Biogas Potential of Afyonkarahisar, Turkey-based on Animal Manure: Energy Equivalents and its Contribution to Economy and Carbon Emissions

Yıl 2023, , 356 - 370, 31.05.2023

Kazım Kumaş , Ali Özhan Akyüz

https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1219728

Cited By: 1

Öz

Energy demand is increasing rapidly all over the world. It is seen that the fossil fuel reserves, which are used extensively to meet the energy needs of the world, will not be enough to meet the necessary energy needs in the future. Countries that have not been able to solve their energy problem have started to seek new ways such as finding new energy sources and developing energy technology. Biogas can be thought of as a type of energy that can be obtained through many different sources. One of them is animal manure, which consists of organic matter. The livestock sector has strategic importance in Turkey in terms of economic and social aspects such as adequate and balanced nutrition for the population, the realization of rural development, and the prevention of rural-urban migration by reducing agricultural unemployment. In this study, the biogas potential that can be obtained from animal manure was examined according to the animal data of the Turkish Statistical Institute for 2020 in different categories throughout the province of Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. The conversion of the obtained biogas potential to other energy sources has been evaluated and it has been determined how much economic benefit can be obtained from each energy source. In addition, the carbon emissions of the province originating from animal husbandry were analyzed theoretically.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Animal manure, Biogas, Carbon emission, Energy, Methane

