Environmental Concerns, International Trade and Locational Preferences

Öz

Increased global environmental problems caused to questioning the relationship between environment and liberalization of international trade which raised some concerns about how diversity of environmental policies in developed and developing countries may influence the trade patterns and industrial locations. This situation makes an impression that dirty industries are heading towards the countries with weaker environmental policy. Direction of polluting industries to developing countries won’t make global environmental problems any better, as put forward by the so called “pollution haven hypothesis”. In this study, we aim to evaluate the debate over environmental issues, locational differentiation of polluting industries and free trade, which started in 1970’s and continues intensifying since 1990’s

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Environmental Problems, İnternational Trade, Pollution Haven Effect

Çevre Sorunları, Uluslararası Ticaret ve Kuruluş Yeri Tercihleri

Öz

Küresel ölçekte çevre sorunlarının mahiyeti, uluslararası ticaretin serbestleşmesi ile çevre sorunları arasındaki ilişkinin sorgulanır hale gelmesine yol açmıştır. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasındaki çevre politikaları farklılığının, ticaret yönü ve endüstrilerin kuruluş yerine olası etkileri, akademik tartışmalara da konu olmuştur. Endişeler, kirli endüstrilerin, sıkı çevre politikası uygulayan gelişmiş ekonomilerden, daha zayıf çevre politikası uygulayan ülkelere yöneldiği izleniminden kaynaklanmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kirlilik yoğun üretimde uzmanlaşmasına neden olacak bu süreç, çevre sorunlarının küresel ölçekte azaltılamaması hatta artması ile sonuçlanabilecektir. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların, çevre politikalarına bağlı olarak kuruluş yeri seçimini belirleyeceği iddiası, kirlilik sığınağı hipotezi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 1970’lerde başlayıp 1990’lardan itibaren artarak süren serbest ticaret, çevre sorunları ve kuruluş yeri seçimi tartışmalarını değerlendirmektedir. GOÜ’lerin, kirli endüstrilerin merkezi haline gelerek ihracat yoluyla GÜ’ler ve dünyanın ihtiyaçlarını sağlaması, maliyet açısından cazip görünse de, küresel yaşam kalitesi açısından trajik sonuçlar doğurabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevre Sorunları, Uluslararası Ticaret, Kirlilik Sığınağı Etkisi

Kaynakça

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