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Short Term Determinants of Minimum Wage in Turkey: Causality Analysis

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 429 - 445, 01.09.2017

Zeynep Burcu Bulut-çevik , Songül Solmaz Macit

Öz

There is a vast literature about minimum wage since minimum wage can affect the whole economy not only socially but also politically. This study performs a short-term Engle-Granger causality analysis for minimum wage for Turkey over the period1988-2016. According to Engle-Granger causality test results, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, trade volume and unemployment ratio are effective in determining the minimum wage. The highlighting result is that changes in the minimum wage do not influence the aggregate demand. So, there is no significant change in price level. This shows how the workers struggle to earn a living with minimum wage and force to borrow. In addition, changes in the minimum wage also affect the competition power of Turkey internationally by observing the effects in trade volume. Other debatable topic in the literature is the relation between labor market and the minimum wage. Our Engle-Granger test results indicate that there is a two-way causality between unemployment rate and minimum wage. In other words, the changes in minimum wage significantly affect unemployment rate and vice versa

Anahtar Kelimeler

Minimum Wage EngleGrangerCausality Analysis Turkey

Kaynakça

  • AbowdJ. M.,Kramarz, F., Lemieux, T. ve Margolis, D. N. (2000), “YouthEmploymentandJoblessness in Advanced Countries”, Minimum Wages and Youth Employment in France and the United States, Editors: Blanchflower D.G. ve Freeman R.B, University of Chicago Press. p. 427-472
  • Addison, J. T.,Blackburn, M. L., ve Cotti, C. D. (2009),“Do Minimum Wages Raise Employment? Evidence From The US Retail-Trade Sector”, Labour Economics, 16(4), p. 397-408.
  • Addison, J. T.,Blackburn, M. L., ve Cotti, C. D. (2012),“TheEffect of Minimum Wages on Labour Market Outcomes: CountyLevel Estimates from the Restaurant and Bar Sector”,British Journal of Industrial Relations,50(3), p.412-435.
  • Addison, J. T.,Blackburn, M. L., ve Cotti, C. D. (2015), ”On The Robustness of Minimum Wage Effects: Geographically-DisparateTrends and Job Growth Equations”,IZA Journal Of Labor Economics,4(1), p.24.
  • Akgeyik, T., (2007), “Asgari Ücrette Esnek Modelleme: Bölgesel Asgari Ücret Yaklaşımı”, İstanbul Ticaret Odası, 2007-46
  • Akgül, O., (2016),“Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Mahzurlu Alanları ve Öneriler”,Emek ve Toplum Dergisi. 5(12), s. 96-127
  • Akın, F. (2017),“Asgari Ücretteki Artışın Ekonomik Etkileri”,Şeker- İş İş ve Hayat Dergisi.4, s.139-154
  • Allegretto, S. A.,Dube, A., ve Reich, M. (2011), “Do Minimum Wages Really Reduce Teen Employment? Accounting for Heterogeneity and Selectivity in State Panel Data”, Industria lRelations:A Journal Of Economy And Society,50(2), p. 205-240.
  • Baker, M. Benjamin, D.,ve Stanger, S. (1999),“The Highs and Lows of The Minimum Wage Effect: A Time-Series Cross-Section Study Of The Canadian Law”, Journal Of Labor Economics,17(2), p.318-350.
  • Bauer, T. K.,Kluve, J., Schaffner, S., ve Schmidt, C. M. (2009),“Fiscal Effects of Minimum Wages: An Analysis for Germany”, German Economic Review, 10(2), p.224-242.
  • Bazen, S. (2007), “Do Minimum Wages Have a Negative Impact on Employment in the United States?”, Économie Publique/Public Economics, (17).
  • Bazen, S.veMarimoutou, V. (1997), “Looking for a Needle in a Haystack? A Re-examination of the Time Series Relationship”,Oxford Bulletin Of Economics and Statistics, 64, p.699- 725
  • Bazen, S.ve Martin, J. P. (1991), “The Impact of The Minimum Wage On Earnings and Employment in France”, OECD Economic Studies, 16, p.199-221.
  • Bell, L. A. (1997), “The Impact of Minimum Wagesin Mexico and Colombia”,Journal of Labor Economics,15(S3), p.102-135.
  • Benhayoun, G. (1994), “The Impact of Minimum Wages On Youth Employment in France Revisited: A Note On The Robustness of The Relationship”,International Journal of Manpower, 15(2/3), 82-85.
  • Brennan, J.ve Stanford, J. (2014), “Dispelling Minimum Wage Mythology: The Minimum Wage and The Impact on Jobsin Canada, 1983-2012”, Canadian Centre For Policy Alternatives= Centre Canadien De Politiques Alternatives.
