Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence and Change Readiness: Adaptation Studies of Two Scales

Öz

The aim of this study is to adapt the "Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale" to Turkish and Turkish culture, based on the version of the " Internet Attitude Scale " adapted by Durndell and Haag (2002) to measure attitudes toward and beliefs about internet, which was developed by Nickell and Pinto (1986) as the " Computer Attitude Scale (CAS)." In addition, the study aims to adapt the "Change Readiness" scale, developed by Rafferty and Minbashian (2019), to Turkish and Turkish culture. In this context, validity and reliability studies will be conducted for both scales, contributing to the literature by examining the relationship between employees' attitudes toward artificial intelligence and their readiness for change. During the scale adaptation process, exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses were conducted separately. A total of 741 public and private sector employees were reached from three different samples to examine the relationship between variables. After excluding participants who did not meet the criteria, the analyses were conducted with 693 participants. Following the linguistic equivalence of the scales, EFA and CFA were performed, and Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficients and item-total correlation analyses were conducted. The analysis results indicated that the "Artificial Intelligence Attitude" and "Readiness for Change" scales are valid and reliable measurement tools, appropriate for Turkish culture. Finally, as a result of the correlation analysis, a positive and significant relationship was found between employees' attitudes toward artificial intelligence and their readiness for change (r = 0.572; p < 0.001).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Intelligence
• Attitude towards Artificial Intelligence
• Belief about Artificial Intelligence
• Cognitive Attitude
• Change Readiness
• Scale Adaptation

Yapay Zeka Tutum ve Değişime Hazır Olma: İki Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Nickell ve Pinto (1986) tarafından geliştirilen ve bilgisayarlara yönelik tutumları ve inançları ölçmeye yönelik olan “Bilgisayar Tutum” ölçeğinin, Durndell ve Haag (2002) tarafından “İnternet Tutum Ölçeği” ismiyle uyarlanan versiyonunu temel alarak, Yapay Zeka Tutum Ölçeği olarak Türkçe’ye ve Türk kültürüne uyarlanmasıdır. Ayrıca, Rafferty ve Minbashian (2019) tarafından geliştirilen “Değişime Hazır Olma” ölçeğinin de Türkçe’ye ve Türk kültürüne uyarlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, her iki ölçek için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılarak literatüre kazandırılması ve çalışanların yapay zeka tutumları ile değişime hazır olma durumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ölçek uyarlama sürecinde açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerini ayrı ayrı gerçekleştirmek ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla üç farklı örneklemden toplam 741 kamu ve özel sektör çalışanına ulaşılmış, kriteri sağlamayan katılımcıların çıkarılmasıyla, analizler 693 katılımcı üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeklerin dilsel eşdeğerliği sağlandıktan sonra AFA ve DFA yapılmış, Cronbach's Alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısı ile madde-toplam korelasyonu analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, "Yapay Zeka Tutum" ve "Değişime Hazır Olma" ölçeklerinin Türk kültürüne uygun, geçerli ve güvenilir ölçüm araçları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak, kolerasyon analizi neticesinde çalışanların, yapay zeka tutumları ile değişime hazır olmaları arasında pozitif, anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (r = 0,572; p < 0,001).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay zeka
• Yapay zekaya yönelik tutum
• Yapay zekaya yönelik inanç
• Bilişsel tutum
• Değişime hazır olma
• Ölçek uyarlama

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