Türkiye’nin Çevresel Enerji Etkinliği ve Toplam Faktör Verimliliği: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 379 - 396, 01.08.2011

Nevzat Şimşek

Öz

Türkiye’nin enerji verimliliği ve etkinliğinin, OECD ülkeleri örneklemi içinde karşılaştırmalı olarak ölçülmesi amaçlanan bu çalışmada, Veri Zarflama Analizi çerçevesinde Süper Etkinlik Modeli ve İstenmeyen Çıktı Modeli ile Türkiye’nin ekonomi düzeyinde teknik etkinliği ölçülmüş, Malmquist endeksi yardımıyla Türkiye’nin toplam faktör verimliliğindeki değişme analiz edilmiştir. Türkiye ithal ettiği enerjiyi de diğer üretim faktörleri ile birlikte etkin kullanamadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Türkiye’nin kullandığı enerjide ağırlığın fosil yakıtlarda olması CO2 salınımının da fazla olmasına neden olmaktadır. Model sonuçları çerçevesinde Türkiye’nin ekonomisinin yapısı ile ilgili önemli bulgular ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çerçevede niteliksiz emek, nükleer eksikliği, enerji güvenliği, enerji güvenliği bağlamında da temiz enerji ön plana çıkmaktadır. Hızla artan enerji ihtiyacı göz önüne alındığında; yerli kaynakların değerlendirilmesini sağlayacak, Türkiye koşullarına uygun, dünyada enerji alanındaki gelişmeleri takip eden, uzun vadeli sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel politikaları bir arada ele alan bir enerji politikasına ihtiyaç duyulduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enerji etkinliği ve verimliliği, çevresel enerji etkinliği

Environmental Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity of Turkey: A Comparative Analysis

Öz

In this paper I aim to measure Turkey’s energy efficiency and productivity in the OECD sample comperatively. I have used the Super Efficiency Model and the Bad Output Model to measure technical efficiency of Turkey generally and to see Turkey’s inefficiency in the energy inputs specificially under general return to scale assumption. Also I have used the Malmquist index to measure the changes in total factor productivity. I have come to the conclusion that Turkey hasn’t used energy inputs efficiently as non-energy inputs did. The fact that the share of fossil fuel is much in the energy consumption of Turkey has caused higher CO2 emissions in Turkey. According to the model results unskilled labour, lack of nuclear energy, energy security and clean energy have come to the forefront for Turkey. I have concluded that we need an energy policy which will follow developments in the energy field in the world, will be in accordance with our long term social, economic and environmental policies and will enable to use our domestic sources, by taking into consideration ever-growing energy needs in the world

Anahtar Kelimeler

Energy efficiency and productivity, environmental efficiency

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