  • Broecke, S.,Forti, A.ve Vandeweyer, M. (2015),“The Effects of Minimum Wageson Employment in Emerging Economies: A Literature Review”, National Minimum Wage Research Initiative (Johannesburg, School Of Economic and Business Sciences at The University Of Witwatersrand).
  • Burkhauser, R. V.,Couch, K. A. ve Glenn, A. J. (1995), “Public Policies For The Working Poor: The Earned Income Tax Credit Versus Minimum Wage Legislation”,Institute For Researchon Poverty, University of Wisconsin
  • Card, D.ve Krueger, A. B. (1994),“Minimum Wages And Employment: A Case Study of The fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania”,American Economic Review,84, p.772-793.
  • Card, D. ve Krueger, A. (1995),Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Card, D.,ve Krueger, A. B. (2000),“Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study Of The Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Reply”, The American Economic Review, 90(5), p.1397-1420.
  • Couch, K. A.ve Wittenburg, D. C. (2001),“The Response of Hours of Work to Increases in The Minimum Wage”,Southern Economic Journal, p.171-177.
  • Currie, J.ve Fallick, B. C. (1996),“The Minimum Wage and The Employment of Youth: Evidence from the NLSY”,The Journal of Human Resources,31(2), p.404.
  • Chapple, S. (1997),“Do Minimum Wages Have an Adverse Impact on Employment? Evidence from New Zealand”,Labour Market Bulletin,2, p.25-50.
  • Çiçek, S. (2013),“Asgari ve Ortalama Ücret Üzerindeki Kamusal Yüklerin İncelenmesi: Türkiye ve Bazı Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri” Hak İş Uluslararası Emek Ve Toplum Dergisi, 2(3).
  • Dağlıoğlu, S. ve Bakır, M. A. (2015), “Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkisinin Sektörel Panel Regresyon Modelleri İle İncelenmesi” Sosyal Güvence Dergisi, No: 8, ss.35-68
  • Dolado, J. J.,Felgueroso, F.ve Jimeno, J. F. (2000),“TheRole of The Minimum Wage in TheWelfareState: An Appraisal”, IZA DiscussionPapers No:152.
  • Deere, D., Murphy, K. M.ve Welch, F. (1995), “EmploymentandThe 1990-1991 Minimum- WageHike”,TheAmericanEconomicReview,85(2), p.232-237.
  • Dickens, R.,Machin, S.ve Manning, A. (1999),“TheEffects of Minimum Wages on Employment: TheoryandEvidenceFromBritain”,Journal of LaborEconomics,17(1), p.1-22.
  • Dube, A.,Lester, T. W.ve Reich, M. (2010),“Minimum WageEffectsAcrossStateBorders: Estimates Using ContiguousCounties”TheReviewof EconomicsandStatistics,92(4), p.945-964.
  • Eriş, M. (1969),“Asgari Ücretler ve Türkiye’deki Durum”, Şeker-İş Yayınları, No. 5
  • Esen, A. (1999),“Türkiye’de Asgari Ücret Uygulaması”,Amme İdaresi Dergisi,32(1), s. 63- 83.
  • Eser, B. Y.ve Terzi, H. (2008),“Türkiye’de Asgari Ücret: Sorunlar Öneriler”,Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1).
  • Gittings, R. K.veSchmutte, I. M. (2016),“Getting Handcuffson An Octopus: Minimum Wages, Employment, and Turn Over”,IIRReview,69(5), p.1133-1170.
  • Gosling, A. (1996),“Minimum Wages: Possible Effects on The Distribution of Income”,FiscalStudies,17(4), p.31-48.
  • Gökçekus, O.ve Tower, E. (2003),“An Efficiency Enhancing Minimum Wage”, The Journal ofPolicy Reform,6(4), p.247-259.
  • Granger, C. W. (1969),“Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross- Spectral Methods”, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, p.424-438.
  • Güven, A.,Mollavelioglu, S.ve Dalgıç, B. Ç. (2011),“Asgari Ücret İstihdamı Arttırır Mı? 1969- 2008 Türkiye Örnegi”, METU Studies in Development, 38(2), s.147-166.
  • Herr, H.,Kazandziska, M.ve Mahnkopf-Praprotnik, S. (2009), “The Theoretical Debate About Minimum Wages”, Global Labour University Working Paper, No: 6
  • İnaltong, C. (2012),“Vergi Yükü: Türkiye Ve OECD Ülkeleri Karşılaştırması” Ankara: Vergi Dünyası Dergisi, 369.
  • Jimeno, J. F.,Felgueroso, F., ve Dolado, J. J. (2000), “The Role of the Minimum Wage in the Welfare State: An Appraisal”,IZA Discussion Paper Series No:152
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Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Kısa Dönem Belirleyicileri: Nedensellik Analizi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 429 - 445, 01.09.2017

