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The Effects of Saving-Investment Gap on Economic Growth in the Fragile Five: A New Generation Econometric Analysis

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 197 - 210, 01.05.2016

Öz

In this study, the relationship between savinginvestment gap and economic growth in India, Brazil, Indonesia, Turkey and South Africa was analyzed via a new generation time series analysis method. In conclusion; it was found that savinginvestment deficit of countries affects their economic growth negatively. Error correction mechanisms of models are working

Kaynakça

  • Aghion, P. ve Howitt, P (1992) “A Model of Growth
  • Through Creative Destruction” Econometrica, 60(2): 351. Ahmed, S. ve Zlate, A. (2014) “Capital Flows to
  • Emerging Market Economies: A Brave New World?” Journal of International Money and Finance, 48, 221- Aizenman, J., Binici, M. ve Hutchison, M. M. (2014)
  • “The Transmission of Federal Reserve Tapering News to Emerging Financial Markets” National Bureau of Economic Research (No. w19980).
  • Bacha, E. L. (1990) “A Three-Gap Model of Foreign
  • Transfers and The GDP Growth Rate in Developing Countries” Journal of Development economics, 32(2): 296. Bai, J. ve Perron, P. (1998) “Estimating and Testing
  • Linear Models with Multiple Structural Changes” Econometrica, 66(1): 47-78. Banerjee, A., H. (1992) “Recursive and Sequential Tests of The Unit Root and Trend Break Hypotheses: Theory and International Evidence” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 10: 271–288. ve by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods” Econometrica, 37(3): 424–438.
  • Bernanke, B. S. (2005) “ The Global Saving Glut and the U.S. Current Account Deficit” Homer Jones Lecture, St.
  • Louis, Missouri, April 2005. http://www.federalreserve. gov/boarddocs/speeches/2005/20050414/default. htm
  • Buiter, W. H. (1981) “Time Preference and International
  • Lending and Borrowing in an Overlapping- Generations Model” Journal of Political Economy, 89: 797. Cass, D. (1965) “Optimum Growth in an Aggregative
  • Model of Capital Accumulation” The Review of economic studies: 233-240. CEBR (2014). World Economic League Table 2015
  • Highlights, December 26,2014. http://www.cebr. com/reports/world-economic-league-table-2015/.
  • Cheung, C., Furceri, D. ve Rusticelli, E. (2013) “Structural and Cyclical Factors Behind Current Account
  • Balances” Review of International Economics, 21(5): 944. Cullison, W. E. (1993) “Saving Measures as Economic
  • Growth Indicators” Contemporary Economic Policy, 11 (1): 1-8. Deaton, A. ve Paxson, C. (2000) “Growth and Saving among Individuals and Households”
  • Economics and Statistics, 82(2): 212-225. Review of De Gregorio, J. (1992) “Economic Growth in Latin
  • America” Journal of development economics, 39(1): 84. Eğilmez, M. (2013) “Kırılgan Beşli”, http://www. mahfiegilmez.com/2013/11/krlgan-besli.html (05.04.2015)
  • Feyrer, J. ve Shambaugh, J. (2012) “Global Savings and Global Investment: The Transmission of Identified
  • Fiscal Shocks” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, 4(2): 95-114. Gallagher, K. (2012) “The Myth of Financial
  • Protectionism: The New (and Old) Economics Of Capital Controls” Political Economy Research Institute Working Paper, 278. Gente, K., León-Ledesma, M. A. ve Nourry, C. (2014)
  • “External Constraints and Endogenous Growth: Why Didn’t Some Countries Benefit From Capital Flows?” Journal of International Money and Finance,10. Howitt, P. ve Aghion, P. (1998) “Capital Accumulation and Innovation as Complementary Factors in Long
  • Run Growth” Journal of Economic Growth, 3(2): 111- IMF (2012) “The Liberalization and Management of
  • Capital Flows: An Institutional View” November 2012.
  • İnsel, A. ve Sungur, N. (2003) “Sermaye Akımlarının
  • Temel Makroekonomik Göstergeler Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği1989-: III1999-: IV” Turkish
  • Economic Association, Discussion Paper, (No. 2003/8).
