Mediating Role of Job Crafting in The Effect of Intrinsic Motivation on Work Engagement

Öz

In recent years, increasing motivation studies in organizational behavior studies reveal that how important the concept of motivation is for organizations. Particularly, the positive effect of intrinsic motivation on the attitudes and behaviors of employees draws attention from researchers and organizations. This research examines to explore this importance comprehensively the potential effect of intrinsic motivation on work engagement and the mediating effect of job resourcefulness in the relationship between intrinsic motivation and work engagement. Based on this importance, the data obtained from 283 participants were analyzed. Analyzes were made through SPSS and AMOS package programs, and Process Macro analysis developed by Hayes (2018) was used for the mediation test. The results revealed that intrinsic motivation has a positive effect on work engagement and that job crafting has a mediating role in the relationship between intrinsic motivation and work engagement.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Intrinsic Motivation
• Job Crafting
• Work Engagement
• Motivation
• Engagement

İçsel Motivastonun İşe Adamışlık Üzerindeki Etkisinde İş Becerikliliğinin Aracı Rolü

Öz

Son yıllarda örgütsel davranış çalışmalarında artan motivasyon çalışmaları örgütler açısından motivasyon kavramının ne denli önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle de içsel motivasyonun çalışanların tutum ve davranışları üzerindeki olumlu etkisi araştırmacılar ve uygulayıcılar açısından dikkat çekmektedir. Bu araştırma bu önemin kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırılması için içsel motivasyonun işe adanmışlık üzerindeki potansiyel etkisini ve iş becerikliliğin içsel motivasyon ile işe adanmışlık arasındaki ilişkideki aracılık etkisini incelemektedir. Bu önemden hareketle 283 katılımcıdan elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Analizler SPSS ve AMOS paket programları aracılığıyla yapılmış ve aracılık testi için ise Hayes (2018) tarafından geliştirilen Process Makro analiz yönetimi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre içsel motivasyonun işe adanmışlığı pozitif yönde etkilediği ve içsel motivasyon ile işe adanmışlık arasındaki ilişkide iş becerikliliğinin aracı rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.        

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İçsel Motivasyon
• İş Becerikliliği
• İşe Adanmışlık
• Motivasyon
• Adanmışluk

Kaynakça

1. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2013). Job demands—Resources theory. In C. Cooper & P. Chen (Eds.), Wellbeing: A complete reference guide. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
2. Bakker, A.B., Tims,M., & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human Relations, 65, 1359–1378.
3. Berdicchia, D., Bracci, E., & Masino, G. (2021). Performance management systems promote job crafting: the role of employees' motivation. Personnel Review.1-15.
4. Bilginoğlu, E., ve Yozgat, U. (2019). Ultra-kısa işe angaje olma ölçeği türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 7(5), 2863-2872.
5. Chen, C. Y., Yen, C. H., & Tsai, F. C. (2014). Job crafting and job engagement: The mediating role of person-job fit. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37, 21-28.
6. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
7. Erceylan, N., Öztürk, M., Uludağ, K., Uzunbacak, H. H., ve Akçakanat, T. (2021). İçsel motivasyon ve öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişki: iş becerikliliği ve akış deneyiminin seri aracılık rolü. Journal of Administrative Sciences/Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(40).413-436.
8. Fırat, M., Kılınç, H., & Yüzer, T. V. (2018). Level of intrinsic motivation of distance education students in e‐learning environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(1), 63-70.