Zeynep Burcu Bulut-çevik , Songül Solmaz Macit

Öz

Asgari ücrette yapılan değişikliklerin hem ekonomik hem sosyal hem de politik etkileri olması sebebiyle literatürde asgari ücretin ekonomiye etkileri üzerine çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmamızda 1988 ile 2016 yılları arasında Türkiye’de asgari ücretin kısa dönem nedensellik analizi yapılmıştır. Engle-Granger nedensellik analiz sonuçları Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYH), enflasyon, ticaret hacmi ve işsizlik oranı, asgari ücretin belirlenmesinde etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Dikkat çeken sonuç ise asgari ücretteki değişikliklerin talep artışına neden olmadığı, o yüzden enflasyonda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişikliğe neden olmadığıdır. Ancakasgari ücretteki değişiklikler Türkiye’nin uluslararası rekabet gücünü etkilemektedir. Çalışmamızın sonuçları ayrıca asgari ücret ile işsizlik oranı arasında iki yönlü ilişki olduğuna ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle, asgari ücretteki değişiklikler işsizlik oranını etkilerken; işsizlik oranındaki değişiklikler de asgari ücretin belirlenmesinde etkili olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asgari Ücret Engle-Granger Nedensellik Analizi Türkiye

Kaynakça

  • AbowdJ. M.,Kramarz, F., Lemieux, T. ve Margolis, D. N. (2000), “YouthEmploymentandJoblessness in Advanced Countries”, Minimum Wages and Youth Employment in France and the United States, Editors: Blanchflower D.G. ve Freeman R.B, University of Chicago Press. p. 427-472
  • Addison, J. T.,Blackburn, M. L., ve Cotti, C. D. (2009),“Do Minimum Wages Raise Employment? Evidence From The US Retail-Trade Sector”, Labour Economics, 16(4), p. 397-408.
  • Addison, J. T.,Blackburn, M. L., ve Cotti, C. D. (2012),“TheEffect of Minimum Wages on Labour Market Outcomes: CountyLevel Estimates from the Restaurant and Bar Sector”,British Journal of Industrial Relations,50(3), p.412-435.
  • Addison, J. T.,Blackburn, M. L., ve Cotti, C. D. (2015), ”On The Robustness of Minimum Wage Effects: Geographically-DisparateTrends and Job Growth Equations”,IZA Journal Of Labor Economics,4(1), p.24.
  • Akgeyik, T., (2007), “Asgari Ücrette Esnek Modelleme: Bölgesel Asgari Ücret Yaklaşımı”, İstanbul Ticaret Odası, 2007-46
  • Akgül, O., (2016),“Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Mahzurlu Alanları ve Öneriler”,Emek ve Toplum Dergisi. 5(12), s. 96-127
  • Akın, F. (2017),“Asgari Ücretteki Artışın Ekonomik Etkileri”,Şeker- İş İş ve Hayat Dergisi.4, s.139-154
  • Allegretto, S. A.,Dube, A., ve Reich, M. (2011), “Do Minimum Wages Really Reduce Teen Employment? Accounting for Heterogeneity and Selectivity in State Panel Data”, Industria lRelations:A Journal Of Economy And Society,50(2), p. 205-240.
  • Baker, M. Benjamin, D.,ve Stanger, S. (1999),“The Highs and Lows of The Minimum Wage Effect: A Time-Series Cross-Section Study Of The Canadian Law”, Journal Of Labor Economics,17(2), p.318-350.
  • Bauer, T. K.,Kluve, J., Schaffner, S., ve Schmidt, C. M. (2009),“Fiscal Effects of Minimum Wages: An Analysis for Germany”, German Economic Review, 10(2), p.224-242.
  • Bazen, S. (2007), “Do Minimum Wages Have a Negative Impact on Employment in the United States?”, Économie Publique/Public Economics, (17).
  • Bazen, S.veMarimoutou, V. (1997), “Looking for a Needle in a Haystack? A Re-examination of the Time Series Relationship”,Oxford Bulletin Of Economics and Statistics, 64, p.699- 725
  • Bazen, S.ve Martin, J. P. (1991), “The Impact of The Minimum Wage On Earnings and Employment in France”, OECD Economic Studies, 16, p.199-221.
