THE EFFECTS OF MARKET ORIENTATION DIMENSIONS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE
Yıl 2009,
Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 513 - 538, 01.05.2009
Lütfihak Alpkan
Çağrı Bulut
,
Cengiz Yılmaz
Öz
Market orientation consists of organization-wide activities to give the highest value to the customers and to understand and satisfy their expectations and needs. In this study customer orientation, competitor orientation and interfunctional coordination have been used as the dimensions of market orientation and their effects on firm innovative and financial performance have been investigated with a comprehensive field study conducted in Turkiye. The findings of the hypothesis testing, which has been done by structural equations modeling demonstrated significant results to both practitioners and academicians
Kaynakça
- Achrol, R. ve Kotler, P., (1999). “Marketing in the Network Economy,” Journal of
Marketing,” 63, 146-163.
- Acs, Z.J. ve Audretsch, D.B., (1989). “Patents as a measure of innovative
activity,” Kyklos, Aug 42(2), 171–180.
- Alpkan, L., Bulut, Ç. ve Mert, E., (2005). “Strategic Planning Trends in Turkish
Small Firms: Empirical Study on SMEs in Kocaeli”, International Strategic
Management Congress, Kongre Bildirileri Kitabı, Haziran (2005), Çanakkale.
- Andersen, T.J., (2001). “Information Technology, Strategic Decision Making
Approaches and Organizational Performance in Different Industrial Settings,”
The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 10(2), 101-119.
531
- Antoncic, B. ve Hisrich, R.D., (2001). “Intrapreneurship: Construct Refinement
and Cross-Cultural Validation,” Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 495–527.
- Atuahene-Gima K. ve Ko A., (2001). “An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of
Market Orientation and Entrepreneurship Orientation Alignment on Product
Innovation,” Organization Science, 12(1), 54-73.
- Baker, W.E. ve Sinkula, J.M., (1999). “The Synergistic Effect of Market
Orientation and Learning Orientation on Organizational Performance,” Journal
of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(4), 411 – 427.
- Barney, J.B., (1986). “Organizational Culture : Can It Be a Source of Sustained
Competitive Advantage,” Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 656-665.
- Barringer, B.R. ve Bluedorn, A.C., (1999). “The Relationship between Corporate
Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management,” Strategic Management Journal,
20, 421-444.
- Bass, B.M., (1985). Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations. Free
Press: New York.
- Bulut, Ç. ve Alpkan, L., (2006). “Behavioral Consequences of an
Entrepreneurial Climate within Large Organizations: An Integrative Proposed
Model”, The South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 1(2), 64–
70.
- Capon, N., Farley, J.U. ve Hoenig, S., (1990). “Determinants of Financial
Performance: A Meta-Analysis,” Management Science, 36(10), 1143-1159.
- Celuch, K.G., Kasouf C. J. ve Peruvemba V., (2002). “The effects of Perceived
Market and Learning Orientation on Assessed Organizational Capabilities,”
Industrial Marketing Management, 31, 545– 554.
- Conger J.A. ve Kanungo, R.N., (1987). “Toward a Behavioral Theory of
Charismatic Leadership in Organizational Settings,” Academy of Management
Review, 12, 637-647.
- Connor, T., (2007). “Market Orientation and Performance,” Strategic
Management Journal, 28, Nisan, 957–959
- Czarnitzki, D. ve Kraft, K., (2004). “An Empirical Test of the Asymmetric Models
on Innovative Activity: Who Invests More Into R&D, the Incumbent or the
Challenger?” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 54(2), 153-173.
- Day, G.S., (1990). Market Driven Strategy: Process for Creating Value. Free
Press: New York.
- Day, G.S., (1994a). “The Capabilities of Market Driven Organizations,” Journal
of Marketing, 58, Ekim, 37-52.
- Day, G.S., (1994b). “Continuous Learning About Markets,” California
Management Review, 36 (4), 9-31.
- Day, G.S. ve Wensley, R., (1988). “Assessing Advantage: A Framework for
Diagnosing Competitive Superiority,” Journal of Marketing, 52(2), April, 1-20.
- DeNisi, A.S., Hitt, M.A. ve Jackson, S.E., (2003). “The Knowledge-Based
Approach to Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” içinde Ed. DeNisi, A.S.; Hitt,
M.A. ve Jackson, S.E., Managing Knowledge for Sustained Competitive
Advantage Designing Strategies for Effective Human Resource Management,
Josey-Bass: San Francisco.
