Yüksek Entropili Alaşımlar: üretimi, özellikleri ve kullanım alanları

Öz

Yüksek Entropili Alaşımlar (YEA), %5’den %35’e kadar atomik konsantrasyonlara sahip elementlerden meydana gelmektedir. Yeni nesil bu metalik malzemeler sahip oldukları özellikleri nedeniyle pek çok mühendislik uygulamasında kendilerine kullanım alanı bulmuşlardır. Bu malzemelere sahip oldukları özellikleri, yüksek entropi etkisi, latis bozulma etkisi, yavaş difüzyon etkisi ve karışım etkisi kazandırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, belirtilen etkilerin yanı sıra yüksek entropili alaşımların tanımı, özellikleri, üretim yöntemleri, kullanım alanları ve konu ile ilgili yapılan son dönem çalışmaları hakkında temel bilgiler verilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, ulaşılması hedeflenen üstün özelliklere göre dizayn edilen YEA’ların üretilmesi, çıktıların uygulanabilir somut teknolojik alanlara transferi, üstün özelliklerin getirdiği avantajların askeri, savunma, havacılık ve uzay gibi spesifik uygulama alanlarında kullanılabilir hale getirilmesi gibi ilgili alandaki son gelişmeler derlenerek sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yüksek entropili alaşımlar
• üretim yöntemleri
• yapısal metaller

High Entropy Alloys: production, properites and utilization areas

Öz

High entropy alloys (HEA) are composed of elements with atomic concentrations between 5% and 35%, unlike conventional alloys. This new generation of metallic materials has found utilization areas in many engineering applications due to their remarkable properties. High entropy effect, lattice distortion effect, sluggish diffusion effect, and cocktail effect are what give HEAs their properties. In addition to the mentioned effects, basic information regarding the definition, properties, production methods, utilization areas and recent studies of HEAs are given in this study. Furthermore, the recent developments in related areas such as the production of HEAs designed according to the targeted superior characteristics, transfer of outputs to applicable technologic fields, making the advantages of their superior features available in specific application areas such as military, defense and aerospace systems, were presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• high-entropy alloys
• production methods
• structural metals

Kaynakça

1. [1] Zhang Y., Zhou Y.J., "Solid solution formation criteria for high entropy alloys", In Materials science forum, Trans Tech Publications, 2007, (561-565): 1337-1339.
2. [2] Yeh J.W., Chen Y.L., Lin S.J., Chen S.K., "High-entropy alloys–a new era of exploitation", In Materials science forum, Trans Tech Publications, 2007, (560): 1-9.
3. [3] Lu Y., Gao X., Wang T.Y., Chen H.L., Maob H., Guo S., "Preparing bulk ultrafine-microstructure high-entropy alloys via direct solidification", Nanoscale, 2018, 10(4): 1912-1919.
4. [4] Feng H., Zhijun W., Yiyan L., Qingfeng W., Junjie L., Jincheng W., Liu C.T., "Kinetic ways of tailoring phases in high entropy alloys", Scientific Reports, 2016, (6): 34628.
5. [5] Yeh J.W., Chen S.K., Lin S.J., Gan J.Y., Chin T.S., Shun T.T., Tsau C.H., Chang S.Y., "Nanostructured high-entropy alloys with multiple principal elements: Novel alloy design concepts and outcomes" Advanced Engineering Materials, 2004, 6(5): 299-303.
6. [6] Cantor B., Chang I.T.H., Knight P., Vincent A.J.B., "Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys", Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2004, (375): 213-218.
7. [7] Ye Y.F., Wang Q., Lu J., Liu C.T., Yang Y., "High-entropy alloy: challenges and prospects", Materials Today, 2016, 19(6): 349-362.
8. [8] Zhang Y., Zuo T.T., Tang Z., Gao M.C., Dahmen K.A., Liaw P.K., Lu Z.P., "Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys", Progress in Materials Science, 2014, (61): 1-93.

