Investigation the Biomass in OECD Countries and Turkey: Comparative Analysis with Classification Algorithms

Öz

In this study, energy and renewable energy issues were investigated. The goal of the study; Investigation of energy production in OECD countries to investigate the scope of activities in Turkey's position is to contribute to the identification of mandatory strategy. In the application of the study; Energy production from biomass in OECD countries was first compared with the clustering method. As per the cluster analysis conclusions; OECD countries are separated into three groupsAlso; Classifying models were used to analyze the relationship between biomass and waste generation, carbon dioxide emissions and primary energy consumption obtained in OECD countries. Regression analysis, correlation analysis and decision tree analysis were applied among these variables. Primary energy consumption has been the most influential variable on energy production from biomass and waste.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Renewable energy
• biomass
• clustering method
• multiple linear regression analysis
• decision tree analysis

OECD Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’de Biyokütlenin Araştırılması: Sınıflandırma Algoritmaları ile Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmada enerji ve yenilenebilir enerji konuları incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın hedefi; OECD ülkelerinde biyokütle enerji üretiminin araştırılması, onu etkileyen faktörlerin tanımlanması ve Türkiye'nin pozisyonundaki faaliyetlerin kapsamının araştırılması, zorunlu stratejilerin teşhisine katkı sağlamaktır. Çalışmanın uygulamasında; OECD ülkelerinde biyokütleden enerji üretimi ilk olarak kümeleme yöntemi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Kümeleme analizi sonuçlarına göre; OECD ülkeleri üç gruba ayrılmaktadır. Ayrıca; OECD ülkelerinde elde edilen biyokütle ve atık üretimi ile karbondioksit emisyonları, birincil enerji tüketimi arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmek için sınıflandırıcı modellerden faydalanılmıştır. Bu değişkenler arasında sınıflandırıcı modellerden regresyon analizi, korelasyon analizi ve karar ağacı analizi uygulanmıştır. Birincil enerji tüketimi, biyokütle ve atıktan enerji üretimi üzerinde en etkili değişken olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yenilenebilir enerji
• biyokütle
• kümeleme yöntemi
• çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi
• karar ağacı analizi

Kaynakça

1. Khoshnevis Yazdi, S., Shakouri, B., "Renewable energy, nonrenewable energy consumption, and economic growth", Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, And Policy, 2017, 12 (12): 1038–1045.
2. Bilgili, F., Ozturk, I., "Biomass energy and economic growth nexus in G7 countries: Evidence from dynamic panel data", Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 49: 132–138.
3. Bilgili, F., Koçak, E., Bulut, Ü., Kuşkaya, S., "Can biomass energy be an efficient policy tool for sustainable development?", Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 71: 830–845.
4. Qin, Z., Zhuang, Q., Chen, M., "Impacts of land use change due to biofuel crops on carbon balance, bioenergy production, and agricultural yield, in the conterminous U nited S tates", Gcb Bioenergy, 2012, 4 (3): 277–288.
5. Demirbas, A., "Global renewable energy projections", Energy Sources, Part B, 2009, 4 (2): 212–224.
6. Li, Y., Zhou, L. W., and Wang, R. Z., "Urban biomass and methods of estimating municipal biomass resources", Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 80: 1017–1030.
7. Malladi, K. T. and Sowlati, T., "Biomass logistics: A review of important features, optimization modeling and the new trends", Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 94: 587–599.
8. Asadullah, M., "Barriers of commercial power generation using biomass gasification gas: A review", Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 29: 201–215.