- Denison, D.R., (2000). Organizational Culture: Can It Be a Key Lever for Driving
Organizational Change: The Handbook of Organizational Culture. Wiley:
London, 2002
- Deshpande, R. ve Farley, J.U., (1998a). “The Market Orientation Construct:
Correlations, Culture, and Comprehensiveness,” Journal of Market Focused
Management, 2, 237–239.
- Deshpande, R. ve Farley, J.U., (1998b). “Measuring Market Orientation:
Generalization and Synthesis,” Journal of Market Focused Management, 2, 213–
232.
- Deshpande, R. ve Webster, F.E., (1989). “Organizational Culture and
Marketing: Defining the Research Agenda,” Journal of Marketing, January, 53:3–
15.
- Deshpande, R., Farley, J.U. ve. Webster, F.E., (1993). “Corporate Culture,
Customer Orientation, and Innovativeness in Japanese Firms: A Quadrad
Analysis,” Journal of Marketing, 57, Ocak, 23-27.
- Dobni, C.B. ve Luffman, G., (2003). “Determining The Scope and Impact of
Market Orientation Profiles on Strategy Implementation and Performance,”
Strategic Management Journal, 24, 577-585.
- Drucker, P., (1954). The Practice of Management. Harper-Row: New York.
- Drucker, P., (1985). “The Discipline of the Innovator,” Harvard Business Review,
63(3), 67-72.
- Fornell C. ve Larcker, D., (1981). “Evaluating structural equation models with
unobservable variables and measurement error,” Journal of Marketing
Research, 18, Şubat, 39– 50.
- Gatignon, H. ve Xuereb, J.M., (1997). “Strategic Orientation of the Firm New
Product Performance,” Journal of Marketing Research, 34(1), 77-90.
- Greenly, G.E., (1995). “Form of Market Orientation in UK Companies,” Journal
of Management Studies, 32(1), 47-66.
- Hagedoorn, J. ve Cloodt, M., (2003). “Measuring innovative performance: is
there an advantage in using multiple indicators?” Research Policy, 32, 1365–
1379.
- Han, J.K., Kim, N. ve Srivastava, R.K., (1998). “Market Orientation and
Organizational Performance: Is Innovation a Missing Link?” Journal of
Marketing, 62, Ekim, 30-45.
- Hanvanich, S. Dröge, C. ve Calantone, R., (2003). “Reconceptualizing the
meaning and domain of marketing knowledge,” Journal of Knowledge
Management, 7(4), 124-135.
- Huber, G.P., (1991). “Organizational Learning, the Contributing Process and the
Literature,” Organization Science, 2(1), 88-105.
- Hult, G.T.M., Ketchen, Jr. D.J. ve Slater, S.F., (2005). “Market Orientation and
Performance: An Integration of Disparate Approaches,” Strategic Management
Journal, 26: 1173–1181.
- Hunt, S.D. ve Morgan, R.M., (1996). “The Resource-Advantage of Competition:
Dynamics, Path Dependencies, and Evolutionary Dimensions,” Journal of
Marketing, 60, Ekim, 107-114.
- Jaworski, Bernard J., (1988). “Toward A Theory of Marketing Control:
Environmental Context,” Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 23-39.
- Johnson, J. L., Lee, R. P.W., Saini, A. ve Grohman, B., (2003). “MarketFocused
Strategic Flexibility: Conceptual Advances and an Integrative Model,”
- Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(1), 74-89.
- Kaleka, A., (2002). “Resources and Capabilities Driving Competitive Advantage
in Export Markets: Guidelines for Industrial Exporters,” Industrial Marketing
Management, 31, 273– 283.
- Kanter, R.M., (2006). “Innovation: The Classic Traps,” Harvard Business
Review, November, 73-83.
- Kanter, R.M. ve Brinkerhoff, D., (1981). “Organizational Performance: Recent
Developments in Measurement,” Annual Review of Sociology, 7, 321-349.
- Ketchen, D.J., Hult, G.T.M. ve Slater, S.F., (2007). “Toward Greater
Understanding of Market Orientation and the Resource-Based View,” Strategic
Management Journal, 28: 961–964.
- Kohli, A.K. ve Jaworski, B.J., (1990). “Market Orientation: The Construct,
Research Propositions and Managerial Implications,” Journal of Marketing, 54
(2), 1-18.