9. [9] Miracle D.B., Miller J., Senkov O., Woodward C., Uchic M., Tiley J., "Exploration and Development of High Entropy Alloys for Structural Applications" Entropy, 2014, 16(1): 494-525.
10. [10] Smith C.S., "Four Outstanding Researches in Metallurgical History", 1963.
11. [11] Chen T.K., Shun T.T., Yeh J.W., Wong M.S., "Nanostructured nitride films of multi-element high-entropy alloys by reactive DC sputtering" Surface and Coatings Technology, 2004, (188): 193-200.
12. [12] Hsu C.Y., Yeh J.W., Chen S.K., Shun T.T., ''Wear resistance and high-temperature compression strength of Fcc CuCoNiCrAl 0.5 Fe alloy with boron addition'' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2004, 35(5): 1465-1469.
13. [13] Huang P.K,. Yeh J.W., Shun T.T., Chen S.K., ''Multi-principal-element alloys with improved oxidation and wear resistance for thermal spray coating'' Advanced Engineering Materials, 2004, 6(1-2): 74-78.
14. [14] Yeh J.W., Lin S.J., Chin T.S., Gan J.Y., Chen S.K., Shun T.T., Chou S.Y., ''Formation of simple crystal structures in Cu-Co-Ni-Cr-Al-Fe-Ti-V alloys with multiprincipal metallic elements'' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2004, 8(35): 2533-2536.
15. [15] Huang K.H., Yeh J., ''A study on the multicomponent alloy systems containing equal-mole elements'' Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University, 1996.
16. [16] Murty B.S., Yeh J.W., Ranganathan, S., ''High-entropy alloys'' Butterworth-Heinemann, 2014.
17. [17] Ranganathan S., ''Alloyed pleasures: Multimetallic cocktails'' Current Science, 2003, 5(85): 1404-1406.
18. [18] He Q., Ding Z.Y., Ye Y.F., Yang Y., ''Design of high-entropy alloy: a perspective from nonideal mixing'' Jom, 2017, 11(69): 2092-2098.
19. [19] Qin G., Wang S., Chen R., Gong X., Wang L., Su Y., Fu H., ''Microstructures and mechanical properties of Nb-alloyed CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloys'' Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2018, 2(34): 365-369.
20. [20] Zhang Y., Zhou J Y.J., Lin P., Chen G.L., Liaw P.K., ''Solid-solution phase formation rules for multi-component alloys'' Advanced Engineering Materials, 2008, 10(6): 534-538.
21. [21] Otto F., Yang Y., Bei H., George E.P., ''Relative effects of enthalpy and entropy on the phase stability of equiatomic high-entropy alloys'' Acta Materialia, 2013, 7(61): 2628-2638.
22. [22] Zaddach A.J., ''Physical Properties of NiFeCrCo-based High-Entropy Alloys'', 2015.
23. [23] Pickering E.J., Jones N.G., ''High-entropy alloys: a critical assessment of their founding principles and future prospects'' International Materials Reviews, 2016, 3(61): 183-202.
24. [24] Alotaibi S., ''Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy'', PhD diss., UC San Diego, 2017.
25. [25] Cantor B., ''Multicomponent and high entropy alloys'' Entropy, 2014, 9(16): 4749-4768.
26. [26] Yang X., Zhang Y., ''Prediction of high-entropy stabilized solid-solution in multi-component alloys'' Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2012, 132(2-3): 233-238.
27. [27] Chikumba, S. and V.V. Rao. High entropy alloys: Development and applications [C]. in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Latest Trends in Engineering & Technology (ICLTET'2015). Irene, Pretoria. 2015.
28. [28] Miracle D.B., Senkov O.N., ''A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts'' Acta Materialia, 2017, 122(1): 448-511.
29. [29] Toda-Caraballo I., Rivera-Daz-Del-Castillo P.E.J., ''A criterion for the formation of high entropy alloys based on lattice distortion'' Intermetallics, 2016, 71(1): 76-87.
30. [30] Guo S., Hu Q., Ng C., Liu C.T., ''More than entropy in high-entropy alloys: forming solid solutions or amorphous phase'' Intermetallics, 2013, 41(1): 96-103.
