THE ETHICAL ASSESSMENTS OF PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING PRACTITIONERS TO EARNINGS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN TURKEY

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 4, 687 - 707, 01.09.2016

Bilal Solak Sedat Erdoğan Seçkin Gönen

Öz

This study investigates independent professional accounting practitioners’ ethical assessment of earnings management practices in Turkey. A survey application was administered to practitioners in Aydin, İzmir, and Malatya to reveal their ethical evaluation in terms of operational and accounting manipulation. The results reveal very important contributions to literature. First of all, earnings management practices are evaluated as unethically by practitioners. Secondly, practitioners believe that accounting manipulations are ethically less acceptable than operational manipulations. Thirdly, earnings management applications which aim to reduce earnings are ethically less acceptable than earnings management applications which aim to increase earnings. Moreover, experienced practitioners evaluate earnings management practices ethically less acceptable, and education has no effect on practitioners’ ethical evaluations. Last but not least, practitioners who believe SMEs don’t apply earnings management practices in Turkey, evaluate earnings management practices less acceptable than practitioners who believe SMEs apply earnings management practices in Turkey

Anahtar Kelimeler

Earnings Management, Ethics, Operational Manipulations, Accounting Manipulations

MUHASEBE MESLEK MENSUPLARININ TÜRKIYE’DEKİ KAZANÇ YÖNETİM UYGULAMALARINA YÖNELİK ETİK DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de muhasebe mesleğini bağımsız bir şekilde yürüten meslek mensuplarının kazanç yönetim uygulamalarına ilişkin etik değerlendirmelerini incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, Aydın, İzmir ve Malatya illerinde anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel bulguları değerlendirildiğinde üç temel sonuç göze çarpmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi, meslek mensuplarının kazanç yönetim uygulamalarını etik bulmadığı yönündedir. İkinci olarak, uygulamacılar muhasebe manipülasyonlarını faaliyet manipülasyonlarına göre etik olarak daha az kabul edilebilir görmektedir. Üçüncü olarak, karları artırıcı kazanç yönetim uygulamalarına kıyasla karları azaltıcı kazanç yönetim uygulamalarının etik olarak daha az kabul edilebilir görüldüğü anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca, deneyimli uygulamacıların kazanç yönetim uygulamalarını etik olarak daha az kabul edilebilir gördüğü ortaya çıkmış ve uygulamacıların etik değerlendirmeleri üzerinde eğitim düzeylerinin ciddi bir etkisi tespit edilememiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kazanç Yönetimi, Etik, Faaliyet Manipülasyonları, Muhasebe Manipülasyonları