- Kohli, A.K., Jaworski, B.J. ve Kumar, A., (1993). “MARKOR: A Measure of
Market Orientation,” Journal of Marketing Research, 30 (4), 467–477.
- Kotler, P., (1977). “From Sales Obsession to Marketing Effectiveness,” Harvard
Business Review, Kasım-Aralık, 67-75.
- Kotler, P., (2003). Marketing Insights from A to Z: 80 Concepts Every Manager
Needs To Know. Wiley: New Jersey.
- Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Sounders, J. ve Wony, V., (1999). Principles of
Marketing: Second European Edition. Prentice-Hall: Europe.
- Kraft, K., (1989). “Market Structure, Firm Characteristics and Innovative
Activity,” The Journal of Industrial Economics, 37(3), 329-336.
- Lawrence, P.R. ve Lorsch, J.W., (1967). “Differentiation and Integration in
Complex Organizations,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 12(1), 1-47.
- Lepak, D.P. ve Snell, S.A., (2003). “Managing the Human Resource
Architecture for Knowledge-Based Competition” içinde Ed. DeNisi, A.S.; Hitt,
- M.A. ve Jackson, S.E., Managing Knowledge for Sustained Competitive
Advantage Designing Strategies for Effective Human Resource Management.
Josey-Bass: San Francisco.
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45-56.
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China: The Effects of Strategic Orientations,” Asia Pacific Journal of
Management, 22, 423-443.
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Journal of Business Research, 57, 405– 413.
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Innovation,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), 239-247.
- Matsuno, K., Mentzer,J.T. ve Rentz, J.O., (2005). “A conceptual and empirical
comparison of three market orientation scales,” Journal of Business Research,
58 (1), 1-8.
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Performance an Empirical Exploration of the Selection-Adaptation Debate,”
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PAZAR ORYANTASYONU BOYUTLARININ FİRMA PERFORMANSINA ETKİLERİ
Yıl 2009,
Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 513 - 538, 01.05.2009
Lütfihak Alpkan
Çağrı Bulut
,
Cengiz Yılmaz
Öz
Pazar oryantasyonu, müşterilerin beklenti ve ihtiyaçlarını anlamaya, tatmin etmeye ve onlara verilen değeri azami kılmaya yönelik organizasyonel faaliyetlerin bütünüdür. Bu çalışmada müşteri odaklılık, rakip odaklılık ve departmanlar arası koordinasyon pazar oryantasyonunun bileşenleri olarak ele alınmış olup, firma yenilik ve finansal performansına etkileri, geniş çaplı bir saha araştırması ile incelenmiştir. Yapısal denklik modellemesi ile test edilen araştırma hipotezlerinin bulguları, gerek uygulamacılara gerekse bu alanda çalışan akademisyenlere önemli sonuçlar sunmaktadır
Kaynakça
- Achrol, R. ve Kotler, P., (1999). “Marketing in the Network Economy,” Journal of
Marketing,” 63, 146-163.
- Acs, Z.J. ve Audretsch, D.B., (1989). “Patents as a measure of innovative
activity,” Kyklos, Aug 42(2), 171–180.
- Alpkan, L., Bulut, Ç. ve Mert, E., (2005). “Strategic Planning Trends in Turkish
Small Firms: Empirical Study on SMEs in Kocaeli”, International Strategic
Management Congress, Kongre Bildirileri Kitabı, Haziran (2005), Çanakkale.
- Andersen, T.J., (2001). “Information Technology, Strategic Decision Making
Approaches and Organizational Performance in Different Industrial Settings,”
The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 10(2), 101-119.
531
- Antoncic, B. ve Hisrich, R.D., (2001). “Intrapreneurship: Construct Refinement
and Cross-Cultural Validation,” Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 495–527.
- Atuahene-Gima K. ve Ko A., (2001). “An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of
Market Orientation and Entrepreneurship Orientation Alignment on Product
Innovation,” Organization Science, 12(1), 54-73.
- Baker, W.E. ve Sinkula, J.M., (1999). “The Synergistic Effect of Market
Orientation and Learning Orientation on Organizational Performance,” Journal
of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(4), 411 – 427.
- Barney, J.B., (1986). “Organizational Culture : Can It Be a Source of Sustained
Competitive Advantage,” Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 656-665.
- Barringer, B.R. ve Bluedorn, A.C., (1999). “The Relationship between Corporate
Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management,” Strategic Management Journal,
20, 421-444.