31. [31] Yeh J.W., ''Alloy Design Strategies and Future Trends in High-Entropy Alloys'' Jom, 2013, 65(1): 1759-1771.
32. [32] Yeh J.W., ''Recent progress in high entropy alloys'' Annales Chimie, Science des Materiaux (Paris), 2006, 31(6):633-648.
33. [33] Tsai M.H., Yeh J.W., ''High-Entropy Alloys: A Critical Review'' Materials Research Letters, 2014, 2(3): 107-123.
34. [34] Gao M.C., Yeh J.W., Liaw P.K., Zhang Y., ''High-Entropy Alloys: fundamentals and applications'', Springer, 2016.
35. [35] Lucas M.S., Mauger L.J., Muñoz A., Yuming X., Sheets A.O., Semiatin S.L., Horwath J., Turgut Z., ''Magnetic and vibrational properties of high-entropy alloys'' Journal of Applied Physics, 2011, 109(7): 07E307.
36. [36] Zheng Z.Y., Li X.C., Zhang C., Li J.C., ''Microstructure and corrosion behaviour of FeCoNiCuSnx high entropy alloys'' Materials Science and Technology, 2015, 31(1): 1148-1152.
37. [37] Tan X.R., Zhao R.F., Ren B., Zhi Q., Zhang G.P., Liu Z.X., ''Effects of hot pressing temperature on microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of Al2NbTi3V2Zr high-entropy alloy'' Materials Science and Technology, 2016, 32(15): 1582-1591.
38. [38] Zhao J.H., Ji X.L., Shan Y.P., Fu Y., Yao Z., ''On the microstructure and erosion-corrosion resistance of AlCrFeCoNiCu high-entropy alloy via annealing treatment'' Materials Science and Technology, 2016, 32(12): 1271-1275.
39. [39] Lee C., Song G., Gao M.C., Feng R., Chen P., Brechtl J., LI, S., ''Lattice distortion in a strong and ductile refractory high-entropy alloy'' Acta Materialia, 2018, 160(1): 158-172.
40. [40] Senkov O.N., Wilks G.B., Miracle D.B., Chuang C.P., Liaw P.K., ''Refractory high-entropy alloys'' Intermetallics, 2010, 18(9): 1758-1765.
41. [41] Senkov O.N., Miracle D.B., Chaput K.J., Couzinie J.P., ''Development and exploration of refractory high entropy alloys-A review'' Journal of Materials Research, 2018, 19(33): 3092-3128.
42. [42] Paul T.R., Belova I.V., Murch G.E., ''Analysis of diffusion in high entropy alloys'' Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2018, (210): 301-308.
43. [43] Chen S.T., Tang W.Y., Kuo Y.F., Chen S.Y., Tsau C.H., Shun T.T., Yeh J.W., ''Microstructure and properties of age-hardenable AlxCrFe1.5MnNi0.5 alloys'' Materials Science and Engineering A, 2010, 527(21-22): 5818-5825.
44. [44] Hsu C.Y., Juan C.C., Wang W.R., Sheu T.S., Yeh J.W., Chen S.K., ''On the superior hot hardness and softening resistance of AlCoCrxFeMo0.5Ni high-entropy alloys'' Materials Science and Engineering A, 2011, 528(10-11): 3581-3588.
45. [45] Tsai M.H., Yuan H., Cheng G., Xu W., Jian W.W., Chuang M.H., Juan C.C., Yeh A.C., Lin S.J., Zhua Y., ''Significant hardening due to the formation of a sigma phase matrix in a high entropy alloy'' Intermetallics, 2013, (33): 81-86.
46. [46] Wu W.H., Yang C.C., Yeh L., ''Industrial Development of High-Entropy Alloys'' In Annales De Chimie-Science Des Materiaux. 2006, 6(31): 737.
47. [47] Tsai K.Y., Tsai M.H., Yeh J.W., ''Sluggish diffusion in Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni high-entropy alloys'' Acta Materialia, 2013, 13(61): 4887-4897.