9. Akçay, T., " Determination of biomass potential and energy values of rice straw in Trakya region ı", Master’s Thesis, Namık Kemal University, (2014).
10. Bayramoğlu, T., " Biomass Energy and Local Economic Development: A Field Study on Biomass Potential and Economic Effects in TRA1 Region (Erzurum-Erzincan-Bayburt)", Phd Thesis, Erzurum: Atatürk University Institute of Social Sciences, (2013).
11. Formica, M., Frigo, S., Gabbrielli, R., "Development of a new steady state zero-dimensional simulation model for woody biomass gasification in a full scale plant", Energy Conversion And Management, 2016, 120: 358–369.
12. Saghir, M., Rehan, M., Nizami, A.-S., "Recent trends in gasification based waste-to-energy", Gasification For Low-Grade Feedstock, 2018, 97–113.
13. Safarian, S., Unnþórsson, R., and Richter, C., "A review of biomass gasification modelling", Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 110: 378–391.
14. Zervos, A., Lins, C., "Renewables 2016 Global Status Report", Council Of The Federation, (2016).
15. Tunçbilek, Ö., " The Use of Renewable Energy Resources in Agriculture and Rural Development and the Case of Kütahya Simav Geothermal Greenhouse ", PhD Thesis, Dumlupınar University Institute of Social Sciences, (2015).
16. Sansaniwal, S. K., Pal, K., Rosen, M. A., Tyagi, S. K., "Recent advances in the development of biomass gasification technology: A comprehensive review", Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 72: 363–384.
17. Simanjuntak, J. P., Zainal, Z. A., "Experimental study and characterization of a two-compartment cylindrical internally circulating fluidized bed gasifier", Biomass And Bioenergy, 2015, 77: 147–154.
18. Banerjee, S., Tiarks, J. A., Kong, S.-C., "Modeling biomass gasification system using multistep kinetics under various oxygen–steam conditions", Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2015, 34 (4): 1148–1155.
19. Memari, A., Ahmad, R., Rahim, A. R. A., Jokar, M. R. A., "An optimization study of a palm oil-based regional bio-energy supply chain under carbon pricing and trading policies", Clean Technologies And Environmental Policy, 2018, 20 (1): 113–125.
20. Ozturk, M., Saba, N., Altay, V., Iqbal, R., Hakeem, K. R., Jawaid, M., Ibrahim, F. H., "Biomass and bioenergy: An overview of the development potential in Turkey and Malaysia", Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 79: 1285–1302.
21. Widjaya, E. R., Chen, G., Bowtell, L., Hills, C., "Gasification of non-woody biomass: A literature review", Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 89: 184–193.
22. Mao, G., Huang, N., Chen, L., Wang, H., "Research on biomass energy and environment from the past to the future: A bibliometric analysis", Science Of The Total Environment, 2018, 635: 1081–1090. Perea-Moreno, M.-A., Samerón-Manzano, E., and Perea-Moreno, A.-J., "Biomass as renewable energy: Worldwide research trends", Sustainability, 2019, 11 (3): 863.
23. Uddin, M. N., Techato, K., Taweekun, J., Rahman, M. M., Rasul, M. G., Mahlia, T. M. I., Ashrafur, S. M., "An overview of recent developments in biomass pyrolysis technologies", Energies, 2018, 11 (11): 3115.
24. Sajdak, M., Muzyka, R., Hrabak, J., Różycki, G., "Biomass, biochar and hard coal: Data mining application to elemental composition and high heating values prediction", Journal Of Analytical And Applied Pyrolysis, 2013, 104: 153–160.
25. Cheng, S. F., Hung, C. I., Yang, I. C., "Exploring biomass energy of microorganisms using data mining methods", Energy Conversion And Management, 2011, 52 (2): 1272–1279.
26. Xu, C., Hong, J., Chen, J., Han, X., Lin, C., Li, X., "Is biomass energy really clean? An environmental life-cycle perspective on biomass-based electricity generation in China", Journal Of Cleaner Production, 2016, 133: 767–776.
27. Soliño, M., Farizo, B. A., Vázquez, M. X., and Prada, A., "Generating electricity with forest biomass: Consistency and payment timeframe effects in choice experiments", Energy Policy, 2012, 41: 798–806.
28. Ersöz, F., " Comparison of selected health indicators of OECD member countries with clustering and segregation analysis ", Turkey Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009, 29 (6): 1650–1659.
29. Atalay, A., Tortum, A., "Türkiye’deki İllerin 1997-2006 Yılları Arası Trafik Kazalarına Göre Kümeleme Analizi.", Pamukkale University Journal Of Engineering Sciences, 2010, 16 (3): (2010).
30. Ordu, B., " A prediction modeling for the production of long products in the iron and steel industry with classification techniques in data mining", Master Thesis, Karabuk University Social Sciences Institute, (2013).
31. Günüç, S., " Analysis of Some Variables Predicting Internet Addiction with Cart and Chaid Analysis ", Turkish Journal of Psychology, 2013, 28 (71): 88.