- Bass, B.M., (1985). Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations. Free
Press: New York.
- Bulut, Ç. ve Alpkan, L., (2006). “Behavioral Consequences of an
Entrepreneurial Climate within Large Organizations: An Integrative Proposed
Model”, The South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 1(2), 64–
70.
- Capon, N., Farley, J.U. ve Hoenig, S., (1990). “Determinants of Financial
Performance: A Meta-Analysis,” Management Science, 36(10), 1143-1159.
- Celuch, K.G., Kasouf C. J. ve Peruvemba V., (2002). “The effects of Perceived
Market and Learning Orientation on Assessed Organizational Capabilities,”
Industrial Marketing Management, 31, 545– 554.
- Conger J.A. ve Kanungo, R.N., (1987). “Toward a Behavioral Theory of
Charismatic Leadership in Organizational Settings,” Academy of Management
Review, 12, 637-647.
- Connor, T., (2007). “Market Orientation and Performance,” Strategic
Management Journal, 28, Nisan, 957–959
- Czarnitzki, D. ve Kraft, K., (2004). “An Empirical Test of the Asymmetric Models
on Innovative Activity: Who Invests More Into R&D, the Incumbent or the
Challenger?” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 54(2), 153-173.
- Day, G.S., (1990). Market Driven Strategy: Process for Creating Value. Free
Press: New York.
- Day, G.S., (1994a). “The Capabilities of Market Driven Organizations,” Journal
of Marketing, 58, Ekim, 37-52.
- Day, G.S., (1994b). “Continuous Learning About Markets,” California
Management Review, 36 (4), 9-31.
- Day, G.S. ve Wensley, R., (1988). “Assessing Advantage: A Framework for
Diagnosing Competitive Superiority,” Journal of Marketing, 52(2), April, 1-20.
- DeNisi, A.S., Hitt, M.A. ve Jackson, S.E., (2003). “The Knowledge-Based
Approach to Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” içinde Ed. DeNisi, A.S.; Hitt,
M.A. ve Jackson, S.E., Managing Knowledge for Sustained Competitive
Advantage Designing Strategies for Effective Human Resource Management,
Josey-Bass: San Francisco.
- Denison, D.R., (2000). Organizational Culture: Can It Be a Key Lever for Driving
Organizational Change: The Handbook of Organizational Culture. Wiley:
London, 2002
- Deshpande, R. ve Farley, J.U., (1998a). “The Market Orientation Construct:
Correlations, Culture, and Comprehensiveness,” Journal of Market Focused
Management, 2, 237–239.
- Deshpande, R. ve Farley, J.U., (1998b). “Measuring Market Orientation:
Generalization and Synthesis,” Journal of Market Focused Management, 2, 213–
232.
- Deshpande, R. ve Webster, F.E., (1989). “Organizational Culture and
Marketing: Defining the Research Agenda,” Journal of Marketing, January, 53:3–
15.
- Deshpande, R., Farley, J.U. ve. Webster, F.E., (1993). “Corporate Culture,
Customer Orientation, and Innovativeness in Japanese Firms: A Quadrad
Analysis,” Journal of Marketing, 57, Ocak, 23-27.
- Dobni, C.B. ve Luffman, G., (2003). “Determining The Scope and Impact of
Market Orientation Profiles on Strategy Implementation and Performance,”
Strategic Management Journal, 24, 577-585.
- Drucker, P., (1954). The Practice of Management. Harper-Row: New York.
- Drucker, P., (1985). “The Discipline of the Innovator,” Harvard Business Review,
63(3), 67-72.
- Fornell C. ve Larcker, D., (1981). “Evaluating structural equation models with
unobservable variables and measurement error,” Journal of Marketing
Research, 18, Şubat, 39– 50.
- Gatignon, H. ve Xuereb, J.M., (1997). “Strategic Orientation of the Firm New
Product Performance,” Journal of Marketing Research, 34(1), 77-90.
- Greenly, G.E., (1995). “Form of Market Orientation in UK Companies,” Journal
of Management Studies, 32(1), 47-66.
- Hagedoorn, J. ve Cloodt, M., (2003). “Measuring innovative performance: is
there an advantage in using multiple indicators?” Research Policy, 32, 1365–
1379.