48. [48] Tsai M.H., ''Physical Properties of High Entropy Alloy'' Entropy, 2013, 15(12): 5338-5345.
49. [49] Chen M.R., Lin S.J., Yeh J.W., Chuang M.H., Chen S.K., Huang Y.S., ''Effect of vanadium addition on the microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of Al 0.5 CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy'' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2006, 37(5): 1363-1369.
50. [50] Chuang M.H., Tsai M.H., Wang W.R., Lin S.J., Yeh J.W., ''Microstructure and wear behavior of AlxCo1.5CrFeNi1.5Tiy high-entropy alloys'' Acta Materialia, 2011, 59(16): 6308-6317.
51. [51] Chou Y.L., Yeh J.W., Shih H.C., ''The effect of molybdenum on the corrosion behaviour of the high-entropy alloys Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5Mox in aqueous environments'' Corrosion Science, 2010, 52(8): 2571-2581.
52. [52] Lee C., Chen Y.Y., Hsu C.Y., Yeh J.W., Shih H.C., ''The effect of boron on the corrosion resistance of the high entropy alloys Al0, 5CoCrCuFeNiBx'' Journal of the Electrochemical society, 2007, 154(8): C424-C430.
53. [53] Shi Y., Yang B., Liaw P., ''Corrosion-Resistant High-Entropy Alloys: A Review'' Metals, 2017, 7(2): 43.
54. [54] Zhang A., Han J., Su B., Meng J., ''A novel CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy matrix self-lubricating composite'' Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, (725): 700-710.
55. [55] Middleburgh S.C., King D.M., Lumpkin G.R., Cortie M., Edwards L., ''Segregation and migration of species in the CrCoFeNi high entropy alloy'' Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, (599): 179-182.
56. [56] Tang W.Y., Yeh J.W., ''Effect of Aluminum Content on Plasma-Nitrided Al (x) CoCrCuFeNi High-Entropy Alloys'' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2009, 40(6): 1479-1486.
57. [57] Rao Z.Y., Wang X., Zhu J., Chen X.H., Wang L., Si J.J., Hui X.D., ''Affordable FeCrNiMnCu high entropy alloys with excellent comprehensive tensile properties'' Intermetallics, 2016, (77): 23-33.
58. [58] Cheng J.B., Liang X.B., Xu B.S., ''Effect of Nb addition on the structure and mechanical behaviors of CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy coatings'' Surface and Coatings Technology, 2014, (240): 184-190.
59. [59] Verma A., Tarate P., Abhyankar A.C., Mohape M.R., Gowtam D.S., Deshmukh V.P., Shanmugasundaram T., ''High temperature wear in CoCrFeNiCux high entropy alloys: The role of Cu'' Scripta Materialia, 2019, (161): 28-31.
60. [60] Banerjee A., Tungala V., Sala K., Biswas K., Maity J., ''A Comparative Study on the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Mild Steel and 6061Al-15wt.% SiCp Composite'' Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2015, 24(6): 2303-2311.
61. [61] Tang Z., Gao M.C., Diao H., Yang T., Liu J., Zuo T., Zhang Y., DAHMEN, K.A., ''Aluminum Alloying Effects on Lattice Types, Microstructures, and Mechanical Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys Systems'', Jom, 2013, 65(12): 1848-1858.
62. [62] Kube S.A., Sohn S., Uhl D., Datye A., Mehta A., Schroers J., ''Phase selection motifs in High Entropy Alloys revealed through combinatorial methods: Large atomic size difference favors BCC over FCC'' Acta Materialia, 2019, (166): 677-686.
63. [63] Yeh J.W., Chang S.Y., Hong Y.D., Chen S.K., Lin S.J., ''Anomalous decrease in X-ray diffraction intensities of Cu-Ni-Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Si alloy systems with multi-principal elements'' Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2007, 103(1): 41-46.
64. [64] Gludovatz B., Hohenwarter A., Catoor D., Chang, E.H., George E.P., Ritchie R.O., ''A fracture-resistant high-entropy alloy for cryogenic applications'' Science, 2014, 345(6201): 1153-1158.