Kaynakça

• Ahadiat, N. and Hefzi, H., (2012), An Investigation of
• Earnings Management Practices: Examining Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 3(14). 245-251. Alpar, R., (2003), Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli
• İstatistiksel Yöntemlere Giriş I, 2. Baskı, Nobel Yayınevi, Ankara Atik, A. and İsmail, H, T., (2011), Ethical Perceptions on Earnings Manipulation in Turkey: An Exploration of Differences in Preparers and Users Perspectives,
• Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2(3), 186 Badertscher, B., Phillips, J. Pincus M., and Rega, S. O., (2006), Do Firms Manage Earnings Downward in a
• Book-Tax Conforming Manner?, http://www.worldlii. org/int/journals/lsn/abstracts/921422.html.
• Bergstresser, D. and Thomas P. (2006), CEO Incentives and Earnings Management, Journal of Financial Economics, 80(3), 511-529.
• Bruns, J., W. and Merchant, A. K., (1990), The Dangerous
• Morality of Managing Earnings. Management Accounting. 72(2), 22-25. Cheng, Q., and Warfield, D. T., (2005), Equity Incentives and Earnings Management, The Accounting Review, (2), 441-476.
• Copeland, M. R., (1968), Income Smoothing. Journal of Accounting Research. 6, 101-116.
• DeAngelo, H, DeAngelo, L, and Skinner, J. D. (1994),
• Accounting Choice in Troubled Companies. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 17, 113-143. Dechow, M. P. and Skinner, J. D. (2000), Earnings
• Management: Reconciling the Views of Accounting Academics, Practitioners, and Regulators, Accounting Horizons, 14(2), 235-250
• Dechow, M. P. and Skinner, J. D. (2000), Earnings
• Management: Reconciling the Views of Accounting Academics, Practitioners, and Regulators, Accounting Horizons, 14(2), 235-250
• DeFond, L. M. and Jiambalvo, J., (1994), Debt Covenant
• Violation and Manipulation of Accruals. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 17(1-2), 145-176. Dye, A. R. (1988), Earnings Management in an
• Overlapping Generations Model. Journal of Accounting Research. 26(2), 195-235. Elias, Z. R. (2002), Determinants of Earnings
• Management Ethics Among Accountants. Journal of Business Ethics. 40, 33-45. Elias, Z. R. (2002), Determinants of Earnings
• Management Ethics Among Accountants, Journal of Business Ethics, 40(1), 33-45. Fischer, M. and Rosenzweig, K. (1995), Attitudes of
• Students and Accounting Practitioners Concerning the Ethical Acceptability of Earnings Management, Journal of Business Ethics, 14, 433-444. Fudenberg, D., and Tirole, J., (1995), A Theory of Income and Dividend Smoothing Based on Incumbency
• Rents. Journal of Political Economy. 103(1), 75-93. Fudenberg, D, and Tirole, J., (1995), A Theory of Income and Dividend Smoothing Based on Incumbency
• Rents. Journal of Political Economy. 103(1), 75-93. Grasso, P. L, Tilley, A. P., and White, A. R. (2009), The Ethics of Earnings Management: Perceptions After
• Sarbanes-Oxley, Management Accounting Quarterly, (1), 45-69. Healy, M. P, and Wahlen, M. J., (1999), A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and its Implications for Standard Setting, Accounting Horizons, 13(4), 383.
• Jaggi, B. and Lee, P, (2002), Earnings Management
• Response to Debt Covenant Violations and Debt Restructuring, Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 17(4), 295-324. Jann, B. (2008), Multinomial Goodness-of-fit: Large
• Sample Tests With Survey Design Correction and Exact Tests For Small Samples. The Stata Journal, 8(2), 169. Kaplan, E. S. (2001), Further Evidence on the Ethics of Managing Earnings: An Examination of the Ethically Related Judgments of Shareholders and Non-Shareholders. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 20, 27-44.
• Kruskal, H. W. and Wallis W. A. (1952); “Use of Ranks in One-CriterionVariance Analysis,” Journal of theAmerican Statistical Association”, Cilt 47, Sayı 260, pp. 583-621.
• Merchant, A. K. and Rockness, J. (1994), The Ethics of Managing Earnings: An Empirical Investigation.
• Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 13(1), 79-94. Merchant, A. K. (1989), Rewarding Results: Motivating
• Profit Center Managers. Harvard Business School Press. Moreira, A.C. J, and Pope, F. P, (2007), Earnings
• Management to Avoid Losses: A Cost Of Bebt Explanation, DP 2007-04, Research Center on
• Industrial, Labour and Managerial Economics, 1-45. Mulford, W. C, and Comisken, E. E., (2002), The Financial
• Numbers Game: Detecting Creative Accounting Practices, John Wiley&Sons, Inc. New York. Özdamar, K., (2002), Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel
• Veri Analizi–I, SPSS-MINITAB, 4. Baskı, Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir. Phillips, J., Pincus, M., and Rego S. O., (2003), Earnings
• Management: New Evidence Based on Deferred Tax Expense, The Accounting Review, 78(2), 491-521. Roychowdhury, S., (2006), Earnings Management
• Through Real Activities Manipulation. Journal of Accounting and Economics, (42), 335-370. Rumsey, D. (2007); Intermediate Statistics for Dummies,
• John Wileyand Sons, USA. Schipper, K. (1989),Commentary on Earnings
• Management. Accounting Horizons, 3, 91-102. Smith, L. M. (2003), A Fresh Look at Accounting
• Ethics (or Dr. Smith Goes to Washington). Accounting Horizons. 17(1), 47-49. Sweeney, A. P., (1994), Debt-covenant Violations and Managers Accounting Responses, Journal of
• Accounting and Economics, 17, 281-308. Wang, S, and Chen, S, (2012), The Motivation for
• Tax Avoidance in Earnings Management, 2012
• International Conference on Engineering and Business Management, 447-450. Watts, L. R. and Zimmerman, L. J., (1978), Towards a