  • Jappelli, T. ve Pagano, M. (1994) “Saving, Growth, and Liquidity Constraints” The Quarterly Journal of Economics: 83-109.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2012) “Yüksek Büyümenin
  • Sürdürülebilirliği: Yurtiçi Tasarrufların Rolü Türkiye Ülke Ekonomik Raporu”, Dünya Bankası’nın aynı başlıklı raporundan çeviri, http:// siteresources.worldbank.org/turkeyinturkishextn/ R e s o u r c e s / 4 5 5 6 8 7 - 1 3 3 1 6 2 6 5 8 0 7 6 4 / c e m _ yurticitasarruflar_tammetin.pdf, (17.06.2015).
  • Kapetanios, G. (2005) “Unit‐Root Testing Against the Alternative Hypothesis of Up to M Structural
  • Breaks” Journal of Time Series Analysis, 26(1): 123-133. Kaya, V., Yılmaz, Ö. ve Talaş, E. (2009) “Yükselen
  • Piyasa Ekonomileri ve Türkiye,1990–2006:
  • Neredeyiz?Emerging Market Economies and Turkey, 2006: Where are we?” Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal
  • Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1): 315-342. Koopmans, T.C. (1965) “On the Concept of Optimal
  • Economic Growth” In The Econometric Approach to Development Planning, Amsterdam: North-Holland. Kynge, J. (2014) “EM’s “Fragile Five” Back Under
  • Pressure” Financial Times, 28 August,2014.http://www. ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7dc3688c-2ea6-11e4-bffa-00144 feabdc0.html#axzz3WnxP2ak3 (09.04.2015).
  • Landon, T. J. (2014) “Fragile Five is the Latest Club of Emerging Nations in Turmoil” New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/29/business/ international/fragile-five-is-the-latest-club-of- emerging-nations-in-turmoil (07.04.2015).
  • Lane, P.R. ve Pels, B. (2012) “Current Account Imblances in Europe” IIIS Discussion Paper No.397/April 2012
  • Lee, J. ve Strazicich, M.C. (2003) “Minimum Lagrange
  • Multiplier Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4): 1082
  • Looney, R. E. (1996) “National Savings İn Pakistan:
  • Causal Linkages with The Macroeconomy” Savings and Development,20: 461–475. Lumsdaine, R. L. and Papell, D. H. (1997). Multiple trend breaks and the unit root hypothesis. Review of
  • Economics and Statistics, 79(2), 212–217. Maki, D. (2012) “Tests for Cointegration Allowing for an Unknown Number Of Breaks” Economic Modelling, (5): 2011-2015.
  • Mercan, M. ve Göçer, İ. (2012) “Zamanlararası Dış
  • Denge Ve Optimizasyon Yaklaşımları Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Cari Açığın Sürdürülebilirliği” Akdeniz Universitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(24): 73-101. Mohan, R. (2008) “Growth Record of the Indian
  • Economy, 1950-2008: A Story Of Sustained Savings and Investment” Economic and Political Weekly: 61-71.
  • Morgan Stanley (2013) “FX Pulse Preparing for
  • Volatility” Global Outlook, 01.08.2013 http://www. morganstanleyfa.com/public/projectfiles/dce4d168- f9-4245-9605-e37e2caf114c.pdf (05.02.2015)
  • Ng, S. ve Perron, P.. (2001). Lag Length Selection and The Construction of Unit Root Tests With Good Size and Power. Econometrica, 69: 1519-1554.
  • Obstfeld, M. (1982a) “Transitory Terms of Trade Shocks and The Current Account: The Case of Constant Time
  • Preference” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series,(No: 834). Obstfeld, M. (1982b) “Aggregate Spending and the Terms of Trade: Is There a Laursen-Metzler Effect?”
  • Quarterly Journal of Economics 97: 251-270. Obstfeld, M. (2012) “Financial Flows, Financial Crises, and Global Imbalances” Journal of International
  • Money and Finance, 31(3): 469-480. OECD (2013) http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/
  • Brazil_2013_Overview_ENG.pdf
  • Örnek, İ. (2008) “Yabancı Sermaye Akımlarının Yurtiçi
  • Tasarruf ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği” Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi,63(02): 199- Öz, S. (2007) “Küresel Rekabette Yeni Bir Güç:
  • Hindistan” TUSİAD-Sabancı Üniversitesi Rekabet Forumu, Kasım,2007.