  • Bell, L. A. (1997), “The Impact of Minimum Wagesin Mexico and Colombia”,Journal of Labor Economics,15(S3), p.102-135.
  • Benhayoun, G. (1994), “The Impact of Minimum Wages On Youth Employment in France Revisited: A Note On The Robustness of The Relationship”,International Journal of Manpower, 15(2/3), 82-85.
  • Brennan, J.ve Stanford, J. (2014), “Dispelling Minimum Wage Mythology: The Minimum Wage and The Impact on Jobsin Canada, 1983-2012”, Canadian Centre For Policy Alternatives= Centre Canadien De Politiques Alternatives.
  • Broecke, S.,Forti, A.ve Vandeweyer, M. (2015),“The Effects of Minimum Wageson Employment in Emerging Economies: A Literature Review”, National Minimum Wage Research Initiative (Johannesburg, School Of Economic and Business Sciences at The University Of Witwatersrand).
  • Burkhauser, R. V.,Couch, K. A. ve Glenn, A. J. (1995), “Public Policies For The Working Poor: The Earned Income Tax Credit Versus Minimum Wage Legislation”,Institute For Researchon Poverty, University of Wisconsin
  • Card, D.ve Krueger, A. B. (1994),“Minimum Wages And Employment: A Case Study of The fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania”,American Economic Review,84, p.772-793.
  • Card, D. ve Krueger, A. (1995),Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Card, D.,ve Krueger, A. B. (2000),“Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study Of The Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Reply”, The American Economic Review, 90(5), p.1397-1420.
  • Couch, K. A.ve Wittenburg, D. C. (2001),“The Response of Hours of Work to Increases in The Minimum Wage”,Southern Economic Journal, p.171-177.
  • Currie, J.ve Fallick, B. C. (1996),“The Minimum Wage and The Employment of Youth: Evidence from the NLSY”,The Journal of Human Resources,31(2), p.404.
  • Chapple, S. (1997),“Do Minimum Wages Have an Adverse Impact on Employment? Evidence from New Zealand”,Labour Market Bulletin,2, p.25-50.
  • Çiçek, S. (2013),“Asgari ve Ortalama Ücret Üzerindeki Kamusal Yüklerin İncelenmesi: Türkiye ve Bazı Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri” Hak İş Uluslararası Emek Ve Toplum Dergisi, 2(3).
  • Dağlıoğlu, S. ve Bakır, M. A. (2015), “Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkisinin Sektörel Panel Regresyon Modelleri İle İncelenmesi” Sosyal Güvence Dergisi, No: 8, ss.35-68
  • Dolado, J. J.,Felgueroso, F.ve Jimeno, J. F. (2000),“TheRole of The Minimum Wage in TheWelfareState: An Appraisal”, IZA DiscussionPapers No:152.
  • Deere, D., Murphy, K. M.ve Welch, F. (1995), “EmploymentandThe 1990-1991 Minimum- WageHike”,TheAmericanEconomicReview,85(2), p.232-237.
  • Dickens, R.,Machin, S.ve Manning, A. (1999),“TheEffects of Minimum Wages on Employment: TheoryandEvidenceFromBritain”,Journal of LaborEconomics,17(1), p.1-22.
  • Dube, A.,Lester, T. W.ve Reich, M. (2010),“Minimum WageEffectsAcrossStateBorders: Estimates Using ContiguousCounties”TheReviewof EconomicsandStatistics,92(4), p.945-964.
  • Eriş, M. (1969),“Asgari Ücretler ve Türkiye’deki Durum”, Şeker-İş Yayınları, No. 5
  • Esen, A. (1999),“Türkiye’de Asgari Ücret Uygulaması”,Amme İdaresi Dergisi,32(1), s. 63- 83.
  • Eser, B. Y.ve Terzi, H. (2008),“Türkiye’de Asgari Ücret: Sorunlar Öneriler”,Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1).
  • Gittings, R. K.veSchmutte, I. M. (2016),“Getting Handcuffson An Octopus: Minimum Wages, Employment, and Turn Over”,IIRReview,69(5), p.1133-1170.
  • Gosling, A. (1996),“Minimum Wages: Possible Effects on The Distribution of Income”,FiscalStudies,17(4), p.31-48.
  • Gökçekus, O.ve Tower, E. (2003),“An Efficiency Enhancing Minimum Wage”, The Journal ofPolicy Reform,6(4), p.247-259.