9. Fischer, C., Malycha, C. P., & Schafmann, E. (2019). The influence of intrinsic motivation and synergistic extrinsic motivators on creativity and innovation. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1-15.
10. Gürbüz, S. (2019). Sosyal bilimlerde aracı, düzenleyici ve durumsal etki analizleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
11. Gürkan, G. Ç., ve Demiralay, T. (2017). Bireysel yenilikçiliğin çalışanın yenilikçi davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde içsel motivasyonun aracılık rolü: Türkiye’de cerrahlar örneği. Journal of Entrepreneurship And Innovation Management, 6(1), 65-90.
12. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis: Pearson new international edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
13. Hayes, A. F. (2018). “Introduction to mediating, moderating and conditional process analysis: A refresion based approach (Second Edn.).” New York: The Guilford Press. Jovanovic, D., & Matejevic, M. (2014). Relationship between rewards and intrinsic motivation for learning–researches review. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 149, 456-460. Keller, J. M. (1979). Motivation and instructional design: A theoretical perspective. Journal of Instructional Development, 2(4), 26–34.
14. Kerse, G. (2017). İş becerikliliği (job crafting) ölçeğini Türkçe’ye uyarlama ve duygusal tükenme ile ilişkisini belirleme. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(4), 283-304.
15. Kline. R.B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th Edn.) London: The Guilford Press.
16. Kuvaas, B. (2006). Work performance, affective commitment, and work motivation: The roles of pay administration and pay level. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(3), 365-385.
17. Laurence, G. A., Fried, Y., Yan, W., & Li, J. (2020). Enjoyment of work and driven to work as motivations of job crafting: Evidence from Japan and China. Japanese Psychological Research, 62(1), 1-13.
18. Lee, J. W., & Song, Y. (2019). Promoting employee job crafting at work: the roles of motivation and team context. Personnel Review.49 (3),689-708.
19. Lee, W., & Reeve, J. (2017). Identifying the neural substrates of intrinsic motivation during task performance. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 17(5), 939-953.
20. Moon, T. W., Youn, N., Hur, W. M., & Kim, K. M. (2020). Does employees’ spirituality enhance job performance? The mediating roles of intrinsic motivation and job crafting. Current Psychology, 39(5), 1618-1634.
21. Novitasari, D., Haque, M. G., Supriatna, H., Asbari, M., & Purwanto, A. (2021). Understanding the Links between Charismatic Leadership, Intrinsic Motivation and Tacit Knowledge Sharing among MSME Employees. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 2(3), 1-13.
22. Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M.C.W., Schaufeli, W.B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 1120–1141.
23. Rastogi, M., & Chaudhary, R. (2018). Job crafting and work-family enrichment: the role of positive intrinsic work engagement. Personnel Review.47(3), 651-674.
24. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York: Guilford Press.
25. Ryan, R.M., and Deci, E.L.(2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions.Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 25, 54–67.
26. Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. (2004). UWES: Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: preliminary manual [version 1.1, December 2004]. Utrecht: Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University. https://www.wilmarschaufeli.nl/publications/Schaufeli/Test%20Manuals/ Test_manual_UWES_English.pdf [Erişim tarihi 01.08.2021].
27. Shin, I., & Jung, H. (2021). Differential roles of self-determined motivations in describing job crafting behavior and organizational change commitment. Current Psychology, 40(7), 3376-3385.
28. Siu, O. L., Bakker, A. B., & Jiang, X. (2014). Psychological capital among university students: Relationships with study engagement and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(4), 979-994.
29. Slemp, G. R., Kern, M. L., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2015). Workplace well-being: The role of job crafting and autonomy support. Psychology of Well-being, 5(1), 1-17.
30. Slemp, G.R. and Vella-Brodrick, D.A. (2013) The Job Crafting Questionnaire: A New Scale To Measure The Extent To Which Employees Engage in Job Crafting. International Journal of Wellbeing, 3(2): 126-146.
31. Thomas, K.W. (2000). Intrinsic motivation at work: Building energy and commitment. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
32. Tims, M. and Bakker, A.B. (2010), Job crafting: towards a new model of individual job redesign, South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2),1-9.
33. Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., Derks, D., & Van Rhenen, W. (2013). Job crafting at the team and individual level: Implications for work engagement and performance. Group & Organization Management, 38(4), 427-454.
34. Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J.E. (2001). Crafting a job: revisioning employees as active crafters of their own work. Academy of Management Review, 26, 179–201.