  • Prasad, E. S., Rajan, R. G. ve Subramanian, A. (2007) “Foreign Capital and Economic Growth”
  • National Bureau of Economic Research (No. w13619).
  • Perron, P. (1989) “The Great Crash, The Oil Price Shock, and The Unit Root Hypothesis” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society,57(6): 1361-1401
  • Perron, P. (1997) “Further Evidence on Breaking Trend
  • Functions in Macroeconomic Variables” Journal of Econometric, 80: 355-385. Romer, P. M. (1986) “Increasing Returns and Long-Run
  • Growth” The Journal of Political Economy,94(5): 1002
  • Romer, P.M. (1990) “Endogenous Technological
  • Change” Journal of Political Economy, 98(5): 71-102. Sachs, J. (1981) “The Current Account and Macroeconomic Adjustment in The 1970s” Brookings
  • Papers on Economic Activity, 1: 201-282. Saikonen, P. (1991) “Asymptotic Efficient Estimation of Cointegration Regressions” Economteric Theory, 7: 21.
  • Solow, R. (1956) “A Contribution to The Theory of
  • Economic Growth” Quarterly Journal of Economics, (1): 65-94. Stakénas, P. (2010) “Dynamic OLS Estimation of
  • Fractionally Cointegrated Regressions”, Amsterdam School of Economics, Discussion Paper, No: 11. Steiner, A. (2013) “The Accumulation of Foreign
  • Exchange by Central Banks: Fear of Capital Mobility?” Journal of Macroeconomics, 38: 409-427. Stock, J. H. ve Watson, M. W. (1993) “A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated
  • Systems” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 61(4): 783-820. Svensson, L. E. ve Razin, A. (1983) “The Terms of Trade and The Current Account: The Harberger-Laursen
  • Metzler Effect” The Journal of Political Economy, 91(1): 125. Tang, C.F. ve Chua, S.Y.(2012) “The savings-growth nexus for the Malaysian economy: a viewthrough rolling sub-samples” Applied Economics,44(32): 4173
  • Toda, H. Y. Ve Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical
  • Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes” Journal of Econometrics, 66(1): 250. Van, C. L., Nguyen, T. A. ve Tuan, T. D. (2014) “Saving
  • Rate, Total Factor Productivity and Growth Process for Developing Countries” Department of Research, (No. 424), Ipag Business School. Yeldan, E. (2009) “Kapitalizmin Yeniden Finansallaşması ve 2007/2008 Krizi: Türkiye Krizin Neresinde?” Çalışma ve Toplum, 1: 11-28.
  • Yılancı, V. ve Özcan, B. (2010) “Yapısal Kırılmalar
  • Altında Türkiye için Savunma Harcamaları ile GSMH Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi” C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1): 21-33. Zivot, A. ve Andrews, D.W.K. (1992) “Further Evidence on The Great Crash The Oil Price Shock and The Unit
  • Root Hypothesis” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 10(3): 270–251.

Kırılgan Beşlide Tasarruf-Yatırım Açığının Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkileri: Yeni Nesil Bir Ekonometrik Analiz

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 197 - 210, 01.05.2016

Öz

Bu çalışmada; Hindistan, Brezilya, Endonezya, Türkiye ve Güney Afrika’da tasarruf- yatırım açığı ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki, yeni nesil zaman serisi yöntemleriyle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; tasarruf-yatırım açığının, ülkelerin ekonomik büyümeleri negatif etkilediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Modellerin hata düzeltme mekanizmaları çalışmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Aghion, P. ve Howitt, P (1992) “A Model of Growth
  • Through Creative Destruction” Econometrica, 60(2): 351. Ahmed, S. ve Zlate, A. (2014) “Capital Flows to
  • Emerging Market Economies: A Brave New World?” Journal of International Money and Finance, 48, 221- Aizenman, J., Binici, M. ve Hutchison, M. M. (2014)
  • “The Transmission of Federal Reserve Tapering News to Emerging Financial Markets” National Bureau of Economic Research (No. w19980).