  • Granger, C. W. (1969),“Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross- Spectral Methods”, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, p.424-438.
  • Güven, A.,Mollavelioglu, S.ve Dalgıç, B. Ç. (2011),“Asgari Ücret İstihdamı Arttırır Mı? 1969- 2008 Türkiye Örnegi”, METU Studies in Development, 38(2), s.147-166.
  • Herr, H.,Kazandziska, M.ve Mahnkopf-Praprotnik, S. (2009), “The Theoretical Debate About Minimum Wages”, Global Labour University Working Paper, No: 6
  • İnaltong, C. (2012),“Vergi Yükü: Türkiye Ve OECD Ülkeleri Karşılaştırması” Ankara: Vergi Dünyası Dergisi, 369.
  • Jimeno, J. F.,Felgueroso, F., ve Dolado, J. J. (2000), “The Role of the Minimum Wage in the Welfare State: An Appraisal”,IZA Discussion Paper Series No:152
  • Johansen, S. (1988),“Statistical Analysis Of Cointegration Vectors”,Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,12(2-3), p.231-254.
  • Johansen, S.ve Juselius, K. (1990),“Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration with Applications to the Demand for Money”,Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), p.169-210.
  • Karaçor, Z., Özmen, İ. ve Yorgancılar, F.N., (2013), “Causal Relationship Between Unemployment, Inflation and the Minimum Wage: Case of Turkey (1987-2010)”, The 2nd Multidisciplinary Academic Conference in Prague 2013, 06-07 December 2013, ISBN 978-80-905442-2-2, Article no: MAC201312014
  • Kargi, B. (2013). Ücret Yapışkanlığı Hipotezi’nin Test Edilmesi: Türkiye’de Asgari Ücret Ve Büyüme Üzerine Zaman Serileri Analizi (2005-2012). Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi,37,183-210
  • Kim, T.ve Taylor, L. J. (1995),“The Employment Effect in Retail Trade of California's1988 Minimum Wage Increase”,Journal of Business &Economic Statistics,13(2), p.175- 182.
  • Klau, F.ve Mittelstadt, A. (1986),“Labour Market Flexibility”,OECD Economic Studies,6(745), p. 87-126.
  • Korkmaz, A. (2001),“Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Mali Yönü”, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 2(1), s.275-285
  • Korkmaz, A. (2003),Çağdaş Gelişmeler Açısından Asgari Ücret: Genel Olarak Dünyada ve Türkiye’de, Kamu-İş Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Korkmaz, A. (2004),“Bir Sosyal Politika Aracı Olarak Türkiye’de Asgari Ücret: 1951-2003”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), s.53-69
  • Korkmaz, A.ve Avsallı, B. (2012),“Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Hukuksal Yönü”,Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi,4(2), s.151-162.
  • Korkmaz, A.ve Avsallı, H. (2012),“Çalışma Hayatında Yeni Bir Dönem: 6331 Sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Yasası”,SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,26, s.153- 167.
  • Korkmaz, A.ve Çoban, O. (2006),“Emek Piyasasında Asgari Ücret, İşsizlik ve Enflasyon Arasındaki İlişkilerin Ekonometrik Bir Analizi: Türkiye Örneği (1969-2006)”, Maliye Dergisi,151(2), s.16-22
  • König, M.ve Möller, J. (2009),“Impacts of Minimum Wages: A Micro Data Analysis for the German Construction Sector”, International Journal of Manpower, 30(7), p.716-741.
  • Kuddo, A.,Robalino, D.ve Weber, M. (2015),“Balancing Regulations to Promote Jobs: From Employment Contracts to Unemployment Benefits”,World Bank Group, Project Number:101596.
  • Kutal, M. (1968). Teorik Esasları ve Tatbikatı Bakımından Asgari Ücret, İstanbul.
  • Lang, K.ve Kahn, S. (1998),“The Effect of Minimum-Wage Laws on The Distribution of Employment: Theory and Evidence”,Journal of Public Economics,69(1), p. 67-82.
  • Lee, D.ve Saez, E. (2012),“Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets”,Journal of Public Economics,96(9), p. 739-749.