65. [65] Zhou Y.J., Zhang Y., Wang Y.L., Chen G.L., ''Solid solution alloys of AlCoCrFeNiTix with excellent room-temperature mechanical properties'' Applied physics letters, 2007, 90(18): 181904.
66. [66] Zhu J.M., Fu H.M., Zhang H.F., Wang A.M., Li H., Hu Z., ''Microstructures and compressive properties of multicomponent AlCoCrFeNiMox alloys'' Materials Science and Engineering A, 2010, 527(26): 6975-6979.
67. [67] Tong C.J., Chen M.R., Yeh J.W., Lin S.J., Chen S.K., Shun T.T., ''Mechanical performance of the Al x CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy system with multiprincipal elements'' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2005, 36(5): 1263-1271.
68. [68] Wang F., Zhang Y., Chen G., Davies H.A., ''Tensile and compressive mechanical behavior of a CoCrCuFeNiAl 0.5 high entropy alloy'' International Journal of Modern Physics B, 2009, 23(06n07): 1254-1259.
69. [69] Guo S., ''Phase selection rules for cast high entropy alloys: an overview'' Materials Science and Technology, 2015, 31(10): 1223-1230.
70. [70] Zhang K.B., Fu Z.Y., Zhang J.Y., Shi J., Wang W.M., Wang H., Zhang Q.J., ''Annealing on the structure and properties evolution of the CoCrFeNiCuAl high-entropy alloy'' Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010, 502(2): 295-299.
71. [71] Singh S., Wanderka N., Kiefer K., Siemensmeyer K., Banhart J., ''Effect of decomposition of the Cr-Fe-Co rich phase of AlCoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy on magnetic properties'' Ultramicroscopy, 2011, 111(6): 619-622.
72. [72] Zhang Y., Zuo T.T., Cheng Y.Q., Liaw P.K., ''High-entropy alloys with high saturation magnetization, electrical resistivity, and malleability'' Scientific Reports, 2013, (3): 1455.
73. [73] Chou H.P., Chang Y.S., Chen S.K., Yeh J.W., ''Microstructure, thermophysical and electrical properties in AlxCoCrFeNi (0≤x≤2) high entropy alloys'' Materials Science and Engineering:B, 2009, 163(3): 184-189.
74. [74] Murty B.S., Yeh J.W., Ranganathan S., Bhattacharjee P.P., "High-entropy alloys", Elsevier, 2019.
75. [75] Che, M., Lan L., Shi X., Yang H., Zhang M., Qiao J., ''The tribological properties of Al0. 6CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy with the σ phase precipitation at elevated temperature'' Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, (777): 180-189.
76. [76] Jadhav M., Singh S., Srivastava M., Kumar G.V., ''An investigation on high entropy alloy for bond coat application in thermal barrier coating system'' Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, (783): 662-673.
77. [77] Tong C.J., Chen Y.L., Yeh J.W., Lin S.J., Chen S.K., Shun T.T., Chang S.Y., ''Microstructure characterization of Al x CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy system with multiprincipal elements'' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2005, 36(4): 881-893.
78. [78] Yu Y., Wang J., Yang J., Qiao Z., Duan H., Li J., Liu W., ''Corrosive and tribological behaviors of AlCoCrFeNi-M high entropy alloys under 90 wt. % H2O2 solution'' Tribology International, 2019, (131): 24-32.
79. [79] Wang W.R., Wang W.L., Yeh J.W., ''Phases, microstructure and mechanical properties of AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys at elevated temperatures'' Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, (589): 143-152.
80. [80] Wang Z.J., Guo S., Liu C.T., ''Phase Selection in High-Entropy Alloys: From Nonequilibrium to Equilibrium.'' Jom, 2014, 66(10): 1966-1972.
81. [81] Gali A., George E.P., ''Tensile properties of high- and medium-entropy alloys'' Intermetallics, 2013, (39): 74-78.
82. [82] Ashby M.F., Shercliff, H., Cebon, D., Materials: engineering, science, processing and design, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2018.
