bir sağlık sorunudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İstanbul ilinde özel eğitim veren okullarda muayene edilen özel bakım gereksinimi olan bireylerin ağız-diş sağlığı verilerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışma İstanbul Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı ile İstanbul Üniversitesi Diş hekimliği Fakültesi Engelsiz Gülüşler Öğrenci Kulübü sosyal sorumluluk projesi olarak İstanbul ili içerisinde özel eğitim veren okullarda gerçekleştirildi. Ağız ve diş sağlığı taramaları için her bir tarama öncesi özel olarak izin alındı. Ağız muayenesi gün ışığında tek kullanımlık ayna, sond ve presel yardımı ile yapıldı. Muayenede çocukların yaşları, engel durumları, ilaç kullanıp kullanmadıkları, diş çürüğü varlığı, dental travma varlığı, diş sıkma ve maloklüzyon durumları kaydedildi. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde uygun istatistiksel testler/analizler kullanıldı ve anlamlılık düzeyi 0,05 olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: 42’sinde otizm, 111’inde mental retardasyon ve 10’unda Down sendromu olmak üzere 163 özel bakım gereksinimi olan bireyin ağız içi muayenesi yapıldı. Her üç grubun DMFT ve dft ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p>0,05). Down sendromlu bireylerde nötral oklüzyon görülme oranı, otizmli bireylerden daha düşük bulundu (p<0,05). Sınıf II maloklüzyon için gruplar arası fark görülmezken, Sınıf III maloklüzyon görülme oranının zihinsel engellilerde otizmlilere göre daha yüksek, Down sendromlu bireylerde hem zihinsel engelli bireylerden hem de otizmli bireylerden daha yüksek olduğu görüldü (p<0,05). Sonuç: Özel bakım gereksinimi olan bireylerin diş çürükleri, maloklüzyon, dişlerde aşınma, bruksizm, dental travma ve ağız-diş sağlığı açısından takip edilmeleri ve ağız-diş sağlığı açısından yakından takip edilmeleri gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• engelli çocuklar
• engelliler için diş hekimliği
• Down sendromu
• otizm
• zihinsel engelli

Kaynakça

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