  • Bacha, E. L. (1990) “A Three-Gap Model of Foreign
  • Transfers and The GDP Growth Rate in Developing Countries” Journal of Development economics, 32(2): 296. Bai, J. ve Perron, P. (1998) “Estimating and Testing
  • Linear Models with Multiple Structural Changes” Econometrica, 66(1): 47-78. Banerjee, A., H. (1992) “Recursive and Sequential Tests of The Unit Root and Trend Break Hypotheses: Theory and International Evidence” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 10: 271–288. ve by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods” Econometrica, 37(3): 424–438.
  • Bernanke, B. S. (2005) “ The Global Saving Glut and the U.S. Current Account Deficit” Homer Jones Lecture, St.
  • Louis, Missouri, April 2005. http://www.federalreserve. gov/boarddocs/speeches/2005/20050414/default. htm
  • Buiter, W. H. (1981) “Time Preference and International
  • Lending and Borrowing in an Overlapping- Generations Model” Journal of Political Economy, 89: 797. Cass, D. (1965) “Optimum Growth in an Aggregative
  • Model of Capital Accumulation” The Review of economic studies: 233-240. CEBR (2014). World Economic League Table 2015
  • Highlights, December 26,2014. http://www.cebr. com/reports/world-economic-league-table-2015/.
  • Cheung, C., Furceri, D. ve Rusticelli, E. (2013) “Structural and Cyclical Factors Behind Current Account
  • Balances” Review of International Economics, 21(5): 944. Cullison, W. E. (1993) “Saving Measures as Economic
  • Growth Indicators” Contemporary Economic Policy, 11 (1): 1-8. Deaton, A. ve Paxson, C. (2000) “Growth and Saving among Individuals and Households”
  • Economics and Statistics, 82(2): 212-225. Review of De Gregorio, J. (1992) “Economic Growth in Latin
  • America” Journal of development economics, 39(1): 84. Eğilmez, M. (2013) “Kırılgan Beşli”, http://www. mahfiegilmez.com/2013/11/krlgan-besli.html (05.04.2015)
  • Feyrer, J. ve Shambaugh, J. (2012) “Global Savings and Global Investment: The Transmission of Identified
  • Fiscal Shocks” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, 4(2): 95-114. Gallagher, K. (2012) “The Myth of Financial
  • Protectionism: The New (and Old) Economics Of Capital Controls” Political Economy Research Institute Working Paper, 278. Gente, K., León-Ledesma, M. A. ve Nourry, C. (2014)
  • “External Constraints and Endogenous Growth: Why Didn’t Some Countries Benefit From Capital Flows?” Journal of International Money and Finance,10. Howitt, P. ve Aghion, P. (1998) “Capital Accumulation and Innovation as Complementary Factors in Long
  • Run Growth” Journal of Economic Growth, 3(2): 111- IMF (2012) “The Liberalization and Management of
  • Capital Flows: An Institutional View” November 2012.
  • İnsel, A. ve Sungur, N. (2003) “Sermaye Akımlarının
  • Temel Makroekonomik Göstergeler Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği1989-: III1999-: IV” Turkish
  • Economic Association, Discussion Paper, (No. 2003/8).
  • Jappelli, T. ve Pagano, M. (1994) “Saving, Growth, and Liquidity Constraints” The Quarterly Journal of Economics: 83-109.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2012) “Yüksek Büyümenin
  • Sürdürülebilirliği: Yurtiçi Tasarrufların Rolü Türkiye Ülke Ekonomik Raporu”, Dünya Bankası’nın aynı başlıklı raporundan çeviri, http:// siteresources.worldbank.org/turkeyinturkishextn/ R e s o u r c e s / 4 5 5 6 8 7 - 1 3 3 1 6 2 6 5 8 0 7 6 4 / c e m _ yurticitasarruflar_tammetin.pdf, (17.06.2015).