83. [83] Zhou S.C., Liang Y.J., Zhu Y., Jian R., Wang B., Xue Y., Wang F., ''High entropy alloy: A promising matrix for high-performance tungsten heavy alloys'' Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, (777): 1184-1190.
84. [84] Ge, S., et al., Effects of Al addition on the microstructures and properties of MoNbTaTiV refractory high entropy alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2020: p. 139275.
85. [85] Hawkins, M.C., et al. High velocity impact of an Fe/Cr/Mn/Ni high entropy alloy. in Proceedings of the 2019 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium HVIS2019. 2019. Nevada National Security Site/Mission Support and Test Services LLC.
86. [86] Shuang, S., et al., Corrosion resistant nanostructured eutectic high entropy alloy. Corrosion Science, 2020. 164: p. 108315.
87. [87] Cahn W.R., Hassen P., ''Solidification'' Physical metallurgy, 1996, (1): 670-844.
88. [88] Reed-Hill, R.E., Abbaschian, R., Abbaschian, R., Physical metallurgy principles, 1973.
89. [89] Ma S., Zhang S.F., Gao M.C., Liaw P.K., Zhang Y., ''A successful synthesis of the CoCrFeNiAl 0.3 single-crystal, high-entropy alloy by Bridgman solidification'' Jom, 2013, 65(12): 1751-1758.
90. [90] Ye X., Ma M., Liu W., Li L., Zhong M., Liu Y., ''Synthesis and Characterization of High-Entropy Alloy Al.'' Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2011.
91. [91] Novak T.G., Vora H.D., Mishra R.S., Young M.L., Dahotre N.B., ''Synthesis of Al 0.5 CoCrCuFeNi and Al 0.5 CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys by Laser Melting'' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2014, 45(5): 1603-1607.
92. [92] Jiang, Z., et al., Influence of synthesis method on microstructure and mechanical behavior of Co-free AlCrFeNi medium-entropy alloy. Intermetallics, 2019. 108: p. 45-54.
93. [93] Zhang, W., P.K. Liaw, and Y. Zhang, Science and technology in high-entropy alloys. Science China Materials, 2018. 61(1): p. 2-22.
94. [94] Alaneme, K.K., M.O. Bodunrin, and S.R. Oke, Processing, alloy composition and phase transition effect on the mechanical and corrosion properties of high entropy alloys: a review. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2016. 5(4): p. 384-393.
95. [95] Hemphill, M.A., et al., Fatigue behavior of Al0. 5CoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloys. Acta Materialia, 2012. 60(16): p. 5723-5734.
96. [96] Stepanov N.D., Yurchenko N.Y., Zherebtsov S.V., Tikhonovsky M.A., Salishchev G.A., ''Aging behavior of the HfNbTaTiZr high entropy alloy'' Materials Letters, 2018, (211): 87-90.
97. [97] Wong S.K., Shun T.T., Chang C.H., Lee C.F., ''Microstructures and properties of Al0.3CoCrFeNiMnx high entropy alloys'' Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2018, (210): 146-151.
98. [98] Seol J.B., Bae J.W., Li,Z., Han J.C., Kim J.G., Raabe D., Kim H.S., ''Boron doped ultrastrong and ductile high-entropy alloys'' Acta Materialia, 2018, (151): 366-376.
99. [99] Vaidya M., Karati A., Marshal A., Pradeep K.G., Murty B.S., ''Phase evolution and stability of nanocrystalline CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys'' Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, (770): 1004-1015.
100. [100] Cheng H., Liu X., Tang Q., Wang W., Yan X., Dai P., ''Microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCoCrNiMnAlx high-entropy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and hot-pressed sintering'' Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, (775): 742-751.
101. [101] Karati A., Guruvidyathri, K., Hariharan V.S., Murty, B.S., ''Thermal stability of AlCoFeMnNi high-entropy alloy'' Scripta Materialia, 2019, (162): 465-467.
102. [102] Mishra R.K., Sahay P.P., Shahi R.R., ''Alloying, magnetic and corrosion behavior of AlCrFeMnNiTi high entropy alloy'' Journal of Materials Science, 2019, (54): 4433-4443.