  • Machin, S.ve Manning, A. (1994),“The Effects of Minimum Wageson Wage Dispersion and Employment: Evidence From The UK Wages Councils”, ILR Review, 47(2), p.319- 329.
  • Makal, A. (1997),Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda Çalışma İlişkileri:1850-1920, İmge Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Maloney, T. (1995),“Does The Adult Minimum Wage Affect Employment and Unemployment in New Zealand?”,New Zealand Economic Papers,29(1), p.1-19.
  • Meer, J. ve West, J. (2013), “Effects of The Minimum Wage on Employment Dynamics”, NBER Working Paper No. 19262.
  • Metin, B. (2012),“Yoksullukla Mücadelede Asgari Gelir Güvencesi: Türkiye’de Sosyal Yardım ve Hizmet Sisteminde Mevcut Durum Asgari Gelir Güvencesi İhtiyacı”, Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi(SGD),2(1), s.117-151
  • Mishel, L.,Bernstein, J.ve Rasell, E. (1995),“Who Wins with aHigher Minimum Wage?”,Economic Policy Institute BriefingP aper.
  • Neumark, D.,Salas, J. I.ve Wascher, W. (2014),“More on Recent Evidence on The Effects of Minimum Wages in The United States” IZA Journal Of Labor Policy, 3(1), p.24.
  • Neumark, D.,Salas, J. I.ve Wascher, W. (2014),“Revisiting the Minimum Wage—Employment Debate: Throwing Out the Baby with the Bathwater?”, ILR Review, 67(3_suppl), p.608-648.
  • Neumark, D. ve Wascher, W. L. (2007),“Minimum Wages and Employment”,Foundations and Trends in Microeconomics,3(1–2), p.1-182.
  • Orazem, P. F.ve Mattila, J. P. (2002),“Minimum Wage Effects on Hours, Employment and Number of Firms: The Iowa Case”, Journal of Labor Research, 23(1), p.3-23.
  • Öztürk, İ.ve Ozansoy, A. (2011),“Ücret Gelirleri Üzerindeki Vergi Yükünün Analizi”, Maliye Dergisi, 161, s.197-214.
  • Partridge, M. D. ve Partridge, J. S. (1999),“Do Minimum Wage Hikes Reduce Employment? State-Level Evidence From The Low-Wage Retail Sector”, Journal of Labor Research, 20(3), p.393-413.
  • Rakıcı, C.ve Vural, T. (2011),“Asgari Ücret Üzerindeki Toplam Vergi Yükü Ve Asgari Ücret Tutarının Anlamı”, Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), s.57-68
  • Sabia, J.J. (2015), “Minimum Wages and Gross Domestic Product”, Contemporary Economic Policy, 33(4), p.587-605
  • Sabia, J.J. (2009),“The Effects of Minimum Wage Increases on Retail Employment: New Evidence from Monthly CPS Data”,Journal of Labor Research, 30(1), p.75–97.
  • Sabia, J. J.ve Burkhauser, R. V. (2010),“Minimum Wages and Poverty: Will A $9.50 Federal Minimum Wage Really Help TheWorking Poor?.”, Journal,76(3), p.592-623. Southern Economic
  • Sims, C. A. (1972),“Money, Income, and Causality”, The American Economic Review, 62(4), p.540-552
  • Starr, G. (1993),Minimum Wage Fixing: An International Review of Practices and Problems,International Labor Office, Geneva, Switzerland
  • Sutherland, H. (1995),“Minimum Wage Benefits. Juncture”, 2(4), p.214-219.
  • Taştan, S. ve Özekicioglu, H. (2015), “Long-Term Capital Goods Importation and Minimum Wage Relationship in Turkey: Bounds Testing Approach”, Studies in Business and Economics, 10(1), p.122-129.
  • Tonin, M. (2011), “Minimum Wage and Tax Evasion: Theory and Evidence”, Journal of Public Economics, 95(11), p.1635-1651.
  • Werner, T.,Sell, F. L.ve Reinisch, D. C. (2013), “Price Effects of Minimum Wages: Evidence from the Construction Sector in East and West Germany”, Volkswirtschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fachgruppefür Volkswirtschaftslehre, No:2013-4
  • VanSoest, A. (1994),“Youth Minimum Wage Rates: The Dutch Experience”,International Journal of Manpower,15(2/3), p.100-117.
  • Zaim, S. (1997),Çalışma Ekonomisi, 10. baskı,Filiz Kitabevi, İstanbul.
Toplam 82 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Zeynep Burcu Bulut-çevik