  • Kapetanios, G. (2005) “Unit‐Root Testing Against the Alternative Hypothesis of Up to M Structural
  • Breaks” Journal of Time Series Analysis, 26(1): 123-133. Kaya, V., Yılmaz, Ö. ve Talaş, E. (2009) “Yükselen
  • Piyasa Ekonomileri ve Türkiye,1990–2006:
  • Neredeyiz?Emerging Market Economies and Turkey, 2006: Where are we?” Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal
  • Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1): 315-342. Koopmans, T.C. (1965) “On the Concept of Optimal
  • Economic Growth” In The Econometric Approach to Development Planning, Amsterdam: North-Holland. Kynge, J. (2014) “EM’s “Fragile Five” Back Under
  • Pressure” Financial Times, 28 August,2014.http://www. ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7dc3688c-2ea6-11e4-bffa-00144 feabdc0.html#axzz3WnxP2ak3 (09.04.2015).
  • Landon, T. J. (2014) “Fragile Five is the Latest Club of Emerging Nations in Turmoil” New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/29/business/ international/fragile-five-is-the-latest-club-of- emerging-nations-in-turmoil (07.04.2015).
  • Lane, P.R. ve Pels, B. (2012) “Current Account Imblances in Europe” IIIS Discussion Paper No.397/April 2012
  • Lee, J. ve Strazicich, M.C. (2003) “Minimum Lagrange
  • Multiplier Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4): 1082
  • Looney, R. E. (1996) “National Savings İn Pakistan:
  • Causal Linkages with The Macroeconomy” Savings and Development,20: 461–475. Lumsdaine, R. L. and Papell, D. H. (1997). Multiple trend breaks and the unit root hypothesis. Review of
  • Economics and Statistics, 79(2), 212–217. Maki, D. (2012) “Tests for Cointegration Allowing for an Unknown Number Of Breaks” Economic Modelling, (5): 2011-2015.
  • Mercan, M. ve Göçer, İ. (2012) “Zamanlararası Dış
  • Denge Ve Optimizasyon Yaklaşımları Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Cari Açığın Sürdürülebilirliği” Akdeniz Universitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(24): 73-101. Mohan, R. (2008) “Growth Record of the Indian
  • Economy, 1950-2008: A Story Of Sustained Savings and Investment” Economic and Political Weekly: 61-71.
  • Morgan Stanley (2013) “FX Pulse Preparing for
  • Volatility” Global Outlook, 01.08.2013 http://www. morganstanleyfa.com/public/projectfiles/dce4d168- f9-4245-9605-e37e2caf114c.pdf (05.02.2015)
  • Ng, S. ve Perron, P.. (2001). Lag Length Selection and The Construction of Unit Root Tests With Good Size and Power. Econometrica, 69: 1519-1554.
  • Obstfeld, M. (1982a) “Transitory Terms of Trade Shocks and The Current Account: The Case of Constant Time
  • Preference” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series,(No: 834). Obstfeld, M. (1982b) “Aggregate Spending and the Terms of Trade: Is There a Laursen-Metzler Effect?”
  • Quarterly Journal of Economics 97: 251-270. Obstfeld, M. (2012) “Financial Flows, Financial Crises, and Global Imbalances” Journal of International
  • Money and Finance, 31(3): 469-480. OECD (2013) http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/
  • Brazil_2013_Overview_ENG.pdf
  • Örnek, İ. (2008) “Yabancı Sermaye Akımlarının Yurtiçi
  • Tasarruf ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği” Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi,63(02): 199- Öz, S. (2007) “Küresel Rekabette Yeni Bir Güç:
  • Hindistan” TUSİAD-Sabancı Üniversitesi Rekabet Forumu, Kasım,2007.
  • Prasad, E. S., Rajan, R. G. ve Subramanian, A. (2007) “Foreign Capital and Economic Growth”
  • National Bureau of Economic Research (No. w13619).
  • Perron, P. (1989) “The Great Crash, The Oil Price Shock, and The Unit Root Hypothesis” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society,57(6): 1361-1401
  • Perron, P. (1997) “Further Evidence on Breaking Trend
  • Functions in Macroeconomic Variables” Journal of Econometric, 80: 355-385. Romer, P. M. (1986) “Increasing Returns and Long-Run
  • Growth” The Journal of Political Economy,94(5): 1002
  • Romer, P.M. (1990) “Endogenous Technological
  • Change” Journal of Political Economy, 98(5): 71-102. Sachs, J. (1981) “The Current Account and Macroeconomic Adjustment in The 1970s” Brookings
  • Papers on Economic Activity, 1: 201-282. Saikonen, P. (1991) “Asymptotic Efficient Estimation of Cointegration Regressions” Economteric Theory, 7: 21.