- Han, J.K., Kim, N. ve Srivastava, R.K., (1998). “Market Orientation and
Organizational Performance: Is Innovation a Missing Link?” Journal of
Marketing, 62, Ekim, 30-45.
- Hanvanich, S. Dröge, C. ve Calantone, R., (2003). “Reconceptualizing the
meaning and domain of marketing knowledge,” Journal of Knowledge
Management, 7(4), 124-135.
- Huber, G.P., (1991). “Organizational Learning, the Contributing Process and the
Literature,” Organization Science, 2(1), 88-105.
- Hult, G.T.M., Ketchen, Jr. D.J. ve Slater, S.F., (2005). “Market Orientation and
Performance: An Integration of Disparate Approaches,” Strategic Management
Journal, 26: 1173–1181.
- Hunt, S.D. ve Morgan, R.M., (1996). “The Resource-Advantage of Competition:
Dynamics, Path Dependencies, and Evolutionary Dimensions,” Journal of
Marketing, 60, Ekim, 107-114.
- Jaworski, Bernard J., (1988). “Toward A Theory of Marketing Control:
Environmental Context,” Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 23-39.
- Johnson, J. L., Lee, R. P.W., Saini, A. ve Grohman, B., (2003). “MarketFocused
Strategic Flexibility: Conceptual Advances and an Integrative Model,”
- Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(1), 74-89.
- Kaleka, A., (2002). “Resources and Capabilities Driving Competitive Advantage
in Export Markets: Guidelines for Industrial Exporters,” Industrial Marketing
Management, 31, 273– 283.
- Kanter, R.M., (2006). “Innovation: The Classic Traps,” Harvard Business
Review, November, 73-83.
- Kanter, R.M. ve Brinkerhoff, D., (1981). “Organizational Performance: Recent
Developments in Measurement,” Annual Review of Sociology, 7, 321-349.
- Ketchen, D.J., Hult, G.T.M. ve Slater, S.F., (2007). “Toward Greater
Understanding of Market Orientation and the Resource-Based View,” Strategic
Management Journal, 28: 961–964.
- Kohli, A.K. ve Jaworski, B.J., (1990). “Market Orientation: The Construct,
Research Propositions and Managerial Implications,” Journal of Marketing, 54
(2), 1-18.
- Kohli, A.K., Jaworski, B.J. ve Kumar, A., (1993). “MARKOR: A Measure of
Market Orientation,” Journal of Marketing Research, 30 (4), 467–477.
- Kotler, P., (1977). “From Sales Obsession to Marketing Effectiveness,” Harvard
Business Review, Kasım-Aralık, 67-75.
- Kotler, P., (2003). Marketing Insights from A to Z: 80 Concepts Every Manager
Needs To Know. Wiley: New Jersey.
- Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Sounders, J. ve Wony, V., (1999). Principles of
Marketing: Second European Edition. Prentice-Hall: Europe.
- Kraft, K., (1989). “Market Structure, Firm Characteristics and Innovative
Activity,” The Journal of Industrial Economics, 37(3), 329-336.
- Lawrence, P.R. ve Lorsch, J.W., (1967). “Differentiation and Integration in
Complex Organizations,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 12(1), 1-47.
- Lepak, D.P. ve Snell, S.A., (2003). “Managing the Human Resource
Architecture for Knowledge-Based Competition” içinde Ed. DeNisi, A.S.; Hitt,
- M.A. ve Jackson, S.E., Managing Knowledge for Sustained Competitive
Advantage Designing Strategies for Effective Human Resource Management.
Josey-Bass: San Francisco.
- Levitt, T., (1960). “Marketing Myopia,” Harvard Business Review, TemmuzAğustos,
45-56.
- Li, J.J., (2005). “The Formation of Managerial Networks of Foreign Firms in
China: The Effects of Strategic Orientations,” Asia Pacific Journal of
Management, 22, 423-443.
- Lings, I.N., (2004). “Internal Market Orientation Construct and Consequences,”
Journal of Business Research, 57, 405– 413.
- Lukas B.A. ve Ferrel, O.C., (2000). “The Effect of Market Orientation on Product
Innovation,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), 239-247.
- Matsuno, K., Mentzer,J.T. ve Rentz, J.O., (2005). “A conceptual and empirical
comparison of three market orientation scales,” Journal of Business Research,
58 (1), 1-8.
- Meeus, M.T.H. ve Oerlemans, L.A.G., (2000). “Firm Behavior and Innovative
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