Kaynakça

• [1]. C. Zhang and L. Qiu, “Comprehensive sustainability assessment of a biogas-linked agro-ecosystem: a case study in China,” Clean Technol. Environmental Policy, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 1847-1860, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-018-1580-9.
• [2]. K. Majeed et al., “Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Montmorillonite-Reinforced Polypropylene/Rice Husk Hybrid Nanocomposites,” Polymers, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 1557, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101557.
• [3]. L. E. N. Ekpeni, K. Y. Benyounis, F. Nkem-Ekpeni, J. Stokes, and A. G. Olabi, “Energy Diversity through Renewable Energy Source (RES) – A Case Study of Biomass,” Energy Procedia, vol. 61, pp. 1740-1747, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.202.
• [4]. A. P. Bulut and G. T. Canbaz, “Investigation of Sivas Province’s Biogas Potential of Animal Wastes,” Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal, vol. 9, no.1 pp. 1-10, 2019 https://doi.org/10.7212/zkufbd.v9i1.1010.
• [5]. H. M. Zabed, S. Akter, J. Yun, G. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and X. Qi, “Biogas from microalgae: Technologies, challenges and opportunities,” Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 117, pp. 109503, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109503.
• [6]. K. Kumaş and A. Akyüz, “Analysis of pollution load originating from cattle, small ruminant and poultry: A comparative case study for Isparta, Turkey,” International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies vol. 7, no. 3 pp. 50-53, 2020. https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.764217.
• [7]. K. Kumaş and A. Ö. Akyüz, “Theoretical Nitrous Oxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide Emissions Calculations to the Atmosphere in Niğde, Turkey,” Dicle University Journal of the Institute of Natural and Applied Science, vol. 10 no. 2 pp. 209-220, 2021, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/dufed/issue/62790/1001016.
• [8]. M. Ozcan, S. Öztürk, and Y. Oguz, “Potential evaluation of biomass-based energy sources for Turkey,” Eng. Sci. Technology, Int. J., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 178-184, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2014.10.003
• [9]. P. Abdeshahian, J. S. Lim, W. S. Ho, H. Hashim, and C. T. Lee, “Potential of biogas production from farm animal waste in Malaysia,” Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 60, pp. 714-723, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.117.
• [10]. M. F. Baran, F. Lüle and O., Gökdoğan, “Energy Potential Can Be Produced by Animal Waste of Adiyaman Province,” Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 245-249, 2017. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.844631.
• [11]. B. Özer, “Biogas energy opportunity of Ardahan city of Turkey,” Energy, vol. 139, pp. 1144-1152, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.052
• [12]. M. Arshad et al., “Electricity generation from biogas of poultry waste: An assessment of potential and feasibility in Pakistan,” Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 81, pp. 1241-1246, Jan. 2018.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.007.
• [13]. N. Bilandzija et al., “Evaluation of Croatian agricultural solid biomass energy potential,” Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 93, pp. 225-230, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.040.
• [14]. N. Scarlat, F. Fahl, J. F. Dallemand, F. Monforti, and V. Motola, “A spatial analysis of biogas potential from manure in Europe,” Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 94, pp. 915-930, Oct. 2018.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.06.035
• [15]. N. Khayum, S. Anbarasu, and S. Murugan, “Biogas potential from spent tea waste: A laboratory scale investigation of co-digestion with cow manure,” Energy, vol. 165, pp. 760-768, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.163
• [16]. F. Cucchiella, I. D’Adamo, and M. Gastaldi, "An economic analysis of biogas-biomethane chain from animal residues in Italy," J. Cleaner Prod., vol. 230, pp. 888–897, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.116
• [17]. M. Khalil, M. A. Berawi, R. Heryanto, and A. Rizalie, “Waste to energy technology: The potential of sustainable biogas production from animal waste in Indonesia,” Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 105, pp. 323-331, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.011
• [18]. H. Şenol, “Biogas potential of hazelnut shells and hazelnut wastes in Giresun City,” Biotechnol. Rep., vol. 24, pp.1-6, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00361
• [19]. M. Taşova and S. Yazarel, “Yozgat İli Hayvansal Kaynaklı Atıkların Biyogaz ve Enerji Potansiyellerinin Belirlenmesi,” Int. J. Life Sci. Biotechnol., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 16-24, Apr. 2019. https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.527131.
• [20]. E. Ersoy and A. Ugurlu, “The potential of Turkey's province-based livestock sector to mitigate GHG emissions through biogas production,” J. Environmental Manage., vol. 255, p. 109858, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109858
• [21]. M. Melikoglu and Z. K. Menekse, “Forecasting Turkey's cattle and sheep manure based biomethane potentials till 2026,” Biomass Bioenergy, vol. 132, p. 105440, Jan. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105440.
• [22]. H. Nuralan Poyraz, G. Elden and G. Genç, “Investigation of The Biogas and Electric Production Potential and Cost from The Cattle Waste in Kayseri,” Dicle University Journal of Engineering, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1175-1185, 2020. https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.745837
• [23]. M. Caliskan and N. F. Tumen Ozdil, “Potential of Biogas and Electricity Production from Animal Waste in Turkey,” Bioenerg. Research, vol. 14, pp. 860-869, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10193-w
• [24]. S. S. Seyitoğlu and E. Avcıoğlu, “An Investigation for the Potential of Biogas to be Produced from Animal Waste in Corum,” Gazi University Journal of Science PART C: Design and Technology, vol. 9 no. 2, pp. 246-261, 2021, https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.889846
• [25]. K. Kumaş and A. Ö. Akyüz, “Methane, Diesel Fuel, Electrical Energy, CO2 Emissions and Economical Equavialent from Animal Manure of Tokat, Turkey,” International Scientific and Vocational Journal (Isvos Journal), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 144-153, 2021. https://doi.org/10.47897/bilmes.969372.
• [26]. TUİK, Hayvansal istatistikleri. (2022). Accessed: 20.02.2022. [Online]. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn%C2%BC101&locale%C2%BCtr
• [27]. BAGEV, Afyonkarahisar, (2022). https://bagev.org.tr/bati-akdeniz-bolgesi-detay_afyonkarahsar-226235604.html Accessed: 20.02.2022. [Online].
• [28]. ATSO, Afyonkarahisar Ekonomisi, (2022). http://www.afyonkarahisartso.org.tr/index.asp?s=180&t=2&a=15 Accessed: 11.03.2022. [Online].
• [29]. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Akarçay Havzası Taşkın Yönetim Planı. (2019). https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/Ta%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n%20Y%C3%B6netim%20Planlar%C4%B1/AKAR%C3%87AY%20HAVZASI%20TA%C5%9EKIN%20YONETIM%20PLANI.pdf [Accessed: 11.03.2022. [Online].
• [30]. K. Kumaş and A. Ö. Akyüz, “Biogas Potential, CO2 Emission and Electrical Energy Equivalent from Animal Waste in Burdur, Turkey,” Akademia Doğa ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 7 no. 1, pp. 52-62, 2021. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/adibd/issue/60270/912682.
• [31]. H. Kaynarca, T. Kilic, E. Acikkalp, S. Y. Kandemir, “Assessment of Biogas Potential in Eskisehir”. Journal of Geography, vol. 42, pp:271-282, 2021. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2021-881905
• [32]. M. Brander, A. Sood, C. Wylıe, A. Haughton and J. Lovell, “Electricity-Specific Emission Factors for Grid Electricity” Ecometrica, pp:1-22, 2011. https://ecometrica.com/assets/Electricity-specific-emission-factors-for-grid-electricity.pdf.
• [33]. S. Ener Rüşen and M. Koç, “Analysis of Five-Year Energy Consumption; A Case Study of a Food Factory,” BEU Journal of Science, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1478-1488, 2019. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.549428
• [34]. H. Yağlı and Y. Koç, “Determination of Biogas Production Potential from Animal Manure: A Case Calculation for Adana Province,” Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, vol. 34, no.3, pp. 35-48. 2019. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.637603
• [35]. Y. Koc, H. Yagli, E. O. Ozdes, E. Baltacioglu and A. Koc, “Thermodynamic analysis of solid waste and energy consumption to reduce the effects of an electric arc furnace on the environment,” International Journal of Global Warming, 2019, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 308-323. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGW.2019.103725
• [36]. N. K. Salihoğlu, A. Teksoy and K. Altan, “Determination of Biogas Production Potential From Cattle And Sheep Wastes: Balıkesir Case Study,” Omer Halisdemir University Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 31-47, 2019.
• [37]. TÜİK, Nüfus ve Demografi İstatistikleri. (2022). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=nufus-ve-demografi109&dil=1. Accessed: 10.02.2022. [Online].
• [38]. Anonim, Afyon Biyogaz Enerji Santrali. (2022). https://www.enerjiatlasi.com/biyogaz/afyon-biyogaz-enerji-santrali.html Accessed: 12.02.2022. [Online].
• [39]. Anonim, Petline. (2022a). https://www.petline.com.tr/afyon-petline-pompa-fiyatlari. Accessed: 12.02.2022. [Online].
• [40]. Anonim, Abone ve Serbest Tüketici Satış Tarifesi. (2022b). https://www.aksadogalgaz.com.tr/Musteri-Hizmetleri/Fiyat-Tarifeleri/Satis-Tarifesi/Afyon. Accessed: 05.03.2022. [Online].
• [41]. Anonim, Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, (2022c). https://www.epdk.gov.tr/. Accessed: 30.02.2022. [Online].
• [42]. Anonim, Güncel Akaryakıt Fiyatları. (2022d). https://www.tppd.com.tr/tr/akaryakit-fiyatlari?id=03 Accessed: 12.02.2022. [Online].
• [43]. Anonim, Odun Fiyatları. (2022e).]. https://www.devletdestekli.com/sobalik-odun-fiyatlari/ Accessed: 17.02.2022. [Online].
• [44]. D. Rutz, Sustainable Heat Use of Biogas Plant Handbook, WIP Renewable Energies, Munich-Germany, 2015.