The Effect of Social Assistance Expenditures on Income Distribution in OECD: A Panel Data Analysis

Öz

Inequality of income distribution is one of the issue which is most discussed and struggled for its solution throughout the history of economics. Since the 1990s, inequality of income distribution has increased in most of the OECD (The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries as in the whole world. Social assistance expenditures are one of the most important means of directly regulating inequality of income distribution. This study investigated the effect of social assistance expenditures on income distribution for 21 OECD countries including Turkey, by analyzing Panel Data. According to the findings obtained, social assistance expenditures affect income distribution positively. Inequality of income distribution decreases when the social assistance expenditures increase. It has been proved that social assistance expenditures were more effective than education expenditures in regulating income distribution. It is also understood that unemployment and population growth affected the inequality of income distribution negatively. Besides, there is a negative relationship

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Income Distribution, Social Assistance, Social Expenditure

OECD Ülkelerinde Sosyal Yardım Harcamalarının Gelir Dağılımına Etkisi: Panel Veri Analizi

Öz

İktisat tarihi boyunca gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği, en çok tartışılan ve çözümü adına en çok mücadele edilen konulardan biridir. 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği tüm dünyada olduğu gibi OECD (Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü) ülkelerinin birçoğunda artmıştır. Sosyal yardım harcamaları, gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğini doğrudan düzenleyen en önemli araçlardan birisidir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin de yer aldığı 21 OECD ülkesi için 2004-2011 döneminde sosyal yardım harcamalarının gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkisi Panel Veri Analiziyle araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sosyal yardım harcamaları gelir dağılımını olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Sosyal yardım harcamaları arttığında gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği azalmaktadır. Gelir dağılımının düzenlenmesinde sosyal yardım harcamalarının eğitim harcamalarından daha etkili olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. Ayrıca, işsizlik ve nüfus artışının gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğini olumsuz yönde etkilediği anlaşılmıştır. Dışa açıklık, eğitim harcamaları, yaşlı nüfus ve eğitime katılım ile gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği arasında ise negatif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gelir Dağılımı, Sosyal Yardım, Sosyal Harcamalar

Kaynakça

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