  • Solow, R. (1956) “A Contribution to The Theory of
  • Economic Growth” Quarterly Journal of Economics, (1): 65-94. Stakénas, P. (2010) “Dynamic OLS Estimation of
  • Fractionally Cointegrated Regressions”, Amsterdam School of Economics, Discussion Paper, No: 11. Steiner, A. (2013) “The Accumulation of Foreign
  • Exchange by Central Banks: Fear of Capital Mobility?” Journal of Macroeconomics, 38: 409-427. Stock, J. H. ve Watson, M. W. (1993) “A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated
  • Systems” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 61(4): 783-820. Svensson, L. E. ve Razin, A. (1983) “The Terms of Trade and The Current Account: The Harberger-Laursen
  • Metzler Effect” The Journal of Political Economy, 91(1): 125. Tang, C.F. ve Chua, S.Y.(2012) “The savings-growth nexus for the Malaysian economy: a viewthrough rolling sub-samples” Applied Economics,44(32): 4173
  • Toda, H. Y. Ve Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical
  • Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes” Journal of Econometrics, 66(1): 250. Van, C. L., Nguyen, T. A. ve Tuan, T. D. (2014) “Saving
  • Rate, Total Factor Productivity and Growth Process for Developing Countries” Department of Research, (No. 424), Ipag Business School. Yeldan, E. (2009) “Kapitalizmin Yeniden Finansallaşması ve 2007/2008 Krizi: Türkiye Krizin Neresinde?” Çalışma ve Toplum, 1: 11-28.
  • Yılancı, V. ve Özcan, B. (2010) “Yapısal Kırılmalar
  • Altında Türkiye için Savunma Harcamaları ile GSMH Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi” C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1): 21-33. Zivot, A. ve Andrews, D.W.K. (1992) “Further Evidence on The Great Crash The Oil Price Shock and The Unit
  • Root Hypothesis” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 10(3): 270–251.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA77JP97TU
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İsmet Göçer Bu kişi benim

Tuğba Akın Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Göçer, İ., & Akın, T. (2016). The Effects of Saving-Investment Gap on Economic Growth in the Fragile Five: A New Generation Econometric Analysis. Ege Academic Review, 16(2), 197-210.
AMA Göçer İ, Akın T. The Effects of Saving-Investment Gap on Economic Growth in the Fragile Five: A New Generation Econometric Analysis. eab. Mayıs 2016;16(2):197-210.
Chicago Göçer, İsmet, ve Tuğba Akın. “The Effects of Saving-Investment Gap on Economic Growth in the Fragile Five: A New Generation Econometric Analysis”. Ege Academic Review 16, sy. 2 (Mayıs 2016): 197-210.
EndNote Göçer İ, Akın T (01 Mayıs 2016) The Effects of Saving-Investment Gap on Economic Growth in the Fragile Five: A New Generation Econometric Analysis. Ege Academic Review 16 2 197–210.
IEEE İ. Göçer ve T. Akın, “The Effects of Saving-Investment Gap on Economic Growth in the Fragile Five: A New Generation Econometric Analysis”, eab, c. 16, sy. 2, ss. 197–210, 2016.
ISNAD Göçer, İsmet - Akın, Tuğba. “The Effects of Saving-Investment Gap on Economic Growth in the Fragile Five: A New Generation Econometric Analysis”. Ege Academic Review 16/2 (Mayıs 2016), 197-210.
JAMA Göçer İ, Akın T. The Effects of Saving-Investment Gap on Economic Growth in the Fragile Five: A New Generation Econometric Analysis. eab. 2016;16:197–210.
MLA Göçer, İsmet ve Tuğba Akın. “The Effects of Saving-Investment Gap on Economic Growth in the Fragile Five: A New Generation Econometric Analysis”. Ege Academic Review, c. 16, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 197-10.
Vancouver Göçer İ, Akın T. The Effects of Saving-Investment Gap on Economic Growth in the Fragile Five: A New Generation Econometric Analysis. eab. 2016;16(2):197-210.