Songül Solmaz Macit Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Bulut-çevik, Z. B., & Solmaz Macit, S. (2017). Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Kısa Dönem Belirleyicileri: Nedensellik Analizi. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(3), 429-445.
AMA Bulut-çevik ZB, Solmaz Macit S. Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Kısa Dönem Belirleyicileri: Nedensellik Analizi. UEAD. Eylül 2017;3(3):429-445.
Chicago Bulut-çevik, Zeynep Burcu, ve Songül Solmaz Macit. “Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Kısa Dönem Belirleyicileri: Nedensellik Analizi”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3, sy. 3 (Eylül 2017): 429-45.
EndNote Bulut-çevik ZB, Solmaz Macit S (01 Eylül 2017) Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Kısa Dönem Belirleyicileri: Nedensellik Analizi. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3 3 429–445.
IEEE Z. B. Bulut-çevik ve S. Solmaz Macit, “Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Kısa Dönem Belirleyicileri: Nedensellik Analizi”, UEAD, c. 3, sy. 3, ss. 429–445, 2017.
ISNAD Bulut-çevik, Zeynep Burcu - Solmaz Macit, Songül. “Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Kısa Dönem Belirleyicileri: Nedensellik Analizi”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3/3 (Eylül 2017), 429-445.
JAMA Bulut-çevik ZB, Solmaz Macit S. Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Kısa Dönem Belirleyicileri: Nedensellik Analizi. UEAD. 2017;3:429–445.
MLA Bulut-çevik, Zeynep Burcu ve Songül Solmaz Macit. “Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Kısa Dönem Belirleyicileri: Nedensellik Analizi”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 3, 2017, ss. 429-45.
Vancouver Bulut-çevik ZB, Solmaz Macit S. Türkiye’de Asgari Ücretin Kısa Dönem Belirleyicileri: Nedensellik Analizi. UEAD. 2017;3(3):429-45.